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Living in Intensive Urban Structures
Zadražilová, Miroslava ; Urbášková, Hana (referee) ; Šimeček, Pavel (referee) ; Vitková, Lubica (referee) ; Menšíková, Naděžda (advisor)
As a result of changes in the society, such as the increasing mobility, increasing spatial demandindgness of inhabitants and the onset of digital technologies, the architects and urbanists have been searching for new ways of urban housing developments. One of these ways is densification, i.e. an intensive use of the urban space. An intensive urban structure uses up the potential of a place to its maximum, solves several issues simultaneously and is a functional hybrid, the home of potential suburbanizers and a place of social contacts. It comes from the efforts to solve the particular issue of an over-populated, collapsing city. The aim of the thesis is to show contemporary approaches to the issue of intensive urban structures and to map out both the built and unbuilt projects. The thesis creates a system of their categorization and taxonomy. There is always a mixture of functions in play from the functional perspective. One can distinguish five categories according to the spacial conception. These categories are as follows: multiplicity, porousness, hybridity, connectivity and verticality. The public and semi-public spaces thus move to the higher levels of the city, into the city level, urban balcony or the hybrid landscape. The built projects usually tend to be impulses, in relation to the original city, to develop and revitalize the devastated city areas, brownfields, even urban sprawls. Based on the findings of this thesis, diploma and pre-diploma project assignments have been created at the architecture department at FAST VUT in Brno and the approaches to the issue have been tested in the pedagogical process. The survey in the second part of the thesis looks for the answer to the question of whether the potential inhabitants of an intensive urban structure exist, and who these people might be.
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Constitutional Rights: An Internal Critique
Abel, Martin ; Ondřejek, Pavel (advisor) ; Tryzna, Jan (referee) ; Káčer, Marek (referee) ; Kyritsis, Dimitrios (referee)
Constitutional Rights: An Internal Critique Martin Abel Abstract Proportionality test is a core instrument of human rights law. In one of its steps, governments must convince the courts that limiting the right pursued a legitimate aim. The right-holders, however, are saved the effort. Without obvious reasons why, the courts take legitimacy of individual action for granted. Due to this asymmetry, even malicious or hateful conduct enjoys at least prima facie protection, as long as it is subsumable under one of the listed rights. The thesis explains the proportionality test asymmetry by its relation to one particular conception of rights, called the I-conception. Under the I-conception, rights are abstract principles that ought to be realised to the highest degree. It is based on the philosophy of Thomas Hobbes or Immanuel Kant who insisted that all limits of natural rights must be the product of will. The thesis presents an alternative conception of rights, one that anchors rights in critical morality, making them subject to limits from natural law, too. It argues that such was the conception of rights among famous Christian-Aristotelian philosophers and that even John Locke properly understood is the heir of this tradition. The thesis sources heavily from the works of intellectual historians in order to show...
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Metafictional novels of the 30s and 40s in the Czech literature
SELNER, Ondřej
This doctoral thesis focuses on literary texts containing speech acts that are in literary history and theory usually known as self-reflexive. In the first part author attempts to find inspirations for self-reflexivity in a broader historical and cultural European context as well as its potential connections to modernism. Then it tries to find relations between these modernist tendencies and Czech literary production of the day. It also deals with different views of self-reflexivity in the Czech literary theory. After dealing with these perspectives and after analysis of their potential drawbacks, thesis then moves to an attempt to find a precise meaning of self-reflexivity with respect to the term itself. On that account it analyses reflexive philosophy of major philosophers of the 1st half of the 20th century - Edmund Husserl, Jean-Paul Sartre, Martin Heidegger and Maurice Merleau-Ponty. The analysis of relevant works of these philosophers dealing with reflexivity leads to the formulation of a thought-map that embodies evident parallels between self-reflexivity in literature and reflexivity in philosophy. In order to verify these parallels, thesis then focuses on interpretation of major texts of Czech literature that are usually considered to be prototypes of self-reflexive novels. These are works Hra doopravdy by Richard Weiner, Rozhraní by Václav Řezáč and Hlava umělce by Milada Součková.
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Justification and Limits of State Coercion in Liberal Democracies: Reconciling Binding Welfare State Policies and a Reformed Classical Liberalism
Wedekind, Peter ; Salamon, Janusz (advisor) ; Fiorctos, Karl Orfeo (referee) ; Simon, Stephen A. (referee)
CHARLES UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Institute of Political Studies Department of Political Science Peter Wedekind Justification and Limits of State Coercion in Liberal Democracies: Reconciling Binding Welfare State Policies and a Reformed Classical Liberalism Dissertation Thesis Abstract - English Prague 2022 Abstract In this thesis I defend the claim that classical liberalism has the capacity to justify meritocratic state policies that promote greater equality of opportunity. Correspondingly, I adopt an approach uncommon among scholars following the tradition of classical liberalism, given that I conclude with a position that is more frequently associated with the postulates of social welfare egalitarians, such as publicly funded higher education. This strategy serves as a reply to contemporary critiques of liberal democracies and implies that liberalism is endowed with the tools to address the flaws its own (neoliberal) manifestation has brought about. Skyrocketing socio-economic inequalities as well as the marketization trend which, among other things, crowds-out the traditional values of higher education and corrupts a public institution crucial for social mobility into a privilege of plutocratic elites, are just two examples. To support this argument, I discuss several consecutive claims:...
