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Factors affecting uptake and distribution of uranium in plants.
Krejčová, Daniela ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Tylová, Edita (referee)
Uranium is a radionuclide, which naturally occurs in Earth's soil in rather an insignificant amount. It is not very dangerous in such small concentration; however, this concentration is rising due to anthropogenic activity, therefore an estimation of its increase is at hand. It is necessary to research possibilities of not only effective, but also ecological extermination of this contamination. Phytoremediation could be an appropriate solution, but this method is still in its beginning stages when it comes to uranium contaminations. That's why we need to study influences of uranium on plants and find out to what extent are they suitable for phytoremediation of areas contaminated by uranium. Phytoremediation methods are based on the abilities of plants to receive and accumulate certain pollutants. The factors that influence the amount of uranium received by a plant can be divided into four groups: plant species, uranium's oxidation levels, pH of of the medium or the substrate and ligand, which is attached to the uranium (Mitchell, 2013). Transportation of uranium to the aboveground part of the plant is also a factor here. Plants need to deal with the accepted uranium; aside from the radiological risks resulting from the characteristics of radioisotope, uranium is also a heavy metal. Chemical...
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Laboratory Work on Plant Physiology and Anatomy and its Use at Primary School
Vágnerová, Kateřina ; Teodoridis, Vasilis (advisor) ; Odcházelová, Tereza (referee)
The presented master thesis is focused on practical teaching of the plant anatomy, morphology ad physiology at primary schools in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part contains a summary of the basic knowledge about plant morphology anatomy and physiology including integration of the practical teaching of natural science in Framework Education Programme and its extension into the School Education Programme. This part includes also detail theoretical background of teaching methods, which are suitable for laboratory work and didactic games. The second, practical part contains a detail description of the seven author's laboratory works and seven didactic games dealing with different topics from the plant anatomy, morphology and physiology, their practical evaluation on pupils of two primary schools and one secondary school including following detailed analysis of the realized questionnaire of these didactic materials. According to the obtained research data, it is obvious that the using of practical teaching form is more attractive for the pupils than conventional teaching methods at primary school.
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Association of chromatin modifications with transgenerational abiotic stress memory of plants
Vyskočilová, Barbara ; Holá, Dana (advisor) ; Fischer, Lukáš (referee)
Plants are constantly exposed to various stressors which usually leads to changes in the expression of many different genes. This can be controlled at multiple levels, including modifications of chromatin structure. Some of these modifications may persist even after the period when the plant is exposed to stress and could possibly act as a kind of "stress memory". This work deals with so-called meiotic/transgeneration "stress memory" of plants caused by abiotic stressors. Compilation of studies dealing with this topic showed that they are still rather rare and usually originated from only a few laboratories. The majority of these studies was aimed only at the examination of DNA methylation and their design was not always optimal. In my opinion, true proofs of transgeneration "stress memory" of plants still remain to be presented; further, more properly designed studies are necessary. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Representation of plants in Roman wall-paintings
Kossuthová, Patrícia ; Ondřejová, Iva (advisor) ; Titz, Pavel (referee)
(english): This paper discusses displaying plants on the murals, especially in the area of Pompeii and further around affected by eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD. Showed plants in this work are divided into several categories according to the context of the show. This work contains a list of identified plant species, which is demonstrated in individual examples of paintings. In addition to paintings in Pompeii area this work mentions the example of a display of plants in the garden painting in the Villa di Livia at Prima Porta, near Rome. Keywords: Roman wall-painting, Roman art, plants, Pompeii
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Knowledge of plants of grammar-school students in Ústí region
Horák, Bohuslav ; Novotný, Petr (advisor) ; Skýbová, Jana (referee)
In the theoretical part I summarized nowadays Framework educational program at schools in the Czech republic and nowadays educational methods to teaching plants. Also, the thesis describes basic characteristics of plants, methods of plant preservation and research methods that have been used during writing the thesis. The research part indicates the results of the research conducted at grammar-schools in Ústí region and indicates the level of the pupils' knowledge of plants. Furthermore, I have tried to suggest how to make the plant identification tests more intriguing and comprehensible. The thesis uses information obtained from interviews with teachers and survey research carried out among the pupils of Ústí region grammar-schools. Based on the research results I have laid out an optimal number of plant species for teaching the plant identification. Unfortunately, there is a limited number of publications, so I exploited the knowledge and experience of Biology teachers at grammar-schools, and I followed their advice when creating worksheets.
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Curative and Pernicious Aspects of Food in Traditional Korea
Smetanová, Elizabeth ; Löwensteinová, Miriam (advisor) ; Zemánek, Marek (referee)
This Bachelor thesis deals with the advancement of the medical tradition on the Korean peninsula from ancient times to the present with regard to the curative and negative aspects of nutrition. The theoretical part is followed by examples of specific plants and foods used for healing purposes. The next part is about male fertility and pregnancy where again nutrition plays an important part. Mentioned are also cures related to poisoning and various types of illnesses brought upon by wrongly prepared food. The section about fermentation and fermented produce is then followed by a final thematic circle of book references and proverbs that authentically reflect the times and the role of food within society.
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Antioxidants of natural origin influencing metabolic syndrome
Dlabajová, Denisa ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Kašparová, Marie (referee)
Dlabajová D., Antioxidants of natural origin influencing metabolic syndrome, Diploma thesis 2015/2016, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, pp. 61. Large amounts of substances are extracted from plants found all over the world that show antioxidant activity, which prohibits the formation of free radicals. This activity could be beneficial in preventing and curing risk factors of metabolic syndrome. The selection of plants with this effect is shown in my diploma thesis (for example Salvia limbata, Lupinus luteus, Rosmarinus officinalis, Pueraria lobata etc.), which is divided into plant extracts, culinary plants and substances with significant antioxidant activity. Keywords: plants, antioxidants, metabolic syndrome
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Chromatin modifications in association with priming phenomenon in plants
Marková, Hana ; Holá, Dana (advisor) ; Fischer, Lukáš (referee)
Plants are exposed to many stressors to which they must be able to adapt. It has been found that plants can memorize the respective stress response and may respond to a subsequent stress exposure faster and to a greater extent. The mechanism of this so-called priming could be associated with the changes in the levels of chromatin modifications. Chromatin modifications are usually dynamically changing during the stress reaction. Some of these changes could persist for some time, thus the specific stress memory, mitotically and meiotically transmissible, could be established. Such a phenomenon was observed for stress caused by dehydration, salinity, mechanical damage, a combination of various stressors and a systemic resistance to pathogenic bacteria. So far, only a few studies on this topic exist; but even now it is clear that there are differences in the response of specific genes as well as the dependence on the length of the stress stimulus and the duration of the period between the first and second stress. A major disadvantage of existing studies is that they focus solely on histone modifications. Regarding the chromatin modifications studied so far, H3K4me3 could serve as the main mark for such priming. On the other hand, H3K27me3 modification is apparently not used as a memory tag. However, it is still...
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