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The use of the DMS 48 test for the diagnosis of the mild cognitive impairment and the initiatory phase of dementia
Nikolai, Tomáš ; Loneková, Katarína (referee) ; Kulišťák, Petr (advisor)
This thesis presents a contribution towards the diagnosis of the Mild Cognitive Impairment and to the initiatory phase of dementia. We have used the DMS 48 test to analyze the differences in the area of memory capabilities damage. The research has been carried out with the sample of 50 patients with MCI, who have been diagnosed according to the actual Petersen concept. There has been a control group of 34 persons created with no exposure of the cognitive function damage. The research has proved that the achievements of the patients with MCI have been in the DMS 48 test significantly lower than the achievements of the control group. The achievements of the patients with MCI in the DMS 48 test have been also compared with the results of patients that have been tested in other chosen neuropsychological tests with the aim to confirm the ability of this test to identify hippocampal memory damage. We have chosen 2 neuropsychological memory subtests, which according to the theoretical constructs can measure the hippocampal memory damage and another two subtests, which are not able to distinguish the hipocampalnian memory damage from other types of memory damage. The results have proved that the DMS 48 has significant correlations only with the results of the subtests measured by the theoretical construct of the...
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Coping strategies of people with HIV
Svoboda, Karel ; Loneková, Katarína (referee) ; Weiss, Petr (advisor)
Facing a traumatic event, such as being diagnosed with HIV, require developing of coping mechanism. The purpose of this study in the theoretical part was to give a review of psychological aspects of HIV and inform about research of coping strategies among people with HIV/AIDS. The second purpose of this study was to show typical coping strategies of people with HIV in Czech Republic. Five asymptomatic participants were interviewed, the time since diagnosis was 3-14 years (mean age 7,6), the age in the sample was from 31 to 44 years, (mean age 36,0 years) It seems, that the way of reaction to diagnosis differ from the way they cope now, so the strategies can possibly change in the future. Our participants develop these strategies of coping: rational problem solving, self-appraisal, hedonism and religiosity/search for meaning
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Alexithymia in patients with chronic low back pain
Mrlinová, Lenka ; Niederlová, Markéta (referee) ; Loneková, Katarína (referee)
Alexithymia is an impaired regulation of emotions: it is the inability to identify and verbalize own feelings and emotions. It is a deficit in the ability to adapt to challenging, emotional and relationalship situations and is therefore considered as an important factor in the psychosomatic illness. The first part of this work explains origin of the term alexethymia from psychosomatic tradition and also diagnostic methods. This raises questions about its investigation in the context of contemporary medical treatment. The empirical part of the work experimentally tests two methods of measurement of alexithymia: a questionnaire TAS-20 and Alexithymia index on Rorschach test. Compares alexithymia rate in patients with chronic low lumbar spine pain that are indicated for operative treatment with the general population. Results demonstrate the likely low alexithymia in group of patients. Contributing to the basic objectives of the work: approximation to the population with chronic back pain, a contribution to alexithymia diagnosis, differentiation of the less psychosomatic from those where alexithymia in the etiopathogenesis of pain plays major role. It is also regarded as important and in particular the indication of optimal psychotherapeutic approach.
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Virtual meditation: comparison of the effects of meditation and neurofeedback on cognitive processes
Ondřej, Lukáš ; Loneková, Katarína (referee) ; Kulišťák, Petr (advisor)
The aim of this diploma thesis was to investigate and compare effects of meditation and neurofeedback on human neurophysiology, cognitive and attentional processes. The theoretical part consists of tree chapters. First, chapter introduces the concept of meditation in neuropsychology, overviews different types of meditation, denotes methodological problems and presents health benefits and possible use in psychotherapeutic process. Second part deals with physiological specifics of meditation, meditation-induced changes in cardiovascular and cortical system, and employment of imaging methods in meditation research. Third part approaches neurofeedback from the standpoint of meditation and attempts to document some basic similarities between the two techniques and their use in psychology-related areas.
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Possibilities and limits of the Pesso Boyden psychomotor therapy in working with traumatized clients
Čepelíková, Zuzana ; Loneková, Katarína (referee) ; Junková, Vendula (advisor)
Pesso Boyden psychomotor therapy (PBSP) belongs to a body-oriented psychoterapies that in their thought basis point to the importance of linking physical, emotional and cognitive components of each of us. The subject of the dissertation is: Possibilities and limits of the Pesso Boyden Psychomotor Therapy in working with traumatized clients and is focused on the psychological characteristics of the psychotherapeutic movement, which is processed by the available literature only to a limited extent. PBSP is presented in the context of working with traumatized clients. The theoretical part consists of two basic topics-introduction of practical and theoretical framework of PBSP and lead-in into issues of trauma. The theory of Pesso Boyden Psychomotor Therapy is expressed primarily through general psychological topics and developmental perspective on individual personality, PBSP practice is reflected in the detailed description of the psychotherapeutic process and approached by fictitious case report of PBSP. In the theory of trauma is particularly pointed out its genesis, heterogeneous definition of the term, both positive and negative symptomatology and treatment option for clients with traumatic history. The goal of the practical part was mapping of the content and timing proportions of selected phenomena...
