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Anglický název práce: Possibilities for solving behavioral and learning disorders in primary school
Brych, Denis ; Komárková, Tereza (advisor) ; Sedláčková, Daniela (referee)
Červený vrch primary school in Prague 6. It addresses the factors that influence the work of these children and the methods that can be used in practice. In the theoretical part of the thesis, it contains a definition of the terms behavioural and learning disorders, their causes, possibilities of re education including selected methods for working with these pupils. In the practical part of the thesis the focu aged from eight to twelve years. Interviews with children, parents, assistants and teachers were used in the research. In addition, the actual work with the pupils involved in the research. These met observation, interviews, working with pupils in the classroom, trying out the techniques described in the theoretical section and collaborative assessment. All in collaboration with teaching assistants and teachers. Their work in class, learning outcomes and behaviour during breaks were assessed. The main aim of the work was to find out the factors that influence the life of children with behavioural and learning disorders in primary school, or to try in practice different techniques for working with them. There is no doubt that there are many factors that affect the work and life of a child with behavioural or learning difficulties in a school environment. From the research conducted at the previously...
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The effect of adjustment of sleep patterns on mental stress and body weight
Mutinský, Petr ; Manková, Denisa (advisor) ; Nekovářová, Tereza (referee)
This study aimed to investigate the impact of sleep pattern modification on sleep quality, circadian preference, mental strain, and body composition. Sleep pattern modification was implemented through a 14-day intervention involving three groups with varying levels of engagement. All participants received recommendations compiled into a sleep manual. The primary objective was to examine the relationship between sleep pattern modification and changes in sleep quality, circadian preference, stress levels, and body composition, including body fat and skeletal muscle mass. Additionally, the study sought to determine whether the level of engagement in sleep pattern modification within each group influenced post- intervention sleep quality. The study employed an online questionnaire battery comprising the PSQI, MEQ, and PSS-10 questionnaires, completed by N = 95 physically active participants aged 18-53 years. Body composition measurements were obtained using an InBody device. Repeated measures ANOVA analysis revealed a statistically significant improvement in sleep quality following the intervention as measured by the PSQI questionnaire (F(1, 77) = 144,31, p < 0,001, ηšₚ = 0,66). However, no significant interaction between the intervention and individual groups was found (F(2, 75) = 1,29, p = 0,28, ηšₚ...
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Taboo word processing in bilingual speakers of Czech and English
Piskáčková, Adéla ; Chládková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Kaplan, Cyril (referee)
The thesis aims to explore bilingual emotional word processing, utilizing the event-related potentials method. In the literature review, I define the term bilingualism and outline several other related terms. I then discuss the way emotions may reflect in language. Taboo words are classified and investigated as a separate category from other emotionally valenced stimuli. Then, electroencephalography and the event-related potentials methods is explained, finally I describe the way this method has been used for researching bilingual emotional processing, most frequently utilizing the EPN and LPC components and some of the time the N400 too. These components were then the focus of observation during the experiment and the data analysis. No modulation of the EPN was present, which was probably due to the absence of positive stimuli and is in line with most of the previous research. There was no significant change of the N400 either, this is further discussed in the thesis. There was a significant modulation of amplitude by valence at the LPC time window, for both negative and taboo words when compared to the neutral condition at the central electrode site. An increase in amplitude of the LPC was found at the parietal electrode site for the taboo word category in comparison to neutral words. This could...
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Ethics and artificial intelligence
Švarcová, Kateřina ; Sousedík, Prokop (advisor) ; Šolcová, Kateřina (referee)
The thesis focuses on the ethics of artificial intelligence (AI). It is organized into three main parts. The first part describes the basic concepts. There are explained in particularthe basic principles of algorithms and the functioning of AI from a technical point of view. In the next part, the thesis uses texts by J.R. Searle and J. Peregrine to compare AI and human thinking from a philosophical perspective. From this section it is concluded that AI is a machine and as such has no moral responsibility. The moral responsibility in working with AI lies with humans, that is, the developers of AI and its users. This is addressed in the third part of the thesis, where various current moral issues are presented and basic ethical principles for AI work and development are established based on utilitarian and deontological orientations.
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Prisoner of Memory: the Question of Guilt in the Novels K. and The Diary of the Fall
Vaněčková, Jana ; Válová, Karolina (advisor) ; Svobodová, Petra (referee)
The bachelor thesis explores the issue of guilt and memory in Brazilian literary works K. by B. Kucinski and in Michel Laub's Diary of the Fall. Theoretically, in terms of guilt, it is anchored in the approaches of the German philosophers Karl Jaspers and Hannah Arendt, and in the case of memory in the work of the French sociologist Maurice Halbwachs. The aim of the thesis was to analyse guilt and its experience by the main characters in both books, as well as to identify the most prominent forms of guilt in the works as conceptualised by Karl Jaspers and Hannah Arendt. Memory as a link between guilt, the Holocaust and the Brazilian dictatorship was also analyzed. The protagonists of both works are prisoners of their memory, especially through the influence of their metaphysical guilt, although each approaches it differently. For the characters in both works, the events associated with their own guilt represent turning points after which their lives are no longer the same. Both literary works underline the important role of collective memory in shaping individual memories, especially against the historical background of the Holocaust and the Brazilian dictatorship.
