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Proteomics as a tool for understanding molecular mechanisms of human diseases
Pospíšilová, Jana
Proteomics is a set of analytical methods which enable qualitative and quantitative characterization of the proteome. Expression proteomics quantitatively compares proteomes of cells, tissues, body fluids or other biological materials to find differencies in protein expression and, based on these differencies, to describe the biological processes occuring in investigated organisms. An initial material for expression proteomic studies are complex mixtures containing thousands of proteins, which are analyzed using separation (electrophoretic and chromatographic) methods, and identified, possibly quantified using mass spectrometry. The aim of this Thesis is to demonstrate the application of the tools of expression proteomics in solving diverse challenges in biomedicine. We employed various proteomic approaches and tools for studying molecular mechanisms of human diseases using pacient biological samples, or a model organism and a cell culture. We were conducting three different research projects, namely: A quest for potencial molecular targets for selective elimination of TRAIL-resistant mantle cell lymphoma cells; Investigation of molecular mechanisms of heart failure using a rat model of the disease induced by volume overload; and Searching for diagnostically usable serum biomarkers of ovarian...
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Korean Funeral Rituals: Traditions and Transformations
Pospíšilová, Jana ; Zemánek, Marek (advisor) ; Löwensteinová, Miriam (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to explore the funeral rites in Korea with concentration on rites changes in the 20. and 21. century. The first chapter focuses on the ritual and rites of passage generally, whereas the second chapter reflects funeral rites from the view of religious traditions, like Shamanism, Buddhism and Confucianism. The third chapter observes the introduction of Christianity in Korea, Korean social modernization and its influence on contemporary Korean funeral services.
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Different response of maize inbred and hybrid genotypes to drought: analysis of leaf proteome and photosynthetic processes
Benešová, Monika ; Holá, Dana (advisor) ; Prášil, Ilja (referee) ; Pospíšilová, Jana (referee)
Drought is one of the most important stress factors affecting plants. Increasing drought resistance via plant breeding is currently the main approach for improvement of plant productivity and reduction of water usage. Plant breeders and scientists search for reliable and easy methods of the determination of drought sensitivity in different genotypes. A precise knowledge about processes underlying plant stress response and defence against limited water availability is necessary for this. The aim of this study was a detailed analysis of photosynthetic processes and changes in leaf proteome (again aimed especially at proteins involved in photosynthesis) during drought stress. This analysis was a part of a complex project focused on the possible causes of genetic variability and drought resistance in agronomically important crops. Another goal was to analyse whether the measurement of selected photosynthetic parameters can be used for the determination of drought sensitivity per se and/or for the prediction of the response of hybrids based on known behaviour of their parents. Young plants of maize inbred lines and their hybrids were used as a model for this analysis, which was made under conditions of moderate and more severe drought. Two inbred lines which were (together with their F1 hybrids) used...
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Development Possibilities of Talented Students in Primary Schools
Pospíšilová, Jana ; Kasíková, Hana (advisor) ; Tvrzová, Ivana (referee)
This Bachelor thesis looks at the issue of talented students in regular schools, their specific educating and general status of such pupils in regular elementary school classroom. The introduction defines the notion of talent and the related requirements and historical development. It also deals with recognition of talent and points summary characteristics of talented students. The cruxes of the work are the options for schools and teachers in the educating of talented students in regular school facilities. It deals with existing programs in education and specifics contained segregated or integrated education. The focus on teaching itself is a stimulus to students how could their teachers develop the talent, build differentiated teaching and work with them in the group. The importance here is also working with parents. The conclusion is devoted to a substantial and neglected group of talented pupils with a handicap (twice exceptional) and the reflection of current state reality. KEY WORDS Talent, development, uniqueness, personality, options.
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The Perception of Urban Space on Daily Trips
Křivohlávek, Michal ; Uherek, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Pospíšilová, Jana (referee) ; Illner, Michal (referee)
Today the world population has reached its historical maximum and continues to rise. Billions of people travel in everyday life either to work and school or for community services. The daily practice of commuting substantially contributes to the perception of space of everyday life and to the image of city landscape. Nevertheless the means of everyday transit was not so far investigated as ways how to perceive the environment and method to create life-space. How is the city landscape specifically seen by commuters in different means of transport? What specific places and surroundings people encounter on the different ways of their everyday trips? This paper starts by presentation of different methods of investigation of space in ethnology and anthropology. On the example of Prague presents a broader overview to cultural context of daily space mobility. The third part of paper gives a result of concrete field study, how differently people commuting by diverse means of transportation describe the space and place around them.
