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Synthesis of photoactive derivatives of phthalocyanines and study of their biological activity
Rychvalská, Lucia ; Zimčík, Petr (advisor) ; Vícha, Robert (referee) ; Zitko, Jan (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis Author: Mgr. Lucia Rychvalská Supervisor: prof. PharmDr. Petr Zimčík, PhD. Doctoral Thesis: Synthesis of photoactive derivatives of phthalocyanines and study of their biological activity Phthalocyanines (Pc) are macrocyclic compounds with conjugated system of double bonds with absorption maximum around 650 - 750 nm. They are characterized by high singlet oxygen production which makes them suitable candidates for photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy. However, they form inactive aggregates in water environment because of their planar hydrophobic aromatic core. There are many strategies to solve this problem, and this thesis is focused on fighting aggregation of Pc by their supramolecular interactions with cucurbiturils (CB). Subphthalocyanines (SubPc) are similar macrocyclic compounds composed of only three (instead of four) isoindol units with boron as a central atom, which has also axial substituent. Because of their cone-shape and axial substituent they are less aggregated in water but usually not very soluble, which could also be solved by interaction with CB. First part of this thesis was focused on synthesis of Pc with aminoadamantyl substituents on...
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Comparison of the development of the Czech and Polish ballet scene in the years 1945 - 1970
Felcan Rajlová, Lucie ; Pešek, Jiří (advisor) ; Kocian, Jiří (referee) ; Daněk, Petr (referee)
This dissertation delves into the fascinating world of ballet, one of the most expressive and fantastic artistic disciplines. Its primary focus is to analyse and compare the development of the Czech and Polish ballet scene between 1945 and 1970 in order to shed light on certain key phases and issues, such as the emancipation and recognition of ballet as a specific artistic discipline. The dissertation also focuses on the career paths of ballet dancers, examining the advantages and disadvantages associated with this career, including financial reward. The structure of the thesis is divided into seven key chapters (source evaluation, methodological section, five thematic chapters), supplemented by an introduction, conclusion, lists and appendices. The first chapter focuses on significant changes in the interwar period, which are considered essential for understanding the development of the post-war ballet scene in Czechoslovakia and Poland. The chapter also focuses on the personalities whose legacy influenced subsequent generations of ballet artists. A separate chapter is devoted to dance education at three levels, exploring the causes and consequences of differences with potential implications for future developments. This section is closely linked to another section focusing on the expansion of...
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Cenomanian vegetation of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin
Čepičková, Jana ; Kvaček, Jiří (advisor) ; Teodoridis, Vasilis (referee) ; Spicer, Robert A. (referee)
Cenomanian plant fossils from the Peruc-Korycany Formation of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin, Czech Republic are described, analysed and their palaeoenvironment is interpreted. Cycad foliage Nilssonia mirovanae Čepičková et J.Kvaček including micromorphology of its cuticle was described. It shows deeply sunken stomatal apparati surrounded by papillae overhanging the stomatal pit. The haplocheilic stomata are arranged in rows. Todziaphyllum saportanum (Velen.) Čepičková et J.Kvaček is a serrate-margined leaf with semicraspedodromous venation. Since the cuticle of this plant fossil has not been preserved, macro-observation is the only method available. Ascarinophyllum pecinovense Čepičková et J.Kvaček is a serrate-margined leaf, having an abaxial cuticle covered by striations, randomly oriented, and radially oriented striations around the stomata. This species shows a combination of laterocytic/laterocyclocytic, stephanocytic-bicyclic, amphibrachyparacytic, less frequently brachyparacytic and holoparacytic stomata, sometimes with T-shaped thickenings of the internal cuticle at the poles. Papillaephyllum labutae Čepičková et J.Kvaček is characterised by leaves with serrate margins. It shows an abaxial cuticle covered by large papillae. Its stomatal apparatus shows a combination of latero-cyclocytic and...
