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A Critical Semiotic Study of Finnish, Latvian and Czech Myths
Pintāne, Inese ; Švantner, Martin (advisor) ; Váša, Ondřej (referee)
This Master's thesis invites its readers into the realm of myths where various deities and mythical creatures dwell and spend their days creating the human world and different cultural artefacts. To find out more about this realm and its possible variations, the author of this Master's thesis has chosen to study myths of relatively distinct nations. Since the author is familiar with the local language and customs of Finns, Latvians and Czechs, the author's choice fell on the myths of the given nations. Since everything in the realm of myths is in constant flux, the only way to detect what was considered valuable in it by its inhabitants at some point in time was to pause this process. To do it, the author approached the myths through the method called transvaluation developed by James Jakób Liszka in his book "The Semiotic of Myth: A Critical Study of the Symbol" (1989). Although still not very familiar among folklore scholars, this method enabled the author to view myths as trilevel entities and detect in them various social constructs passed from generation to generation. As the readers will later see, the author was able, by approaching myths from the perspective of transvaluation, to reveal various norms encoded in them. Keywords: Finns, Latvians, Czechs, myths, Liszka, transvaluation,...
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An Image of War in Georges Bataille's Conceptions
Zítko, Jakub ; Fulka, Josef (advisor) ; Váša, Ondřej (referee)
The war represents one of the most conspicuous manifestations of the overabundance of energy that Georges Bataille has been theorizing as part of his theory of general economics. On the background of this facts, work seeks to define war as an inherently non-utilitarian expenditure of energy with which the human must necessarily contend. Next, the work attempts to question the common denominators of the excessive moments that war undoubtedly belongs to, and to point out their importance in philosophy of Bataille. The sovereignty that accompanies such moments will be further themed, bearing in mind the specificity that the author devotes to it, which breaks out of dialectical necessity. Keywords: Georges Bataille, sovereignty, accursed share, heterogeneity, self-consciousness, critique of utilitarity, war
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Man as a Muse of Architecture
Kopáčová, Nikola ; Marcelli, Miroslav (advisor) ; Váša, Ondřej (referee)
This thesis follows a relation between man and architecture from the beginning of the 20th century to the 70s of the 20th century. It shows Le Corbusier as the main representative (the base of all processes) of connection between man and all architectural visions. The thesis describes other examples of architects and their concepts. It tries to advert to integrating man into architectural projects, which they have come so far, that at the end the man disappears. Key words architecture, man, place, non-place, city, space, genius-loci, collectivism
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Consequences of Reconceptualization of New Media Artworks
Scholz, Petr ; Charvát, Martin (advisor) ; Váša, Ondřej (referee)
Within the new social and technological conditions of the second half of the 20th century, new conceptions of art are being established, later described as "New Media Art". Automated processes (often with integration of artificial intelligence) of artistic creation questions the status of authorship over the final artifact. Next to the ambiguities regarding the status of the artist, the nature of the works themselves is also changing (uniqueness, simulations). The aim of the thesis is to provide theoretical and philosophical analysis of new media artworks based on the synthesis of theoretical background provided by perspectives of multiple authors. This theoretical frame, along with own practical knowledge, will be used for the analysis of selected specific new media art projects, which will provide a closer view on the contemporary computer generated artworks. The end of the thesis will be formulate thoughts about possible future developments in the field of automated creation of algorithmic art or authorship.
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Moment and Autorship in Photography
Šarkadyová, Lucie ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Váša, Ondřej (referee) ; Silverio, Robert (referee)
Most of the work on photography is about image and trying to understand photography as an image. Contrary to this approach, this paper deals with the experience of the photographer at the time of taking the picture, and also the influence of photography, understood as a medium, on our perception. The main topic is the photography of movement, where we can best demonstrate how photography changes both our perception and our understanding of (objective) reality. The beginning of the work is devoted to one of the greatest Czech photographers, Josef Sudek, who describes the method of his work. Sudek's definition of the moment involved in taking the picture is "when everything fits together"; the impossibility of returning to the same moment is a central feature of photography as presented in this work. Consequently, the basis for the thesis is that (1) photography and camera change the way we perceive, and that (2) photography is an actualization of the possibility of how we see what we see. The actualization of the possibility is discussed mainly in the context of Barbara Probst, whose work "Exposures" fundamentally enters the history of photography, and who - once again - does not put emphasis on the image but rather on the photographer as the creator of the image.
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Construction and Testimony: Dual Approach to Photography in Work of Didi-Huberman
Frídová, Martina ; Charvát, Martin (advisor) ; Váša, Ondřej (referee)
5 Abstract This thesis deals with topic concerning photography and its relation to reality in work of French philosopher and art historian Georges Didi-Huberman. The thesis is divided into two main chapters. The first main part includes introduction to Didi- Huberman's approach and familiarization with his terms as well as theoretical analysis of photography through his work. This part also includes comparison with approach of the other authors, for example with Roland Barthes. The goal of this thesis is to identify possible ways thinking about photography, from the perspective of photography as a construct and photography as a testimony. The goal of the second main part is to use Didi-Huberman's approach and apply it on several selected photographies within contemporary context. Key Words Didi-Huberman, photograph, construction, testimony, surviving images
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