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Maimonides on Attributes of God
Raboch, Filip ; Válová, Dita (advisor) ; Němec, Václav (referee)
This thesis is devoted primarily to two subjects: an analysis of Maimonides' proof of God's existence, his unity and incorporeality, and the question of which attributes one can predicate about God. Related to this is also the question of what the content of God's essence is, and if His essence is cognisable. The problem lies with statements in the Scripture where the reader can get the impression that God and humanity are alike and that He has a physical body of flesh and blood. Such a belief has dangerous consequences for Judaism as a whole and thus it is necessary to examine these passages and eliminate possible misconceptions and doubts. It is Maimonides' intention to support the religion using philosophy and to take away all doubts resulting from the incorrect interpretation of the Scripture. However, he reveals by his explanation another threat to Judaism and that is the dual conception of God. The question is, whether the two conceptions are compatible with each other or whether they are entirely different. The argumentation starts with a proof of God's existence, over a semantic explanation of attributes and negative theology, to interpretation of specific questionable passages from the Scripture.
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Concept of the Human World in the Thinking of Hannah Arendt
Kettner, Marek ; Jirsa, Jakub (advisor) ; Němec, Václav (referee)
The thesis main focus is the conception of the human world in Hannah Arendt's thinking. We will base our analysis on the difference of the human existence in nature and in the human world. The latter can be thought of as artificial, because for Arendt man is the creator of his world. This results in a difference in possibilities that man has in the world contrary to those he has in nature. The goal of this thesis will be analysing the foundation of the relation of man to the world in the ancient era and its constant changing in history. We will try to make clear, why is Arendt turning back to the ancient era as a basis for her thoughts and we will ask what is the connection of this looking back into the past with the phenomenon of world-allienation.
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Metodika uchovávání předmětů kulturní povahy
Selucká, Alena ; Mrázek, Martin ; Štěpánek, Ivo ; Mazík, Michal ; Grossmannová, Hana ; Jirásek, Pavel ; Holman, Pavel ; Jakubec, Petr ; Fricová, Jana ; Vácha, Zdeněk ; Červenák, Jan ; Dvořák, Martin ; Němec, Václav ; Dušková, Markéta ; Fogaš, Igor ; Bačovský, Jiří
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The Question of Abortion Today
Palkosková, Mirka ; Jirsa, Jakub (advisor) ; Němec, Václav (referee)
(in English): The thesis deals with the problem of induced abortions. It focuses on, and offers an analysis of, common ways in which abortion has recently been defended in the Czech Republic. In an examination of usual lines of defence of abortion, a description of ongoing philosophical debate about morality of abortion is employed. Arguments founded on bodily integrity and drawn from general feministic positions are attacked with the aim to show that all these ways of defending abortion elude the crucial problems such as the moral status of a fetus, father rights, the nature of discourses which underlie women's choices to abort, and the consequences of the common contemporary view of abortions for women's lives. The tension between basic sexual needs and responsibility for a human life that begins is set forth as the pivotal problem. Concerning the theoretical question of the moral status of a fetus, the thesis endorses a skeptical stance. As a consequence, unassailable solution to the question of permissibility of abortions is rejected as an impossible task. Such a negative result invites a question of how, if at all,the contemporary discourse might be substantiated in which abortions are treated quite straightforwardly as permissible acts. The acquaintance with philosophical problems concerning...
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Heidegger's Concept of Experience
Ševčík, Jan ; Benyovszky, Ladislav (advisor) ; Němec, Václav (referee)
Heidegger's Concept of Experience Abstract The paper aims to explore one of the central concepts of Heidegger's late philosophy. The experience here, compared to the concept in the early period of his thinking, takes on new forms of relation to the world and to the concealment and shows some basic features that the work will follow. These features of experience are: totality, immediacy, passivity, and the transformation of whoever experiences. A proper understanding of Heidegger's concept of experience should provide an important clue to understanding his late philosophy and the way of thinking that promotes it. But it also has wider implications for today's thinking and for grasping not only prominent experiences, such as religious experience.