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Working Conditions Preferences of Generation Y
Nosková, Kateřina ; Kocianová, Renata (advisor) ; Fonville, Alexandra (referee)
The bachelor thesis examines the specifics of Generation Y in the field of working conditions. Its aim is to elaborate on preferences in five areas: rewards, working arrangements, professional development and advancement, and workplace relationships and organizational culture. First, the areas of working conditions are introduced, then the different generations on the labour market in the Czech Republic are presented, with attention paid to Generation Y. Subsequently, the preferences of Generation Y in the area of working conditions are elaborated on the basis of the study of literature and already conducted research. The thesis also includes a quantitative empirical research aimed at identifying and comparing the preferences of older and younger university-educated workers of Generation Y in the area of working conditions, for which four hypotheses are established. The empirical research was conducted in the form of an electronic questionnaire survey using the NWVS scale translated into Czech language. Outcomes show that there are no significant differences between older and younger university-educated Generation Y workers, with the exception of career, which is considered more important by younger Generation Y workers. Key words working conditions, generation of workers, generation Y, rewards,...
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Critique of society in the novel La familia de León Roch
Formanová, Natálie ; Sánchez Fernández, Juan Antonio (advisor) ; Marešová, Jaroslava (referee)
Benito Pérez Galdós was an extraordinary writer who had the talent to portray in his works the social problems of Spain in the second half of the 19th century, in this case through the topic of family. No character in his work is unnecessary, as each symbolizes certain issues and values. The author was able to give each dialogue great meaning, so not only each character, but also every conversation subtly reveals to us the state of society at that time and Galdós's perspective on it. This work aims to see through the fog in which these hidden meanings reside and thus find out the problems the author points out in his book. At the same time, it tries to figure out what his ideals were. Based on the analysis of the work La familia de León Roch, it can be concluded that the author criticized not only the superficial Christianity of the time but also the overall decadence of society, the spreading selfishness, the behavior of the aristocracy, their cold relationships, and so on. The author also pays special attention to the theme of Krausism and its implementation.
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Contemporary witchcraft and collective magic in the Carpathian Ukraine
Muricová, Tereza ; Janeček, Petr (advisor) ; Kreisslová, Sandra (referee)
The thesis deals with the comparison of data collected by the author on collective magic from an anthropological perspective and several stories of the Carpatho-Ukrainian respondent (a Ruthenian or a Rusyn woman is a valid term as well) with fairy tale magic based on the studies of Vladimir Yakovlevich Propp. Morphology of the Folktale (Propp 1999) and the motifs appearing in the practice of magic in the studied location exhibit similar characteristics and contain hidden internal relations that the author hopes to reveal through the thorough analysis. The collected data via interviews were analysed using a comparative method with listed literary sources. The research question is whether the practices of witches in the Carpathian region of Ukraine could be interpreted identically as the motifs and characters in the Morphology of the Folktale and other studies (1999) by Vladimir Yakovlevich Propp. The timeline is between the period of approximately 40 years ago and the present. The respondent retrospectively gives an account of her experiences of encounters with witches and their consequences, or relays the stories of relatives who are no longer among us. The study explores whether the phenomenon of folk magic can be analysed using a similar method to folktales and fairy tales. Specifically, it...
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Social and personal crisis in Karel Jakob Hirsch's novel Kaiserwetter
Kroutvor, Josef ; Zbytovský, Štěpán (advisor) ; Holý, Jiří (referee)
Crisis is a key moment not only within a literary work, but also in the development of society and the individual. Literature not only draws on societal crises - such as the period just before the outbreak of the First World War - thematically, but also as a kind of kaleidoscope of human stories and fates in which other crises, seemingly minor but no less important for literature, take place. The aim of this thesis is to analyse and interpret in a literary-historical context the depiction of personal (among others religious, personal-character) crisis and social (political and social) crisis in the novel Kaiserwetter (1931) by Karl Jakob Hirsch. It is the intertwining of "small" personal crises with the crisis of the community as a whole that is one of the most important motifs of this novel and the basis for one of its possible relevant interpretations. The paper will first briefly introduce the author and attempt to characterize his work. In the theoretical part I will then focus on the applicable definitions of the concept of crisis (based mainly on the notion of the German historian R. Koselleck) that can be applied in the interpretation of the literary work. Subsequently, the thesis will deal with partial aspects of the thematization of the crisis (on the example of three characters in the...
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AE solvability of interval systems
Chudý, Vladimír ; Hladík, Milan (advisor) ; Garajová, Elif (referee)
Interval analysis involves investigating various types of solvability of interval systems. The most well-known ones are weak solvability, strong solvability and their combination AE solvability. Currently, there is no known exponential algorithm that is able to test the AE solvability of interval systems. Some of its special types are NP-complete or co-NP-complete problems. In this paper, we partially answer the question when such simplification occurs. We will show some necessary and sufficient conditions for general AE solvability, as well as its special cases. We will also look at various equivalences between systems and describe transformations that preserve solvability. Finally, we will implement some necessary, sufficient and characterization conditions in Matlab using the Intlab toolbox and numerically test their success rate.
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