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Dolejší's "Analysis" as an Example of Conspiracy Theory
Kantor, Lukáš ; Bureš, Jan (advisor) ; Voráček, Emil (referee)
This magistr thesis examines the first two parts o f the significant conspiracy theory about Charter 77 and the velvet revolution: "Analysis o f 17th November and the changes in eastern Europe in 1989" written by Miroslav Dolejsi, a long-time political prisoner of communist regime. The submitted thesis tries to demonstrate which o f Dolejsi's assertions are truthful or at least probable, but also what is speculation or even disinformation. In this regard, the magistr thesis refutes Dolejsi's gravest charge, that the Charter 77 represented right from its inception an intentionally created political reserve, or even the so- called "guided opposition" led by people linked to Czechoslovak and Soviet secret police. Rather, we suggest thinking about Charter 77 as a "controlled opposition" consisting of a contra elite potentially capable of replacing the discredited communists. 3The magistr thesis also did not find evidence to prove Dolejsi's claim that the power handover in 1989 was arranged in advance, although both dissidents and elites o f the old regime calculated on forthcoming changes and contacts between these two camps did exist. Pragmatic communists had probably been preparing themselves for the new conditions and some even helped to trigger the revolutionary events. Later during the talks between Civic...
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How to refort the electoral system for the czech chamber of deputies? Analysis of current electoral system and reform options
Charvát, Jakub ; Bureš, Jan (advisor) ; Just, Petr (referee)
The aim of this study is to analyse a proposal of bill of electoral reform for electoral system to the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic, and especially by the Czech government prefered so-called Greek variant, and to show its weaknesses. The main problem of this proposals is, according to the author of this study, the bonus for the winner of electoral competition. By using the analysis of current electoral system the author tries to prove that the more important in the Czech political reality is the proportionality of electoral results than the bonus for winning political party. In the end, author presents his project to reform the current electoral system. These changes are likely to have minimal effect on the electoral behaviour of voters and political parties. This proposal modifies the number of electoral districts from current fourteen to nine (by means of combination of current small electoral districts), it also modifies the process of preferential voting (four preferential votes for each voter and variable threshold for being elected by means of preferential voting between four and five per cent, depending on electoral district magnitude) and aborts additive legal threshold for electoral coalitions. This project may produce more proportional electoral results than the...
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The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and the Process of Perestroika
Štefek, Martin ; Bureš, Jan (advisor) ; Kocian, Jiří (referee)
The aim of my diploma thesis is to analyse the Communist party of Czechoslovakia in the years of 1985-1989 and its response to the process of perestroika, which was initiated in the Soviet Union after Gorbachev's election as a General Secretary of the Communist Party. The analysis proceeds in three steps. First, it explains functioning of the Central Commitee of the KPC and its presidium, and describes the decision-making process inside the party. Second, the third chapter reveals the fact that the January 1987 plenary session of the Central Commitee of the CPSU was a decisive impetus for accepting and initiating a specific process of the perestroika in Czechoslovakia. Third, principles of economic, political and intra-party restructuring are introduced. However, there were limits to the process which were due to the tension between "conservatives" and "progressives" in the leadership. In addition, the thesis notes that personal changes in the central commitee, which were very important for the outcome of the reforms. Last, the empirical evidence is compared with assumptions of theories of non-democratic regimes, and discussed upon the evidence of well-documented changes.
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The reform of the electoral system of the Czech Republic 1998-2000
Čejchan, Jakub ; Bureš, Jan (advisor) ; Koubek, Jiří (referee)
The bachelor thesis "The Reform of the Electoral System of the Czech Republic 1998-2000" deals with the topic of electoral system change enacted in the framework of the ODS-ČSSD so-called "opposition agreement". The thesis focuses mainly on the aspect of electoral mechanism and the way how partial changes of this mechanism can influence overall outputs of the system. The first part of the thesis offers a basic characterization of proportional systems and explanation of important proportional system variables affecting final electoral outcomes. The second part concentrates on particular aspects of the electoral reform accepted within the opposition agreement. It describes circumstances leading to the decision of both ODS and ČSSD to change the electoral system. Also, it analyses the shape of the former electoral system and its changes which were subsequently performed. The last part centres on the constitutionality of the electoral reform and clarifies why the Constitutional Court ultimately declared it unconstitutional.
