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Anti-establishment Parties: Threat to Democracy or Chance to its New Equilibrium?
Červinka, Lukáš Lev ; Wintr, Jan (advisor) ; Přibáň, Jiří (referee) ; Pin, Andrea (referee)
(English) Anti-Establishment Parties: Threat to Democracy or Chance for Its New Equilibrium? The thesis focuses on the anti-establishment parties from the perspective of constitutional theory, also considering the sociological theoretical approaches of Niklas Luhmann, Charles Taylor, and Benedict Anderson. The primary purpose of the work is to explore how the establishment, as an empirical contextualisation of democracy and structural coupling between the state and the people, might be conceptualised and what role the political parties play in it. First, the thesis proposes a theoretical conceptualisation of establishment as a structural coupling between the constitutional identity of state and the popular identity of the political people. Both the state and the political people are understood as autopoietic organisational systems defined by their constitutional / popular imaginaries, which are articulated by their organisational structures. The work adapts the integrative theory of Rudolf Smend in the understanding of the organisational structure as a system of personal, procedural, and value elements. The role of the parliamentary parties is analysed through the examination of their legislative activity in parliament, using the holistic grading method to determine the anti-establishment rate of...
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ODA as an actor in the formation of the right and Czech conservatism
Brožová, Karolina ; Perottino, Michel (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
The aim of this thesis will be to characterize the formation of Czech conservative and rightwing thinking in political practice, which seemed to be something completely unimaginable in the communist environment of the time. Although the roots of Anglo-Saxon conservatism go back to the 18th century, it is difficult to define it as a modern ideology at this time. Its meaning has evolved and changed over time, but in some ways it could be said that the basic principles of conservatism have survived to this day. In this thesis, I will primarily reflect on values such as freedom, equality, property, tradition and morality because it is these values that the ODA, as the primary actor with which this thesis is primarily concerned, drew upon in a society shaped by communism and the vision of socialism as the only possible path for the emergence of rightwing politics.
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Independent regulator as a public authority
Klimentová, Eliška ; Pomahač, Richard (referee)
This dissertation thesis presents the elaboration of the issue of Czech independent authorities on the basis of empirical data. For the purposes of the dissertation, an extensive dataset was created, which covers 16 central administrative authorities, the Czech National Bank and the Supreme Audit Office monitored in the period 1993-2021. The dataset also contains data on the heads of these institutions, their professional backgrounds, links to political parties and chances of completing their mandate. A sub-objective of the dissertation is to conduct a quantitative assessment of the formal (de iure) independence of the institutions based on the internationally used Gilardi index. The results of the assessment are useful for categorizing independent administrative authorities and for comparing them internationally. The assessment of formal independence primarily represents a first and necessary step for follow-up research, and the results are included as input data for subsequent analysis. For the purposes of this thesis, a Gilardi index was constructed for 18 Czech institutions (a total of 394 individual independence index values) since 1993. In order to compile the index, it was necessary to analyse the legal regulation of the institutional set-up of the surveyed institutions, including the...
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Parliamentary representation in the Czech Republic: deputies and senators in a time of crisis of representative democracy and party government
Jágr, David ; Perottino, Michel (advisor) ; Gjuričová, Adéla (referee) ; Kuta, Martin (referee)
The Czech party system underwent significant reconfiguration in the second decade of the 21st century. The presented research focuses on MPs (deputies) and senators navigating this dynamic environment, specifically examining their perception of the parliamentary mandate. The text describes the representatives' relationships with citizens, parties, and constituencies, and explores changes in these relationships from a long-term perspective. Special attention is given to legislators from new parliamentary groups, especially those who define themselves against the elites and the party government model. These representatives distinguish themselves by emphasising a direct connection with the people and the return of power from the elites to the people, suggesting a different understanding of their mandate. The core of the research covers the parliamentary election period from 2017 to 2021, when half of the Chamber of Deputies consisted of populist movements. Additionally, the research takes into account other political developments and previous studies on Czech parliamentary representatives and debates concerning the crisis of representative democracy. The upper chamber's environment is also examined in detail. The research also addresses the overlooked issue of politics as a profession. An added value...