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Contemporary legend and rumor in the Czech Republic. Origin, genesis and social and cultural function of domestic urban folklore in international context
Janeček, Petr ; Šalanda, Bohuslav (advisor) ; Ulrychová, Marta (referee) ; Pospíšilová, Jana (referee)
(English) Ph.D. Thesis Contemporary Legend and Rumour in the Czech Republic. Origin, Genesis and Social and Cultural Function of Domestic Urban Folklore in International Context Petr Janeček Presented study analyzes character, origin, genesis and social and cultural functions of specific type of prosaic oral narratives transmitted in contemporary oral and non-oral tradition on territory of the Czech Republic. Main attention is given to realistic narratives with primary informative and entertaining function, which are usually presented by their tellers as at least potentially real story or information about actual, genuine happenings of both local and social importance, but whose variants, versions and editions simultaneously circulate over wider geographical and temporary horizon. Because of that, these narratives are labelled by international folkloristics as folklore genres of "contemporary legend" and "rumour". After overview and critical analysis of history of international studies of these two genre concepts, their terminology and genre (both formal and thematic) characteristics in international and Czech folkloristics are presented, as well as relationship of these genres to similar contemporary folklore forms, especially gossip, conspiracy theories, anecdotes and jokes, demonological...
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Srovnání C3 a C4 plodin z hlediska tolerance k salinitnímu a vodnímu stresu
Kholová, Jana ; Kočová, Marie (advisor) ; Pospíšilová, Jana (referee) ; Prášil, Ilja (referee)
The main objective of the thesis work was the detailed characterization of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) genotypes contrasting for terminal drought tolerance. For that work, we used a set of near isogenic lines (NIL-QTLs; carrying terminal drought tolerance quantitative trait locus (QTL) from a drougth tolerant donor parent on the genetic background of a sensitive parent) and a recombinant inbred lines population (RIL; developed from a cross between the tolerant and sensitive genotype). In these contrasting genotypes we investigated following physiological traits. Transpiration rate (Tr), transpiration efficiency (TE), transpiration response to increased vapor pressure deficit, threshold in volumetric soil moisture where transpiration begins to decline (FTSW threshold), stomatal density (SD), sensitivity of plants' growth to VPD below and above 2kPa. Regarding biochemical traits, we followed content of chlorophyll (Chl), carotenoids (Car), abscisic acid (ABA), proline (Pro), we conducted isozyme analysis of antioxidative enzymes [superoxid dismutase (SOD), ascorbic peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT)]. The main leading thread for understanding the drought tolerance mechanisms of pearl millet came from the analysis of traits related to the control of water losses under fully irrigated...
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Abiotic stress resposes in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) tissue cultures
Krsek, Daniel ; Pospíšilová, Jana (referee) ; Lipavská, Helena (advisor)
Abiotic stress factors, primarily those which disturb plant water balance, cause extensive crop losses. With regard to sessile lifestyle, many mechanisms how to cope with these unfavourable conditions were developed during evolution of plants. As common impact of many of these stresses like drought, salinity or low temperatures is of osmotic nature, the osmotic adjustment represents important part of plant stress response. Mostly, this component of stress reaction is provided by organic compounds, which are referred to as compatible solutes, including polyhydroxyl compounds (sucrose, sugar alcohols, cyclitols, and oligosacharides) and nitrogen-containing compounds (mainly proline). The effect of these solutes is not only osmotic, but also osmoprotective as they are able to preserve integrity of membranes and macromolecules by mimicking their water envelope. The compatible solutes also contribute to quenching of reactive oxygen species overproduced under these stress conditions. This study is focused on apple (Malus domestica) producing, beside sucrose, sugar alcohol sorbitol as primary photosynthetic product and transporting these carbohydrates along with raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) for a long distance. In vitro tissue cultures derived from leaves of two apple cultivars differing in...
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Oscar Wilde's fairy tales in three Czech translations
Pospíšilová, Jana ; Kalivodová, Eva (referee) ; Josek, Jiří (advisor)
This thesis analyzes three Czech translations of Oscar Wilde's fairy tales from the critical perspective of a contemporary reader, focusing on translations currently available on the Czech market. It compares the 1981 translation by Jiří Zdeněk Novák (published in 2007 as an audiobook), the 1985 translation by Radoslav Nenadál (republished in 2006) and the latest, 1994 translation by Markéta Cukrová (newly published in 2007). The thesis is divided into two main parts. The first part sets the targets of the dissertation and provides an important background for the second part: it briefly summarizes relevant research carried out to date, introduces Oscar Wilde's life and literary career and considers the fairy tale genre in general, before discussing in more detail Wilde's own fairy tales, setting them in the context of the fairy-tale work of other Victorian writers and pointing out the characteristic feature and function of fairy stories in that period - social criticism. We then go on to examine certain personal and biographical factors that could have drawn Wilde to this particular genre, consider the likely intended recipient (addressing the question whether Wilde's fairy tales were written for children) and stress the importance of illustrations and graphic design in the original editions of Wilde's...
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