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The Concept of Sovereignty of the People and the Political Party System in the First Czechoslovak Republic (1918-1938) and in the Czech Republic since 1993
Havel, Tomáš ; Kysela, Jan (advisor) ; Pithart, Petr (referee) ; Holländer, Pavol (referee)
The idea of sovereignty of the people offers a concept which allows searching for legitimacy of power. The legitimacy of power is one of the key structures establishing a relation between those who govern and those who are governed. Whether this relation is accepted, acceptable, functional, desirable or undesirable is a matter of finding the very definition of sovereignty of the people as such. The aim of this doctoral thesis, titled The Concept of Sovereignty of the People and the Political Party System in the First Czechoslovak Republic (1918 - 1938) and in the Czech Republic since 1993, is, firstly, to define the concepts of the people, on one hand, and sovereignty, on the other hand, in the historical, political and legal context from the ancient times up to now while reflecting the role of political parties in relation to the sovereignty of the people. Secondly, this thesis aims at exploring and describing the functioning of the party systems in the interwar Czechoslovakia and in the Czech Republic after 1993. Thirdly, this thesis seeks to answer the following questions: who represents the people in liberal democracies which are based on sovereignty of the people; how do the people exercise their power; and what is the role of the political parties in this process.
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Věkové a pohlavní rozdíly v GABAergní transmisi v substantia nigra pars reticulata u krys.
Chudomel, Ondřej ; Bojar, Martin (advisor) ; Vyklický, Ladislav (referee) ; Mareš, Pavel (referee)
Many experimental as well as clinical studies have shown that subcortical neuronal circuitries including the anterior part of the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNR) are closely involved in the control of seizures propagation and termination. In vivo studies in rats demonstrated that inhibition of the GABAergic SNRA electrical output increases the seizure threshold in the flurothyl model of generalized clonic seizures. The anticonvulsant properties of the SNRA are largely age- and sex-depended. In the current experiments were used 3 age groups of Sprague Dawley rats (PN5-9, PN11-16 and PN25-32 days, PN = postnatal) to study GABAergic inhibition. Two types of GABAergic inhibition were studied: a) a synaptic inhibition, which is generated by α1 and α3-containing GABAARs and b) a tonic inhibition mediated by extrasynaptic δ subunit-containing GABAARs. Immunohistochemistry showed that the α1 subunit expression was generally more abundant in adult rats and females while the α3 subunit dominated in the early development and gradually decreased by the age of PN30. The more α1 subunit was expressed the faster were the kinetics, higher the mean amplitudes and frequencies of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs). The α subunit subtype underlies sensitivity to zolpidem, which preferentially...
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Associational life in the town of Louny since 1861 till 1914
Vostřel, Martin ; Štěpánová, Irena (advisor) ; Petráňová, Lydie (referee) ; Drápala, Daniel (referee)
The objective of my work is to describe associational life in the town of Louny since 1861 to 1914. The years correspond with the year of "October Diploma" issue (1861), resp. the outbreak of World War I. (1914). In the first passages I tried to show the development of the town in the second half of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century from the urbanistic, demographical, industrial and political point of view. All these aspects influenced the associational life there. After the outline of the development of the associational life within the monarchy I aimed at it in Louny. I introduced various types of active notable local personalities in the profiles of Josef Havránek, the representative of the beginning of associational life; long-standing mayor Dr. Petr Hilbert, the owner of the local spa Josef Krýzl and extraordinary socially active woman Mrs Kristýna Ehrlichová. Then I aimed at associational activities in the town. I divided many of the societies into subchapters according to the prevailing orientation: choral dramatic and educational societies, walking and hiking, sport, womens' groups, Jewish associations and amusement societies. Associational life in Louny was influenced by its geographical position, at the Czech-German linguistic border. The town became the hub of...