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Euroscepticism and the Civic Democratic Party: party basis?
Ryjáčková, Lenka ; Bureš, Jan (advisor) ; Buben, Radek (referee)
The Bachelor thesis "Euroscepticism and the Civic Democratic Party: Party Basis" deals with Euroscepticism as a dynamic phenomenon of party and intraparty system. The thesis in this way brings the critical reflection of recent classification typologies regarding the positions of political parties towards the European Union and European integration. Dynamic factors which influence the molding of party opinion are demonstrated on the example of the Civic Democratic Party (ODS). The thesis puts emphasis on the intraparty structure within the context of the organization and ideological reflection of the European issue in the organization. The question that the thesis attempts to answer, is if Euroscepticism in the ODS will be the cause of an institutionalization of a party basis inside the party, and which representation in the party it has.
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Comparison of the Czech right parties: Civic Democratic Alliance and Christian Democratic Party in the early 1990s
Hanáček, Vladimír ; Bureš, Jan (advisor) ; Koubek, Jiří (referee)
Při úvaze o vývoji české politiky v pravé části lineární osy stranicko- politického kontinua jsme nutně konfrontováni s několika složitostmi. Zaprvé je nutné definovat, jak rozumíme vůbec pojmu "politická pravice". Tento pojem může být definován pozitivně, tj. jako politický proud, kladoucí důraz na tradici, obhajující dosavadní sociální diferenciaci a vládu elit, kladoucí důraz na vládu zákona, nezávislé soudy, tržní principy v ekonomické a princip rovnováhy sil v zahraničně- politické oblasti. Takovýto výklad by však byl nadmíru obecný1 a nezohlednil by podstatné vývojové distinkce, kterými pomyslný prostor z ideového i historického hlediska prošel za posledních 160 let. Tyto distinkce jsou pak dále podmíněny rovněž geograficky. Je tak možno k definici přistoupit i negativním způsobem a určit rozlišovací kritérium, na bázi kterého lze lépe vymezit rozdíl mezi politickou pravicí a politickou levicí.
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Political system of Slovak Republic (1939-1945) - typology of undemocratic regime in comparative analysis
Kmošena, Jakub ; Bureš, Jan (advisor) ; Janas, Karol (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of political system of Slovak republic in 1939-1945. Main historical background and events leading to creation of independent state are described at first place. The position of Slovakia in the first Czechoslovak republic but especially in the so-called second republic with special attention for formation of autonomous Slovak land as a precondition for independent Slovak republic is mentioned. The core of this work is based on detailed analyses of specified political system. In several chapters we deal with Slovak constitution, state power sharing and description of legislature, executive and jurisdiction. In other chapters we analyze public administration and political police (Ústredňa štátnej bezpečnosti). Special attention is also dedicated to inner-regime cleavages and few of pressure groups, which appeared inside. Detailed description of party system and main political party - Hlinka's Slovak People Party is following. At the end, classification of regime according to modern theories of fascism and conceptualization based on term "fascization" of Aristotle A. Kallis is offered.
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The role of the senate in the Czech political system from 1996 to 2006
Kouřimský, Jan ; Wintr, Jan (advisor) ; Bureš, Jan (referee)
The aim of this bachelor's work is to introduce a political and organization development of the upper chamber of the Czech Parliament. The monitored period includes mainly the operation of the chamber from 1996 to 2006 but as well the political negotiations forgoing the establishment of the Czech Senate. The work evaluates an activity and cooperation of the Senate with the Chamber of Deputies within the legislative field during the individual function periods, the senate initiative regarding the acceptance of own draft laws, negotiations regarding naming of new constitutional judges. Another point is a familiarization with the profession qualification of individual senators, familiarization with its influence on functioning of the upper chamber and with the prospective impacts on the Senate shape in the future. In the final part this work assesses the election results and composition of the political senate clubs during the individual chamber function periods. A part of this work creates an elementary analysis of the voters election behavior and of the reasons that can lead to a weak participation in elections. There are proposed recommendations for a possible chamber transformation and for increasing of the citizen's interest in functioning of the Senate of the Parliament of the Czech Republic.
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