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Early Modern Age Bohemian Lands and the Area of the ContemporaryRomania at the Turn of the 17th Century
Chalupová, Helena ; Vlnas, Vít (advisor) ; Hojda, Zdeněk (referee) ; Ryantová, Marie (referee)
The dissertation deals with one of the specifics of the history of the Bohemia lands in the early modern period - the conflicts between the Habsburg monarchy and the Ottoman Empire. The aim of the thesis is to create a comprehensive view of the changing relations between the Bohemian lands during the reign of Emperor Rudolph II and the countries which, during the periods of Turkish expansion into Europe, constituted a kind of barrier between the Habsburg and Ottoman empires, i.e. Transylvania, Wallachia and Moldavia. The research topic is narrowed down to the period of the so-called Long Turkish War (1591-1606) and the subsequent period until 1613 (the death of the princes of Transylvania, Sigismund Báthory and Gabriel Báthory). 1613 is thus seen as the final landmark. The dissertation consists of three parts: 1) A brief theoretical introduction. 2) In the second part, the development of political, economic, and cultural relations between the Habsburgs and the rulers of the above-mentioned countries is depicted. 3) Interpretation so-called the second life these historical events in the Romanian and Czech historiography in the culture of both these nations. Keywords Transylvania; Wallachia; Moldavia; Bohemia lands; Early Modern; Long Turkish War Sigismund Bathory; Michael the Brave
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Tidally induced deformation of icy moons
Pleiner Sládková, Kateřina ; Souček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Rhoden, Alyssa (referee) ; Tosi, Nicola (referee)
Within this Ph.D. project, we have developed and validated a modeling methodol- ogy for the evaluation of the influence of friction in regional and global models of tidal deformation in icy bodies. We focus on the role of friction in two specific scenarios: (i) strike-slip faults within Europa's ice shell (expanding the model by Kalousová et al. (2016)), and (ii) the frictional behavior of fault system known as 'tiger stripes' at the south pole of Enceladus, building upon the 3D model of Enceladus' ice shell developed by Souček et al. (2019). Ad (i), we have developed a mathematical model predicting slip at the strike-slip fault, its neighboring bulk's deformation, and the region's thermal evolution driven by two dissipative processes. First, our investigation focuses on the mechanism of meltwa- ter generation, where results indicate a limited potential for generating near-subsurface meltwater and its confinement to the fault region. Second, we confirmed the physical validity of the 'tidal walking' concept, a theoretical model for generating lateral offsets on Europa's strike-slip faults. We show that fault penetration across the entire shell or reaching a sufficiently low-viscosity zone is necessary for producing observable offset, which is unlikely under current europan conditions. Also, our model's...
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The influence of menus in catering establishments on a sustainable development of tourism
Lochman, Josef ; Vágner, Jiří (advisor) ; Jehlička, Petr (referee) ; Matlovičová, Kvetoslava (referee)
Food accompanies a tourist's stay in a destination from the very beginning to the very end and significantly influences the overall travel experience. However, gastronomic experiences also have a significant impact on the environment, as food has to be produced, transported, and processed. This thesis addresses the environmental issue of tourists' diet in detail. The main purpose is to comprehensively approach the problem from several perspectives. Specifically, the thesis has four objectives: 1) to quantify the amount of food consumed globally in tourism and its environmental requirements; 2) to identify the potential drivers behind excessive negative pressure on the environment; 3) to evaluate the level of environmental sustainability of selected European urban destinations and 4) to consider possible opportunities for the sustainable development of a destination in relation to its gastronomic offer. In terms of theoretical framework, the thesis uses the concept of time geography and the theory of planned behaviour to demonstrate the importance of the role of catering facilities in the environmental sustainability of a destination. The reason for this is primarily the limited movement of tourists and their access to catering facilities. Another key element is the structure of local offer (menus),...
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Characterization of germline alterations affecting genes influencing development and prognosis of specific adult cancers
Jelínková, Sandra ; Kleibl, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Hlaváč, Viktor (referee) ; Hájková, Nikola (referee)
In my dissertation, I studied the genetic predisposition of selected types of cancer that have not been systematically studied in the Czech Republic. We used next-generation panel sequencing to identify germline pathogenic variants. Analysis of 1333 patients with ovarian cancer, 527 patients with endometrial cancer, and 334 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma included sequencing using the CZECANCA panel. A specific CZMELAC panel was prepared for the analysis of 264 melanoma patients. We focused on the identification of pathogenic variants in known predisposition genes. We also evaluated candidate genes and phenotypic characteristics in carriers of pathogenic variants. Analysis of high-risk melanoma patients revealed pathogenic variants in melanoma associated genes in 9/264 (3.4%) patients, and an additional 22 (8.3%) patients carried a pathogenic variant in one of the other predisposition genes. The odds of carrying a pathogenic variant were increased in probands with multiple melanomas and in the presence of melanoma in relatives. The incidence of germline pathogenic variants was highest in ovarian cancer, where pathogenic variants were found in 427/1332 (32.0%) patients, with a predominance of mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, followed by alterations in other ovarian predisposition genes. Breast and...