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The investigation of low pressure HCPJ system for Ti02 film deposition
Perekrestov, Roman ; Kudrna, Pavel (advisor) ; Klusoň, Jan (referee) ; Straňák, Vítězslav (referee)
Title: The investigation of low pressure HCPJ system for TiO2 film deposition Author: Mgr. Roman Perekrestov Department / Institute: Department of Surface and Plasma Science Supervisor of the doctoral thesis: doc. Mgr. Pavel Kudrna, Dr. Abstract: Plasma sources are widely used for deposition of thin films for both commercial solutions as well as for research purposes. In particular, information about plasma parameters in such systems is of a great importance not only to ensure reproducibility, but also for the targeted influence on properties of deposited thin films. The aim of the dissertation was the study of plasma parameters with respect to the growth and properties of thin films deposited by means of HCPJ sputtering system. The investigated plasma system was plasma jet powered in DC mode. The diagnostics of the discharge was carried out by means of a cylindrical Langmuir probe, quadrupole mass and optical spectrometer. Neutral gas temperature in discharge was measured by an optic-fibre thermometer. The growth of nanoparticles in a gas phase was studied using scattering of laser beam light. For the diagnostics of Ti/TiO2 thin films were used XPS, SEM, AFM, TEM, XRD and EDX methods. The photovoltaic performance of TiO2 thin films was tasted in dye-sensitized solar cells. Keywords: plasma jet, Langmuir...
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Design and implementation of the plasma control system for the COMPASS tokamak
Janky, Filip ; Horáček, Jan (advisor) ; Kudrna, Pavel (referee) ; Svoboda, Vojtěch (referee)
Design and implementation of the plasma control system Mgr. Filip Janky The COMPASS tokamak was recommissioned in 2007 and it needed new digital controllers for its experimental research. This thesis presents the design and imple- mentation of control of main plasma parameters such as plasma current, plasma position, plasma shape and electron density. Improved plasma current control with resetting set points suppresses overshooting and thus increases the length of the flat top phase. A method for estimating the plasma position, gain tuning for the controller and decreasing latencies and delays to obtain robust position control are presented. Lower delays improve plasma stability and decrease the frequency of disruptions. The plasma shape controller is a feedforward controller with a method to suppress oscillations which are coming from mutual inductance between power supplies controlling plasma horizontal position, plasma shape and plasma current, which all use the same coil. Averaged electron density is corrected in real-time according to the interferometer line of sight and a non-linearity of measurement. Controllers and their improvements described here, played a major role in achiev- ing H-mode scenario and fulfilling the experimental program. Keywords: tokamak, plasma current control, plasma position...
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Morpho-Colorimetric and Non-Parametric Analyses in Statistical Classification of Vascular Flora (Classification in Image Analysis)
Frigau, Luca ; Antoch, Jaromír (advisor) ; Dohnal, Gejza (referee) ; Wilhelm, Adalbert F.X. (referee)
Luca Frigau Abstract of PhD thesis This dissertation deals with statistical methodologies to apply to morphological classification of seeds through extracting information directly from their digital images. It concentrates more on the classifi- cation task, trying to enhance the quality of prediction, and on the automatizing of the classification process. These tasks are very important in botany because they avoid human contradictions in seed classification and to save a lot of time to specialized botanists. Firstly we focused on describing all stages necessary to move from a picture containing raw information of scanned objects to a data matrix usable as input for further statistical analyses. We illustrated how to convert an image so as to enhance its inner contrast in order to get easier the image segmentation. It has been introduced an approach that adapts a widely used method for detecting moving objects from video, called background subtraction (foreground detection), to image segmentation framework. It has been shown how it assists segmentation process to get good results, and allows to automate the process when foreground color of images is not constant, as well as speeding it up significantly. Then methods for enhancing quality of objects and removing residual noise have been illustrated. At the end of...
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Does prenatal methamphetamine exposure induce cross-sensitisation to drugs in adult male and female rats?