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Concept of Guilt in Karl Jaspers' Philosophy
Rut, Filip ; Němec, Václav (advisor) ; Čapek, Jakub (referee)
BACHELOR'S THESIS - Abstract in English Filip Rut - Karl Jaspers' Conception of Guilt Abstract Origin, meaning and distinction of different types of guilt are the subjects of one of Karl Jaspers' most widely read books - The Question of German Guilt. Different conception of guilt can be found in his earlier texts, namely in the second volume of his Philosophy, where he places guilt among the so called boundary situations. What these conceptions have in common is the understanding a certain type of guilt as a structural part of the human condition, that can not be subtracted from it. However, the relation between these two conceptions of guilt is not clear and Jaspers himself does not offer any explanation. The main goal of this paper is to try to clarify this relation. To make this clarification possible, it will be necessary to interpret Jaspers' conception of guilt from the wider context of his philosophy of existence. Keywords Karl Jaspers, guilt, boundary situation, Existenz, political guilt, moral guilt, metaphysical guilt, collective guilt
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Specifics of work with gifted pupils in secondary education
Němec, Václav ; Krpálek, Pavel (advisor) ; Králová, Alena (referee)
Bachelor thesis is focused on problematics of education of gifted children at secondary level of education including integrated gifted children into average classes as same as segregated gifted to special groups Content of the thesis is primaryly focused on education in economics objects on bussiness academies, economic grammar schools and other high schools with economics lessons. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first theoretic part is dedicated to analysis of professional literature dealing with education of gifted children The content of the second empirical part is analysis of current level of education of gifted children at these schools and generally at all schools. Further analysis of legislative documents and organizations focused on gifted. The main part of the second part of the thesis are conclusions of quantitative and qualitative research. In the last part I propose appropriate activities for talented students interested in economy.
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Kierkegaard's Theory of the Self
Sklenář, Václav ; Němec, Václav (advisor) ; Ritter, Martin (referee)
(in English): Main focus of the thesis is Kierkegaard's description of man's existential possibilities which is framed by his theory of three existential stages - aesthetic, ethical and religious. The thesis aims at showing how each of these stages is constituted, what existential stance does man take in each stage towards the outside world and towards himself and how is it possible to achieve a movement between the stages. This goal should be arrived at by giving an interpretation of the texts of Kierkegaard's first authorship, that is his writings published between 1843-1846, starting from Kierkegaard's two-volume debut Either/Or and ending with his Concluding Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Fragments. The Thesis is primarily concerned with these writings because they take the theory of existential stages as their starting point. The exposition takes into consideration the possibilities of different existential positions inside each stage, which are thus shown not only in their constitutive conditions, but also in their inner variability, which makes possible existential movement even in the stages themselves. The thesis should thus present Kierkegaard's view of the entirety of existential possibilities, starting from the lowest level of the aesthetic existential sphere and ending with...
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Dunamis and Energeia: A Contribution to Interpretation of Aristotle's Metaphysics
Rabas, Martin ; Němec, Václav (advisor) ; Špinka, Štěpán (referee)
in English: In the first half of the book Theta of his Metaphysics, Aristotle discusses dunamis as a property of a being. In this sense, dunamis is primarily a principle of change in another thing or in the thing itself qua other, thereby exercising itself in its energeia. In the second half of the book, Aristotle discusses dunamis as a way of being. In this sense, a being is dunamei another thing and in the course of its becoming that thing it changes into being energeiai. The aim of the present thesis is to offer an interpretation of the concepts of dunamis and energeia as they appear in the chapters 1, 2 and partly 6 of the book Theta. The first question is how the concepts of dunamis and energeia in both parts fit together. The problem is posed as follows: Are dunamis in the sense of a principle of change and dunamis as a way of being mutually dependent? Are energeia as change and being energeiai related? Are they not, in fact, two relatively independent philosophical concepts, relative to whether being is regarded from the point of view of physics, respectively metaphysics? Based on the interpretation of Aristotle's statements, the thesis aims to argue that Aristotle starts his exposition with the analysis of dunamis in the sense of a principle of change precisely in order to show the...
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Two Ways of Being: Potentiality and Actuality. A Contribution to Interpretation of Aristotle's Metaphysics
Rabas, Martin ; Němec, Václav (advisor) ; Špinka, Štěpán (referee)
in English: In the first half of the book Theta of his Metaphysics, Aristotle discusses dunamis as a property of a being. In this sense, dunamis is primarily a principle of change in another thing or in the thing itself qua other, thereby exercising itself in its energeia. In the second half of the book, Aristotle discusses dunamis as a way of being. In this sense, a being is dunamei another thing and in the course of its becoming that thing it changes into being energeiai. The aim of the present thesis is to offer an interpretation of the concepts of dunamis and energeia as they appear in the chapters 1, 2, 6 and partly 7 of the book Theta. The first question is how the concepts of dunamis and energeia in both parts fit together. The problem is posed as follows: Are dunamis in the sense of a principle of change and dunamis as a way of being mutually dependent? Are energeia as change and being energeiai related? Are they not, in fact, two relatively independent philosophical concepts, relative to whether being is regarded from the point of view of physics, respectively metaphysics? Based on the interpretation of Aristotle's statements, the thesis aims to argue that Aristotle starts his exposition with the analysis of dunamis in the sense of a principle of change precisely in order to show the...
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