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Needs of patients with age related macular degeneration
Houdková, Eliška ; Jirkovský, Daniel (advisor) ; Haluzíková, Jana (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the area of specific needs in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to provide an overview of the changed needs of patients with AMD. Methods: To achieve the aim of the thesis, a questionnaire survey was conducted. The target group of the survey were patients undergoing anti-VEGF therapy at an unnamed eye clinic. A total of 70 questionnaires were included in the survey. Results: Based on the statistical evaluation of the data, it was found that AMD significantly affects the lives of respondents in many areas. The majority of respondents identified independence and self-sufficiency as the most affected aspect of their lives. More than half of the respondents (55.71 %) have problems with mobility and everyday activities. AMD also negatively affects the mental health of patients, 70 % of respondents are afraid of depression or anxiety. Respondents find meaning and fulfillment in life, especially in the areas of family and friends relationships, leisure activities, spiritual development, education, gratitude, and a positive attitude towards life. Conclusion: AMD has a complex impact on the lives of patients. It is important to provide patients with AMD with high-quality and accessible care that includes not only...
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Legal presumption of paternity determination vs. the material truth
Šimečková, Kateřina ; Salač, Josef (advisor) ; Zvára, Michael (referee)
Legal presumption of paternity determination vs. the material truth Abstract This work discusses the relationship between paternity determined by one of the legal presumptions of paternity determination, as defined by the Civil Code, and the material truth, or the possible contradiction between them, which the nature of the legal regulation allows. In the Czech Republic, the paternity determination is governed by a total of five legal presumptions, which are based on the probability of paternity determined by them - a first presumption testifying to the mother's husband ex lege, its conversion in favor of the second presumption in the case of divorcing marriage, a one-and-a-half presumption consisting of the father's consent to the mother's artificial insemination, a second presumption based on the parent's consent statement before the relevant public authority, and finally, a third presumption based on the fact of the intercourse between the father and the mother at a decisive time, when paternity is determined by a court decision based on the proposal of some of the concerned persons. However, it follows from the nature of the matter, that paternity determined in this way does not have to be in conformity with biological paternity. The legal presumptions can be a means of quick and effective resolving...
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A platform for creating and sharing interactive educational materials based on data from knowledge graphs
Matějík, Jakub ; Nečaský, Martin (advisor) ; Stenchlák, Štěpán (referee)
In this thesis, we will explore the possibilities of Solid technology and the use of Solid for application implementation. This application will be used to create mind maps and social networking for teachers and students. In order to do this, we will analyze the features of Solid for designing a social network application and its features and suitable use cases. Based on this analysis and user requirements, we will design the architecture along with the operations to make them convenient for the user. Next, we will learn about the concepts in Linked Data and analyze knowledge bases for use in our application. The result is implementing a proof-of-concept application that allows the intuitive creation of mind maps and their sharing within classes. 1
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Effect of dysbiosis on proportion of particular neutrophil subsets and their functional capacities
Sklenářová, Lydie ; Hrdý, Jiří (advisor) ; Dobeš, Jan (referee)
The gut microbiota is crucial for maintaining physiological balance and influences metabolic processes, immune responses, and intestinal barrier function. Dysbiosis, or the imbalance of microbial composition, is associated with a range of health complications, including chronic inflammatory conditions such as non-specific intestinal inflammations. Inflammatory processes associated with dysbiosis and changes in microbial metabolites can directly affect the activation of neutrophils, impacting the pathogenesis of various diseases. Probiotics, defined as live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host, offer the potential for positive modulation of these inflammatory conditions The aim of this thesis was to explore how experimentally induced intestinal dysbiosis affects the heterogeneity of neutrophils in the bone marrow. Dysbiosis was induced by administering antibiotics to mice, which were subsequently treated with the probiotic strain Escherichia coli O83:K24:H31 (EcO83). Neutrophil phenotypes were assessed using flow cytometry based on the expression of surface markers CD11b, Ly6G, CD62L, and CXCR2. Meanwhile, gene expression related to their antimicrobial functions and the inflammatory environment was analyzed by quantitative PCR. The results...
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Development of LC-MS method for compounds used for determination of cytochrome activity
Smolík, Martin ; Lochman, Lukáš (advisor) ; Horáček, Ondřej (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis Candidate: Bc. Martin Smolík Supervisor: PharmDr. Lukáš Lochman, Ph.D. Consultant: prof. PharmDr. Petr Pávek, Ph.D. Title of thesis: Development of LC-MS method for compounds used for determination of cytochrome activity. Cytochromes P450 (CYP450) are enzymes that play a key role in the metabolism of xenobiotics and some endobiotics (cholesterol, steroid hormones, and eicosanoids). They are present in the liver, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and kidneys. Determination of CYP450 activity is a valuable tool to detect drug interactions resulting from inhibition or induction of various isoforms of this enzyme. This thesis is devoted to the development and validation of a new analytical method using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of activity CYP450 isoforms 3A4, 2C9, and 2B6, which are crucial for the metabolism of many drugs and biologically active substances. In the framework of this thesis, a new method was developed providing a fast, accurate, and reliable measurement of the activity of these enzymes based on the quantification of specific CYP450 substrates, namely midazolam (3A4), diclofenac (2C9), bupropion (2B6) and their...
