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Efficiency of working memory training
Milichovská, Petra ; Páchová, Anna (advisor) ; Pavelková, Isabella (referee)
This thesis concentrates on verification of efficiency of the program NBack Campaign, destined for working memory training, and continues the evaluation of the author of the program Anna Páchová. Our research has continued in the tradition of the evaluation of programs destined for training of cognitive functions. We have decided to use design pretest, training part and retest in our research. Based on the analyse of literature we concluded, that the research of working memory of children at the age between 10 and 18 years is peripheral issue and appears just in studies of the development of working memory. For this reason we decided to include 26 children from eight-year grammar school. We wanted to check, how they would respond on the programm and how the training would affect them. Our research was realized during three months and the research sample was reduced during that time. Following analysis of collected data has confirmed the statistically important shift in tasks children have trained in. Transfer into other tasks has not been shown. That is why we have decided to devote our time to individual pupils and their special characteristics. Keywords: Cognitive training, working memory, Nback Campaign, n-back task, spatial matrix, transfer
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Students with special educational needs and the school in their life
Vondrová, Eliška ; Viktorová, Ida (advisor) ; Páchová, Anna (referee)
The work is fosuced on the place of school and education in life of students with special educational needs. Selected seventh class in one of excluded area is describe here with point of view of their social-cultural composition and other characteristics of children who attend it. The method is used primarily semicontrolled conversation about what school means for children, what is the meaning of education for them and what is their daily life and vision of the future about. Using interviews with the class teacher are first determined the individual profiles of all children in the classroom. These profiles are gradually replenished by collecting data using open questionnaires, interviews and documentary material. The result is a qualitative picture of school attendance and children's life in such an specific environment.
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How children solve word problems in mathematics containing traditional and non-traditional gender content
Nováková, Veronika ; Smetáčková, Irena (advisor) ; Páchová, Anna (referee)
The goal of my thesis is to find out how school children react to word problems in mathematics that defy traditional distinction of gender roles in a typical household. This Bachelor Thesis compares in which word problems (with traditional or nontraditional gender content) children score higher and whether boys/girls in 2nd or 6th grade are more successful in solving them. It also differentiates if there are any noticeable differences between girls and boys. The research was carried out by mixed methodology and I used sequential progression of data. Firstly, I handed out the forms, then came the investigation of previously mentioned forms which granted me a better insight on the research of this particular phenomenon in the field. After the quantitative collecting of data came the qualitative investigation using half-structured interviews.
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The Relationship between Theory of Mind and Language Skills in Preschool Children
Cajthamlová, Tereza ; Sotáková, Hana (advisor) ; Páchová, Anna (referee)
This thesis focuses on the relationship between theory of mind and language skills in Czech preschoolers. The theoretical part summarizes current knowledge about theory of mind, its relationship to language skills, and some areas of development of preschool children. The empirical part describes the research of the relationship between theory of mind and language skills of Czech preschoolers. Fifty-five children in total participated in this research, twenty children in a younger group (m=42 months), and thirty-five children in an older group (m=54 months). Theory of mind has been assessed by two false-belief tasks: Sally-Ann Task, and Smarties task. Language skills were tested by Grammar reasoning test, and Understanding of grammar test from test battery of Seidlová-Málková and Smolík (2014). The older group has significantly better results in false-belief tasks then the younger group. Despite anticipated results, there was not statistically significant difference between the younger and the older groups' language skills. A moderate positive correlation was found between language skills and false-belief understanding in both groups. KEYWORDS Theory of Mind, False Belief Understanding, Language Skills, Preschoolers, Sally-Ann Task, Smarties Task
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Self efficacy of girls and boys in mathematics in adolescence
Ptáčková, Barbora ; Smetáčková, Irena (advisor) ; Páchová, Anna (referee)
TITLE: Self efficacy of girls and boys in mathematics in adolescence AUTHOR: Barbora Ptáčková DEPARTMENT: Department of Psychology SUPERVISOR: PhDr. Irena Smetáčková, Ph.D. ABSTRACT: The central term of this thesis is the concept of Albert Bandura self efficacy which is applied to the field of mathematics. The theoretical part focuses on defining the concept of self efficacy and trying to put it into the context of adolescence, school environment, school results and gender issues. I also deal with the performance of pupils in mathematics and last but not least, the issue of gender. The aim of the empirical part is to chart the relationship between self efficacy, evaluation of their own success, knowledge, skills and attitudes to mathematics (identification with mathematics, popularity of mathematics) and see if there are any differences between girls and boys in how they relate to their abilities in mathematics. The research sample consisted of 55 students - girls and boys from primary schools, the year 8. The results were obtained by using our established research tools: questionnaires on the level of self efficacy in mathematics, general questionnaire and mathematical test with evaluation of their own success. The research didn't confirmed the difference between girls and boys in self efficacy in...