Macúchová, Eva ; Šlamberová, Romana (advisor) ; Šulcová, Alexandra (referee) ; Valeš, Karel (referee)
Women, who abuse drugs during pregnancy, expose not just themselves but also their developing foetus to impairing effects, which can have potentially harmful and even long- term effects on the exposed children. For some years, methamphetamine (MA) has dominated the illicit drug market in the Czech Republic and Slovakia; additionally this drug is on the rise worldwide. It is one of the most accessible drugs, and in many cases the first choice drug for many drug-addicted pregnant women; in part due to its anorectic and stimulant effects. These women are rarely aware of the consequences of their behaviour and their pregnancy is hardly ever a good enough reason for giving up drug use. These findings are supported by many experimental studies that show the damaging effects of maternal MA exposure on their offspring. There is growing evidence that exposure to MA in utero not only causes birth defects and delays in infant development, but also impairs the brain reward neural pathways of a developing offspring in such a way, that it could increase the predisposition for drug addiction later in life. Previously published animal studies have shown that offspring of mothers exposed to MA during pregnancy are more sensitive to MA when they encounter this drug later in adulthood. With respect to increased...
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Hypothetical Judgements, Truth and Assertibility
Punčochář, Vít ; Kolman, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Sedlár, Igor (referee) ; Bílková, Marta (referee)
Vít Punčochář Dissertation: Hypothetical Judgements, Truth and Assertibility Abstract: The main topic of this thesis is the logic of indicative conditionals, i.e. sentences of the form If A then B. In classical logic, these sentences are analysed with the help of the so- called material implication. However, the analysis is problematic in many respects. Some chapters of the thesis are devoted to the explanation of the problems, which one necessarily faces when analysing conditionals with the apparatus of standard classical logic. The stress is laid upon the fact that here we are led to a paradoxical situation: some general principles of classical logic (e.g. the principle according to which one can infer If not-A then B from A or B) seem to be unquestionable, but they have very controversial consequences. In the thesis, attempts are presented to defend classical logic as well as to revise it. The approaches to the logical analysis of conditionals are classified into two basic kinds: the first one might be called ontic and the second one epistemic. The ontic approach defines all crucial semantic notions in terms of the concept of truth that is modelled in logic as a relation between sentences of a given language and states of affairs. In contrast, the epistemic approach is not based on the concept of truth...
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Structural and complexity questions of graph theory
Gavenčiak, Tomáš ; Kratochvíl, Jan (advisor) ; Hliněný, Petr (referee) ; Fomin, Fedor (referee)
DOCTORAL THESIS ABSTRACT Tomáš Gavenčiak Structural and complexity questions of graph theory The original cops and robber game, proposed in 1983 by Nowakowski and Winkler, and independently by Quilliot, is a two-player combinatorial pursuit game on a graph. Many related games have been introduced and studied since then, both with a purely game theoretic motivation and for their applications in graph theory and connections with graph width parameters. We give an overview of the field and present three particular results: We show bounds on the required number of cops for various connected intersection graph classes, most notably we show that on connected string graphs 15 cops always win. We show the game of cops and fast robber to be polynomially decidable on interval graphs and as a tool we generalise the problem of defensive domination and show a polynomial algorithm for interval graphs. Finally we propose and examine generalisations of tree-depth, marshals and robber games, and minors to hypergraphs and hypergraph pairs.
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Ion spectroscopy of reaction intermediates
Škríba, Anton ; Roithová, Jana (advisor) ; Stará, Irena (referee) ; Martinů, Tomáš (referee)
The combination of mass spectrometry, infrared action spectroscopy and quantum-chemical calculations provides a great tool for the study of the structures, properties and reactivities of molecules in the gas phase. This thesis is divided into two main parts. The first part reviews some of the experimental (ESI-MS, ion spectroscopy) and theoretical (DFT) methods used in this thesis and gives a brief description on instrumentation. Second part is presenting four practical applications of gas phase studies in organic and organometallic chemistry: (1) Describing the influence of two functional groups of para-aminophenol on the protonation site. (2) Presenting how the structure and conformation of diethylmalonate is affected by the coordination with silver and gold. (3) Showing the possibility to distinguish between the isobaric complexes and identifying the key intermediates of ruthenium catalyzed C-C coupling. (4) Discussing the possible use of He-tagging infrared spectra not only for structure determination but also for the benchmarking of DFT methods.
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