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The testing of familiar relationship in the identification genetics
Bobková, Alena ; Vaněk, Daniel (advisor) ; Zemanová, Zuzana (referee)
This bachelor's thesis analyses kinship testing in identification genetics, which is a discipline enabling the genetic identification of individuals and the determination of genetic relatedness between them. This thesis covers a wide range of applications from forensic analysis through genealogical studies to biodiversity conservation. This field has been rapidly growing and gaining on importance since the 1980s, when the foundations of DNA fingerprinting were laid based on the discovery of hypervariable minisatellite regions in the genome. This thesis aims to provide an overview of methods and techniques that are used for genetic identification and kinship testing. The thesis discusses genetic markers such as STRs or SNPs, which are the basis for genetic profiling, are discussed. In addition statistical methods for evaluating genetic match and methodologies for determining the probability of kinship are also discussed. Finally, practical applications of identification genetics are presented, including its use in forensic science or in case of solving genealogical questions. The potential and future development of the technologies and their impact on society is discussed at the end of the thesis. Thus, the thesis contributes to a better understanding of the importance and opportunities of...
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Mesocestoides spp. - the spectrum of species, hosts, and life cycle modes
Zavadil, Ondřej ; Horák, Petr (advisor) ; Skála, Vladimír (referee)
Tapeworms of the genus Mesocestoides, which belong to the order Cyclophyllidea, are parasites of carnivorous vertebrates. Their larvalstages of tetrathyridiaare found in a wide range of tetrapod intermediate hosts. Within the genus, there is an anomalous species Mesocestoides corti, whose tetrathyridia reproduce in hosts by asexual longitudinal division. There is no mention of the possibility of such reproduction in other species. Thus, the laboratory strain of M. corti is widely used as a model organism that is well maintained under in vivo and in vitro conditions due to its asexual reproduction. Four other species are known to occur in the genus and are described by both morphological and molecular data. The remaining known species are named only on the basis of morphology. Adults are characterised by their rare morphology. This includes the ventromedian position of the genital atrium, the paired vitelline glands, and in gravid proglotids, developed paruterine organ, which contains eggs with oncospheres. The life cycle has not been yet explained, but it is assumed that the putative cycle involves three hosts. An alternative hypothesis considers the possibility of a two-host life cycle.
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Conflict prevention and de-escalation in pediatric nursing
Prosová, Iveta ; Raudenská, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Vlachová, Marie (referee)
Background: This paper focuses on conflict prevention and de-escalation in pediatric nursing. Aims: The theoretical aim of this thesis is to review relevant information on conflict prevention and de-escalation in paediatric nursing from the available Czech and international literature. The obtained knowledge is to be sorted, critically assessed and evaluated. The empirical aim of this thesis is to carry out quantitative research using a non-standardized questionnaire distributed distributed to nurses working in paediatric inpatient wards of Motol University Hospital, to statistically process and evaluate the obtained data and to formulate conclusions and recommendations on conflict prevention and de-escalation for practice based on the results of the questionnaire survey. Methodology: The research was conducted in the form of a non-standardized anonymous questionnaire of our own design, distributed to paediatric, general and practical nurses working in the paediatric wards at Motol Hospital. 144 correctly completed questionnaires are included in the final study. Results: The research survey revealed that although 72% of nurses consider education on conflict prevention and de-escalation important, only 21% of nurses have received such education in the last 5 years. Of the 68% of nurses who report...
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Analysis of the success of category A contestants in the Geography Olympiad on the example of the Praha-východ district
Konečný, Jaroslav ; Jelen, Jakub (advisor) ; Krajňáková, Lenka (referee)
The present bachelor thesis deals with the analysis of the success rate of the competitors of category A of the district round of the Geography Olympiad on the basis of their preparation for the competition. The model region of Prague-East was chosen for the analysis. The aim of the thesis is how the contestants prepared for the competition and what aspects of their preparation played a role in their subsequent success in the competition. A sub-objective was to find out whether geographically gifted pupils are found among the most successful competitors. These objectives were narrowed down to a number of research questions to which answers were sought using a questionnaire survey and focus group interviews. It was found that the preparation for the competition varied among the competitors. Some aspects of preparation play a more important role than others. A possible deficiency in some students' preparedness may be little or no involvement by teachers in the preparation process. Key words aptitude in geography, gifted student, preparation for the competition, Geography Olympiad
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Interference in the photochemical generation of volatile Se species using TiO2 photocatalyst
Nentvich, Daniel ; Nováková, Eliška (advisor) ; Hraníček, Jakub (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the study of interferences in the method of UV-photochemical vapour generation of volatile Se species in formic acid media catalysed by nanocrystalline titanium dioxide. High resolution continuum source atomic absorption spectrometry was used for detection. It was observed that SeVI was less resistant to pH change relative to SeIV , while at pH = 2.3, a 20% increase in response was observed for this specie. It was further observed that both the generated volatile SeIV and SeVI species are resistant to UV radiation in the gas phase. The Cu2+ and Ag+ ions were particularly significant interferents in the SeIV determination. Interference behaviour was also observed for Cd2+ ions and silver nanoparticles. In the case of Cd2+ ions, the generation of cadmium selenide was likely observed. For Zn2+ , Fe2+ , Co2+ ions, there was an increase in response of more than 30% and 40%, in case of Ni2+ ions. The Co2+ and Ni2+ ions were chosen as reaction modifiers. For the UV-photochemical vapour generation of selenium species with photocatalyst and reaction modifiers, there was a 4-fold improvement in detection limits and limits of quantification compared to the method without these modifiers. In addition, the overall generation efficiencies for SeIV (64.7 %) and SeVI (68.6 %) were...
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