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A resilient democracy? The German political parties' stance on disinformation in the context of the federal elections between 2017 and 2021
Nusková, Nikola ; Lizcová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Handl, Vladimír (referee)
The submitted diploma thesis examines the activities of German political parties in combating disinformation leading up to the elections to the German Bundestag from 2017 to 2021. In light of past experiences, where foreign interference in democratic decision-making proceses has been repeatedly observed abroad, questions regarding the security of elections have also arisen in Germany. Therefore, the goal of this diploma thesis is to map the attitudes, measures and discussions of German political parties on the topic of disinformation and fake news in relation to Bundestag elections, utilizing a single-case study approach. Considering concerns about whether the adopted legislation might restrict freedom of speech, the concept of resilient democracy is also taken into account in the thesis. As stated in the introduction of the thesis, in ordinary communication, the terms disinformation and fake news are often conflated or overlapped, with the main assumption being that both terms refer to deliberately spread falsehoods with hostile intensions. Nevertheless, a more detailed definition of these and other related terms is provided in the first chapter. The second chapter of the thesis focuses on the German environment, addresing perceived threats to Bundestag elections and presenting the active leading...
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ODA as an actor in the formation of the right and Czech conservatism
Brožová, Karolina ; Perottino, Michel (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
The thesis deals with the formation of the Czech conservative right with the Civic Democratic Alliance in the leading role. It describes how the party participated in the transformation of the political system and describes its most significant moments. Since the germs of right-wing thinking can be found in the communist environment, the thesis also captures the risks that this entailed at the time. The aim is also to capture the party's profiling on the political ground, so its basic political themes and electoral programmes, which were often difficult to grasp in political practice, will be portrayed. It therefore focuses not only on the party's achievements in a relatively short time interval, but also on the affairs that have had an impact on the party. From the first to the second section, the thesis discusses party theory, party families, and the two core ideologies that initially inspired the founders of the Civic Democratic Alliance in detail. The theoretical framework thus helps to understand the principles on which the party operated and the programmatic values it drew upon. From the third section onwards, the thesis analyses the Civic DemocraticAlliance in detail. It concludes by answering the main goals of conservatism and how this ideology took shape. It also assesses the role of the Civic...
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Attitudes of Czech Political Parties on Crypto Assets
Kern, Lukáš ; Stauber, Jakub (advisor) ; Cirhan, Tomáš (referee)
The Czech Republic is going to approve the European-wide MiCA regulation, that regulates crypto assets in all member states of the European Union. So far, Czech political parties have not expressed their opinion toward crypto assets, even though there are many successful active companies within this sector in the Czech Republic. The main goal of this thesis is to find out the views of Czech political parties on the regulation of crypto assets and the MiCA. In order to achieve this goal, there were several in-depth interviews carried out with politicians and representatives of companies that do business in the crypto sector. Additionally, publicly available sources shared by the political subjects were examined. According to the gathered information, there is no political party, that addresses the topic of crypto assets thoroughly. However, there are individual politicians from parties ODS, TOP 09, ANO 2011, and Piráti, who devote their time to the topic of crypto assets, and they are aware of the main issues within the current solution. It is a question, whether they will find political support within their political parties to improve the local conditions and smooth implementation of MiCA regulation.
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Conservatism as a political ideology in Czech left-wing parties
Novotný, Jáchym ; Stauber, Jakub (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
This master thesis focuses on conservatism as a political ideology in Czech left-wing parties. The aim of the thesis is to answer several research questions. The most important one is whether elements of conservative ideology appear in the programs and other materials of selected Czech left-wing political parties. Subsequent questions build on the first one, aiming to determine in which periods conservatism appears in the programs and other materials of the examined parties and whether these parties deliberately seek to overcome the differences between conservatism and socialism, or whether they simply accept elements of conservatism that are not in conflict with left-wing ideologies. These questions are answered through content analysis of the programs and other materials of three political parties: the Czech Social Democratic Party (ČSSD), the Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia (KSČM), and the Left. In addition to the analysis of programs and other materials, the thesis also includes a theoretically oriented chapter that deals with the individual political ideologies under study and their directions or branches. In conclusion, it is stated that elements of conservatism appear in the programs of all three analyzed parties, with clearly the fewest identified in the programs and other materials...
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Anti-establishment Parties: Threat to Democracy or Chance to its New Equilibrium?
Červinka, Lukáš Lev ; Wintr, Jan (advisor) ; Přibáň, Jiří (referee) ; Pin, Andrea (referee)
(English) Anti-Establishment Parties: Threat to Democracy or Chance for Its New Equilibrium? The thesis focuses on the anti-establishment parties from the perspective of constitutional theory, also considering the sociological theoretical approaches of Niklas Luhmann, Charles Taylor, and Benedict Anderson. The primary purpose of the work is to explore how the establishment, as an empirical contextualisation of democracy and structural coupling between the state and the people, might be conceptualised and what role the political parties play in it. First, the thesis proposes a theoretical conceptualisation of establishment as a structural coupling between the constitutional identity of state and the popular identity of the political people. Both the state and the political people are understood as autopoietic organisational systems defined by their constitutional / popular imaginaries, which are articulated by their organisational structures. The work adapts the integrative theory of Rudolf Smend in the understanding of the organisational structure as a system of personal, procedural, and value elements. The role of the parliamentary parties is analysed through the examination of their legislative activity in parliament, using the holistic grading method to determine the anti-establishment rate of...