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Describing of needs of mental patients by CAN-C
Kratochvílová, Tereza ; Loneková, Katarína (referee) ; Junková, Vendula (advisor)
In this dissertation we deal with needs of mental patients with psychotic disorder diagnose especially schizophrenia. Because of this we have chosen the CAN - C Test / Camberwell Assessment of Need / which was developed by King's College London - Institute of Psychiatry. The CAN Test describes medical and social needs of mental patients and gives a notice about sphere in which the care or therapy can help. The six months research has been in progres in the psychiatric department of Litoměřice hospital and 40 patients have been examinated. The attending physician's view has been described in the same way. Generally we have compared the way how patients feel their needs and the way of attending physicians. Research proved high correlation between these two groups and it confirmed our hypothesis about the necessity of psychological and psychotherapeutic help especially for these patients.
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The development of a meaning of life after an attempted suicide
Fialová, Helena ; Šípek, Jiří (referee) ; Loneková, Katarína (advisor)
This thesis deals with the evolution of the meaning of life after a suicide attempt. The purpose of this study was to find out what the experience of meaningfulness looks like prior to and subsequent to a suicide attempt. The theoretical aspect is divided into two sections: the meaning of life and death. These primary topics have been described, defined and placed in a context, which includes other important issues. The meaning of life deals with the aspects of behaviour, movement, suffering, logotherapy and existential analysis, and in conclusion defines the psychological methods for studying the meaning of life. The second part focuses on the perspective of psychologists and philosophers regarding the definition and classification of suicides, suicide as a psychological phenomenon, crisis and therapy, and on psychological research into suicidal behaviour. The empirical part of the study is based on qualitative methodology in which both qualitative and quantitative methods are employed. Three comparative studies have been utilised. This part contains the actual research data with descriptions of the individual studies, the research methods and an interpretation of the results. In conclusion, outcomes are discussed and possible directions for further examination are suggested. Keywords: meaning of life,...
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Executive functions in individuals with autism and possible intervention
Viktorinová, Michaela ; Loneková, Katarína (referee) ; Šípek, Jiří (advisor)
There have been many psychological theories which tried to unravel the functioning of individuals with autism. This paper perceives autism as an executive function disorder. It focuses mainly on one single component - verbal and nonverbal fluency. The theoretical part of the paper analyzes some of the well-known executive function models. Since at the end the thesis draws conclusions for possible intervention in autism, the knowledge of these models seems to be essential. The methodological aspects of executive function research are tackled as well. The dispute between the supporters of executive dysfunction hypothesis and advocates of its rival theory - Theory of Mind, is still ongoing. Their main arguments are therefore briefly discussed. However, the essence of the theoretical part lies in the executive function profile and the analysis of the main executive components. Conclusions of the theoretical part then lead us to the formulation of empirical hypotheses. In the empirical part 13 individuals with Asperger syndrome and 13 healthy controls were tested. The verbal and nonverbal abilities in both groups were taken into account. Three studies were executed. First of them dealt with the "purity" of fluency tasks and revealed significant influence of intelligence over individuals performance. In the...
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Cognitive functions training in elderly
Štěpánková, Hana ; Loneková, Katarína (referee) ; Šípek, Jiří (advisor)
This thesis is about cognitive training in older age. It connects the questions of aging and cognitive functions. Theoretical part deals with present state of knowledge, with focus on healthy population mainly, i.e. without cognitive impairment. The practical part is a research of memory training program effectiveness in cognitively intact elderly. Memory training is a popular name for interventions aimed at training of cognitive functions and activation of seniors; the last part is a brief methodological manual for memory trainers.
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Quality of attention in borderline patients
Patlichová, Klára ; Loneková, Katarína (referee) ; Preiss, Marek (advisor)
This thesis exammes attention among individuals with borderline personality disorder. The theoretical part illustrates the aspects ofborderline personality disorder and attention in general. For detailed description of borderline personality disorder, it uses particularly Millon's diagnostic instrument. In relation to attention, it concentrates mainly on cognitive aspects of this topic with emphasis on the theoretical concept of attention according to M. I. Posner. Furthermore, it points out the potential interconnection of these, apparently only negligibly related topics, i.e. of borderline personality disorder and attention. An essential part consists in the attention network test (ANT). The empirie part then partly follows Posner's research. Similar to his approach, it uses the ANT test and an IPDE semi-structured interview- the borderline module- to verify the potential relationship of borderline disorder and attention deficiency. Testing of attention also includes Stroop color test. The IPDE interview, which is aimed at diagnos ti es of borderline personality disorder, is supplemented by questionnaire methods monitoring particularly mood and the potential proband cognitive deficit. The research mentioned in this part of the paper monitors attention amongst fifteen individuals with borderline...
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