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A study of non-volatile nitroso compounds in brewing
Malečková, Michaela ; Sobotníková, Jana (advisor) ; Čabala, Radomír (referee) ; Karabín, Marcel (referee)
4 Abstract Nitroso compounds are beer contaminants related to carcinogenicity and can be naturally formed during brewing. They are generally categorized as volatile and non-volatile. Well-characterized and proven carcinogenic compounds are mostly volatile N-nitrosamines, whereas specific non-volatile nitroso compounds are nearly unknown even by structure. This deficiency limits improvements in health-risk assessment and control of beer. The present study focused on these barely known compounds in beer, related to their molecule structures and natural occurrence in beer and malt. Since these compounds form by nitrite reactions with naturally occurring compounds in beer or raw materials, the beer sample was parallelly treated by nitrite and isotopically labelled nitrite-15N at acidic conditions. Due to isotopic labelling, formed nitrite-related reaction products were distinguished by gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. By this approach, up to 22 unknown nitrite-related reaction products (N-products) were found and structurally studied from mass spectrometric fragmentation patterns. Besides previously found N-nitrosoproline and N-nitrosoproline ethyl ester, newly characterized compounds in beer were 4-cyanophenol, pyruvic acid oxime, 2-methoxy-5-nitrophenol, nitrosoguaiacol, and 4-nitrosophenol....
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Response of tree rings and NDVI of Central-European conifers to extreme climatic events
Mašek, Jiří ; Treml, Václav (advisor) ; Šilhán, Karel (referee) ; Piermattei, Alma (referee)
Terrestrial ecosystems, mainly forests are important sinks of atmospheric carbon with high year-to-year variability driven by moisture availability. Trees store carbon in various compartments of the biomass, namely in stems, roots, and leaves. In this doctoral thesis, I investigated climate-growth responses of stem biomass (represented by tree rings) and leaf biomass (represented by normalized difference vegetation index; NDVI) of Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies in temperate forests of Czechia. I was interested in (i) general climate-growth responses and specifically, in reactions to drought and (ii) topographical factors influencing these responses at various spatial scales. We demonstrated that climate-growth responses of both species' tree rings in the lowlands revealed a significant positive and negative influence of moisture and temperature, respectively, while in higher elevations the responses were opposite. At a landscape level, the topography of relief modulated responses of Pinus sylvestris tree rings, while at the large-scale level, the geographical position and elevation (temperature gradients) were the main factors for both species. Responses of NDVI were slightly weaker compared to tree rings and did not show the influence of topography at any scale probably because vegetation...
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Study of pyridine derivatives as potential antimycobacterial active drugs.
Nawrot, Daria Elżbieta ; Doležal, Martin (advisor) ; Musílek, Kamil (referee) ; Musiol, Robert (referee)
Univerzita Karlova, Farmaceutická fakulta v Hradci Králové Katedra Katedra farmaceutické chemie a farmaceutické analýzy Kandidát: Daria Nawrot Školitel: Prof. PharmDr. Martin Doležal, Ph.D. Název disertační práce: Studium derivátů pyridinu jako potenciálních antimykobakteriálních léčiv. Mimo období kdy tvořil COVID-19 největší hrozbu pro účinnost zdravotnických systémů na celosvětovém měřítku, zůstává tuberkuloza nejdůležitější příčinou úmrtí na infekční chorobu. Tato skutečnost, spolu se stoupající antibakteriální rezistencí, tvoří zásadní výzvu pro výzkum nových léčiv. Teoretická část tohoto komentáře krátce zvýrazňuje problematiku tuberkulozy a konkrétněji antimikrobiální rezistence. V experimentální části je vedena diskuze o návrhu, syntéze a biologickém hodnocení nových sloučenin zkoumaných během doktorského studia. Navržené sloučeniny byly připraveny a testovány na in vitro aktivitu proti vybraným mykobakteriálním kmenům (M. Avium, M. aurum, M. kansasii, M. smegmatis spolu s kmeny hlavního zájmu - Mtb H37Ra a H37Rv), osmi fungálním kmenům (Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Absidia corymbifera, a Trichophyton interdigitale) a osmi bakteriálním kmenům (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas...
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