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Influence of Relationships at a Workplace on Proffesional identity of a School Psychologist
Pechová, Markéta ; Pavlas Martanová, Veronika (advisor) ; Páchová, Anna (referee)
Rigorous work Influence of Relationships at a Workplace on Professional Identity of a School Psychologist show the profession through his relationships at a workplace. Relational network of the professional is wide (headmaster of school, teachers, students, their parents, pedagogical-psychological counsel, other experts, other school psychologists, etc.), which was discussed more in the previous thesis. Our rigorous work is aimed at relationship with school management and teaching staff. The area of relationships closely relates to roles in which the school psychologist acts. The text of the work is divided into chapters and is based on selected available Czech and foreign literature. Next, there is a metodological part, which informs the reader about the way of collecting the data. The final part is dedicated to the results of analyzed interviews with the school psychologists. Our rigorous work is based on a thesis where "relationships" were one of the researched category. For the professional identity of a school psychologist relationships are essential factor. On the next pages, we will try to show the influence of relationships in work. Relational network of the school psychologist gives us the picture of the profession. School management and teaching staff are 2 segments of the network,...
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Cognitiv strategies in gender non-traditional tasks
Malá, Petra ; Smetáčková, Irena (advisor) ; Páchová, Anna (referee)
A fairy tale is one of the socialization factors which can support gender stereotypes in children's perception of the world around them. Fairy tale presents male and female characters in their gender roles to both boys and girls. This enables children to develop their own identity, gender identity being one of its parts. Pre-school children are confused by a fairy tale that does not follow gender schemes which they aquired in the past. In this kind of situation chidren employ their individual strategies which help them to get a better understanding of the tale and thanks to that assimilate the tale to their image of the world and the order that rules it. Typically, pre-school children don't accept characters that do not show attributes belonging to their gender role. They prefer characters which are typically masculine - active and brave, or typically feminine - passive and beautiful. Thus, traditional fairy tales don't offer the same opportunities of experiencing the story for both sexes. The goal of my qualitative research was an observation of differences between the way boys and girls perceive a fairy tale following gender stereotypes and another fairy tale that violates them. I based the research on structured interviews with children focused on how they perceive the tale. Afterwards, I analyzed this...
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Learnability principles of progressive matrices: a comparison of Czech and Roma children
Páchová, Anna ; Rendl, Miroslav (advisor) ; Seidlová Málková, Gabriela (referee)
The aim of the graduation theses was to describe and explain the differences between Czech and Roma children in the scope of cognitive modifiability. The second aim was to consider the progressive matrices as tools for measurement of intelligence. To evaluate the cognitive modifiability I used the pretest and retest sets of matrices chosen from the Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices and Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices. In addition, I also designed three separate sets of matrices that were used for explanation of matrix task principles. I confirmed the learnability of these principles, i.e. the matrix task results are influenced not only by the biological factors but primarily by the cultural background. It means that matrices cannot be considered as a culture free test. The results of Czech children in pretest and retest were significantly higher than the results of Roma children (however, the differences in the retest reached the borderline of statistic significance). On the other hand, the level of improvement (defined as retest minus pretest) was higher in the group of Roma children. So, the worse results of Roma children cannot be explain due to cognitive inferiority. They seem to be associated with the socio-cultural background and with the absence of Mediated Learning Experience. The...
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Sources of stress, workload, and dissatisfaction in the work of nurses
Hrdličková, Renáta ; Francová, Veronika (advisor) ; Páchová, Anna (referee)
If we happen to be a patient we expect nursing staff to provide us with the best care. But an overloaded nurse cannot meet all needs of all her patients sufficently and provide the first - class nursing care. The aim is to look into the source of stress, strain and dissatisfaction in a work of nurses. Theoretical part aquaints the readers with the contemporary scientific findings in work stress and burnout syndrome of nursing staff. The second chapter deals besides other things, with analysis of mental, social and physical requirements which are necessary for the nursing profession. The empirical part is based on an qualitative research. With the help of semi-structured interviews we recieve unique professional experience of seven respondents who work for the Czech Health Service on the nurse position. The centre of analalytical procedure is a thematic analysis. In our research we find out that nurses lose their energy due to the lack of mental support and appreciation from the side of management and fellow workers. Our respondents meet health workers suffering from burnout syndrome at their workplace. However, they did not admit the possibility of a certain degree of their burnout syndrome in the course of the dialogs. Nurses are exposed to many work and professional stresors which can result in...
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