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Determinants of Environmental Concern
Vrbíková, Lucie ; Soukup, Petr (advisor) ; Hendl, Jan (referee)
The thesis "Determinants of environmental concern" is a quantitative analysis that deals with determinants of environmental concern, the scale of new ecological paradigm, environmental behavior and ecological activism. It uses data from an international survey "International Social Survey Project Environment III" from year 2010. Strong predictors came out from the analysis, mainly cultural differences of the respondents and education. The inhabitants of Western Europe and English speaking countries have the strongest environmental concern, in contrast, in post communist countries of Eastern Europe is this concern the smallest. Post materialists and inhabitants of the richer countries have stronger environmental concern and they believe more in science and progress solving ecological problems. The perception of consequences of ecological problems on everyday life is also a strong determinant from which suffers mostly localities out of Europe. The recycling waste is most often carried away in Western Europe and English speaking countries. A strong correlation is between finished education and environmental concern as well as ecological activism, there is a weaker connection to saving natural resources.
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The Relationship of Hedonism and Humanism
Jerman, Ondřej ; Jirsa, Jakub (advisor) ; Švec, Ondřej (referee)
The diploma thesis discusses the relationship between humanism and hedonism. However, its main objective is not to explain the terms in their summarized historical relatedness but to point out their internal coherence. The fundamental issue the thesis deals with is the fact that sentient beings suffer from sorrow. Enumerating the reasons why it is important to search for a solution would be a waste of our reader's time. It is necessary to understand that we don't expect empirical science to solve the problem since - despite the enthusiasm significant for this modern period - has not introduced any relief from sorrow. Here comes the opportunity for philosophy and, eventually, ethics. In its first part the thesis maps out the context of humanism and hedonism, studies their apparent as well as hidden nature, and lays the conceivable foundations of humanistic hedonism. The following section suggests a set of particular steps. Adhering to these instructions makes it possible to experience delight and to eliminate sorrow.
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Dandyism as a lifestyle
Hercogová, Jana ; Půtová, Barbora (advisor) ; Štěpánová, Irena (referee)
Theses focuses on dandyism as a lifestyle. It presents the theoretical definition of dandyism as well as its 19. century important representatives such as George Brummell, George Gordon Byron, Jules-Amédée Barbey d'Aurevilly, Charles Baudelaire, Oscar Wilde, Robert de Montesquiou and Artur Breisky. Attention is paid to the characteristics of the historical period and the society in which the dandy figure appeared. Theses also focuses on the dandy figure in terms of his value orientation, appearance, behaviors, interests and time spending. Moreover, theses deals with the image of dandyism as a lifestyle in literature. More detailed attention is paid to literary works Fanfarlo, The Picture of Dorian Gray and Against Nature. In the final part of the theses is discused the topicality of dandyism in 20th and 21st century and presented three personalities whose lifestyle resonates with the principles of dandyism. Key words: dandyism, dandy, lifestyle, individulism, aestheticism, hedonism, elegance, revolt
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Individualism in Natsume Sōseki's Work
Gieblová, Adéla ; Tirala, Martin (advisor) ; Weber, Michael (referee)
(in English) A thesis deals with individualism in Natsume Sōseki's work. The main topic is about how did the autor himself understand the individualism and based on which personal experiences did he create his conception of it. The second part of this thesis analyzes four literary works, Botchan, Sanshirō, Sorekara and Kokoro, on which I would like to show, which types of individuals Sóseki introduces to his readers and how the philosophy of individualism has affected his literary work.
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G. Lipovetsky: The Painless Ethics
Pavelcová, Tereza ; Jirsa, Jakub (advisor) ; Čapek, Jakub (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to follow and to critically interpret the proposition about the development of ethics and morality in the work of Gilles Lipovetsky both on specific examples from the history of ethics and its contemporary reflections. The thesis should clarify in what cases is his philosophical and sociological diagnosis, analysis and prediction justified and where it is on the contrary problematic and why. Lipovetsky's proposition in his book The Twilight of Duty is that contemporary moral "boom" is actually a shock and not only a comeback or a revitalization of the traditional morality. It would be no exaggeration to say that contemporary morality is definitely leaving the traditional one behind. The ambition of the thesis is also to give a formulation of the character and typical manifestation of Lipovetsky's "postmoral ethics of the third type" with neither religious nor lay basis in form of duty. The thesis is aware of the tension between the ethical ardor and decadence, the incitements to individualism and the demands of society, in short the tension between responsible and irresponsible ethics. The aim is also to try to justify the applied ethics of responsibility formulated by Lipovetsky, which is to be set in the period of "the twilight of duty", when we no longer have a...
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Consumer behaviour difference among young people (city and countryside).
Samec, Tomáš ; Šanderová, Jadwiga (advisor) ; Tuček, Milan (referee)
Issues of material, cultural and relationship consuption in context of late modern society are being discussed in the thesis. Differences between the social context of city and rural areas are used to describe social functions of consumption. At first consumption is defined in sociological terms using the literature. Thesis contains basic theoretical approaches dealing with consumption. Major interest is being put on analytical part of thesis, which shows findings of research. Research is divided into two parts. Qualitative part with data from semi-structured interviews, which are used to create concepts and hypothesis in order to test them in quantitative part with questionners. Research is a case study and findings and interpretations can not be generalized to whole population of young people. Data provide solid empirical conclusion and hypothesis though. My findings support idea of consuption as complex and ambivalent social phenomenon related to individualization process. Yet another social functions of consuption are revealed in thesis. Consuption as a device to define and redefine identity of individual. Normative aspect of consumption, which express itself in social groups norms. Significance of structural differences between both social context for individual's action with link to cultural and...
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