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Comparison of the functioning of regional political parties in the Czech Republic
Trubička, Vít ; Stauber, Jakub (advisor) ; Jüptner, Petr (referee)
This master thesis would be about Czech political parties, which are active at the regional level of Czech politics. The interest of research is their activity and the operation of these single political parties, what has the impact on the function, how are the political parties based, and how wide is their agenda. This is set up due to institutional factors and the election system due to the largeness of the municipalities and the party agendas. It depends, on whether they're a business firm party at the local level, a party against big parties cartels, or an environmental party. For the program of regional parties is important the regional variety, which is set by the social and economic situation in the regions. The point of research will be the development of regional political parties in the Czech Republic since the year 1993 when these kinds of parties were established. The important year for the parties' evolution will be the year 2000 when the regional structure of the Czech self-government was based on. In comparison to the research will be also other European regional political parties see, how different these in the Czech Republic are. In the Czech Republic are some different types of political parties that are based on their province.
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Independent regulator as a public authority
Klimentová, Eliška ; Gerloch, Aleš (advisor) ; Handrlica, Jakub (referee) ; Svatoň, Jan (referee)
This dissertation thesis presents the elaboration of the issue of Czech independent authorities on the basis of empirical data. For the purposes of the dissertation, an extensive dataset was created, which covers 16 central administrative authorities, the Czech National Bank and the Supreme Audit Office monitored in the period 1993-2021. The dataset also contains data on the heads of these institutions, their professional backgrounds, links to political parties and chances of completing their mandate. A sub-objective of the dissertation is to conduct a quantitative assessment of the formal (de iure) independence of the institutions based on the internationally used Gilardi index. The results of the assessment are useful for categorizing independent administrative authorities and for comparing them internationally. The assessment of formal independence primarily represents a first and necessary step for follow-up research, and the results are included as input data for subsequent analysis. For the purposes of this thesis, a Gilardi index was constructed for 18 Czech institutions (a total of 394 individual independence index values) since 1993. In order to compile the index, it was necessary to analyse the legal regulation of the institutional set-up of the surveyed institutions, including the...
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Political institutes in the Czech Republic - political communication and managerial relationship with parent subjects
Dolejš, Jakub ; Konrádová, Marcela (advisor) ; Shavit, Anna (referee)
This thesis examines the managerial relationship of selected political institutes in the Czech Republic with their parent entities from the perspective of political management theory, specifically through the function of political planning. Furthermore, the author applies theoretical concepts related to political institutes to this relationship. The second area of research is the political institutes' communication within their activities and the targeted audiences of their communication. Thus, the thesis investigates whether institutes in the Czech Republic are autonomous in setting their agenda based on data obtained from semi-structured interviews with representatives of policy institutes in the Czech Republic. The interviews and analysis were supplemented with data from content analysis of key documents of political institutes, such as founding documents, statutes or websites. The thesis thus contributes to an area that has not yet been academically explored.
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Political ideologies in the local politics of selected Czech towns
Šebesta, Jan ; Hána, David (advisor) ; Kostelecký, Tomáš (referee)
The thesis deals with political ideologies in the local politics of selected cities in Czechia. The aim of the research is to explore whether political parties at local level are formed by political ideologies and to find out what their ideological positions are affected by. To represent political ideologies, I have chosen two ideological dimensions (the left-right economic dimension and the GAL-TAN socio-cultural dimension), of which 10 parties in 33 selected Czech cities were evaluated. The thesis is primarily based on data from the "Election calculator" for elections to municipal councils in 2022. Based on its questions, an evaluation scale was created for each dimension, which determines the ideological positions of parties in selected cities. The thesis thus verifies the applicability of the concept of ideological dimensions at the local level in Czechia. The theoretical part of the thesis describes political ideologies and the possibilities of their classification. The chapter mainly discusses the meaning and the defining characteristics of ideological dimensions. Factors that affect the ideological positions of the parties and the specifics of Czech politics are also discussed, with a focus on its local level. In the methodological part, the possibilities of commonly used research methods of...
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Zastoupení žen v národních parlamentech západní a východní Evropy: Srovnání Španělska a Ukrajiny
Rushynets, Anna
This thesis compares the share of women in the parliament in Spain with those in Ukraine in the period from 1945 to 2019 by using cultural, political, socio-economic factors, and indicators such as HDI, IHDI, GDI, GII. The thesis describes the representation of women in its historical development in the parliaments of Spain and Ukraine, using given conditions which have influence the share of women in national parliaments, and the factors that determined the attitude of parliamentary parties to gender equality at the level of national politics. The thesis compares the historical development of representation of women, given factors, and indicators and attitudes of political parties in Spain and Ukraine. Based on the results of is comparison, it was exemplifies that the high proportion of women in the Congress of Deputies of Spain is a consequence of the established gender policy of the state and the imposition of compulsory electoral quotas, and sanctions for its violation. In conclusion, there are recommendations for Ukraine to improve the current state of the issue.
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