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ODA as an actor in the formation of the right and Czech conservatism
Brožová, Karolina ; Perottino, Michel (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
The aim of this thesis will be to characterize the formation of Czech conservative and rightwing thinking in political practice, which seemed to be something completely unimaginable in the communist environment of the time. Although the roots of Anglo-Saxon conservatism go back to the 18th century, it is difficult to define it as a modern ideology at this time. Its meaning has evolved and changed over time, but in some ways it could be said that the basic principles of conservatism have survived to this day. In this thesis, I will primarily reflect on values such as freedom, equality, property, tradition and morality because it is these values that the ODA, as the primary actor with which this thesis is primarily concerned, drew upon in a society shaped by communism and the vision of socialism as the only possible path for the emergence of rightwing politics.
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Independent regulator as a public authority
Klimentová, Eliška ; Pomahač, Richard (referee)
This dissertation thesis presents the elaboration of the issue of Czech independent authorities on the basis of empirical data. For the purposes of the dissertation, an extensive dataset was created, which covers 16 central administrative authorities, the Czech National Bank and the Supreme Audit Office monitored in the period 1993-2021. The dataset also contains data on the heads of these institutions, their professional backgrounds, links to political parties and chances of completing their mandate. A sub-objective of the dissertation is to conduct a quantitative assessment of the formal (de iure) independence of the institutions based on the internationally used Gilardi index. The results of the assessment are useful for categorizing independent administrative authorities and for comparing them internationally. The assessment of formal independence primarily represents a first and necessary step for follow-up research, and the results are included as input data for subsequent analysis. For the purposes of this thesis, a Gilardi index was constructed for 18 Czech institutions (a total of 394 individual independence index values) since 1993. In order to compile the index, it was necessary to analyse the legal regulation of the institutional set-up of the surveyed institutions, including the...
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Parliamentary representation in the Czech Republic: deputies and senators in a time of crisis of representative democracy and party government
Jágr, David ; Perottino, Michel (advisor) ; Gjuričová, Adéla (referee) ; Kuta, Martin (referee)
The Czech party system underwent significant reconfiguration in the second decade of the 21st century. The presented research focuses on MPs (deputies) and senators navigating this dynamic environment, specifically examining their perception of the parliamentary mandate. The text describes the representatives' relationships with citizens, parties, and constituencies, and explores changes in these relationships from a long-term perspective. Special attention is given to legislators from new parliamentary groups, especially those who define themselves against the elites and the party government model. These representatives distinguish themselves by emphasising a direct connection with the people and the return of power from the elites to the people, suggesting a different understanding of their mandate. The core of the research covers the parliamentary election period from 2017 to 2021, when half of the Chamber of Deputies consisted of populist movements. Additionally, the research takes into account other political developments and previous studies on Czech parliamentary representatives and debates concerning the crisis of representative democracy. The upper chamber's environment is also examined in detail. The research also addresses the overlooked issue of politics as a profession. An added value...
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Comparison of the functioning of regional political parties in the Czech Republic
Trubička, Vít ; Stauber, Jakub (advisor) ; Jüptner, Petr (referee)
This master thesis would be about Czech political parties, which are active at the regional level of Czech politics. The interest of research is their activity and the operation of these single political parties, what has the impact on the function, how are the political parties based, and how wide is their agenda. This is set up due to institutional factors and the election system due to the largeness of the municipalities and the party agendas. It depends, on whether they're a business firm party at the local level, a party against big parties cartels, or an environmental party. For the program of regional parties is important the regional variety, which is set by the social and economic situation in the regions. The point of research will be the development of regional political parties in the Czech Republic since the year 1993 when these kinds of parties were established. The important year for the parties' evolution will be the year 2000 when the regional structure of the Czech self-government was based on. In comparison to the research will be also other European regional political parties see, how different these in the Czech Republic are. In the Czech Republic are some different types of political parties that are based on their province.
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Independent regulator as a public authority
Klimentová, Eliška ; Gerloch, Aleš (advisor) ; Handrlica, Jakub (referee) ; Svatoň, Jan (referee)
This dissertation thesis presents the elaboration of the issue of Czech independent authorities on the basis of empirical data. For the purposes of the dissertation, an extensive dataset was created, which covers 16 central administrative authorities, the Czech National Bank and the Supreme Audit Office monitored in the period 1993-2021. The dataset also contains data on the heads of these institutions, their professional backgrounds, links to political parties and chances of completing their mandate. A sub-objective of the dissertation is to conduct a quantitative assessment of the formal (de iure) independence of the institutions based on the internationally used Gilardi index. The results of the assessment are useful for categorizing independent administrative authorities and for comparing them internationally. The assessment of formal independence primarily represents a first and necessary step for follow-up research, and the results are included as input data for subsequent analysis. For the purposes of this thesis, a Gilardi index was constructed for 18 Czech institutions (a total of 394 individual independence index values) since 1993. In order to compile the index, it was necessary to analyse the legal regulation of the institutional set-up of the surveyed institutions, including the...
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