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Molecular genetic analysis of thyroid carcinomas in pediatric and adolescent patients
Bulanová, Barbora ; Kuklíková, Vlasta (advisor) ; Ludvíková, Marie (referee) ; Vícha, Aleš (referee)
Thyroid nodules are rare in pediatric and adolescent patients, but they are at greater risk of malignancy than adult patients. Thyroid carcinomas are the most common endocrine malignancy and their incidence is increasing. Although there are several types of thyroid carcinoma, 90% of cases in pediatric and adolescent patients are papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs). The aim of this study was to analyze a large cohort of PTCs from pediatric and adolescent patients, determine their genetic cause, and correlate the findings with clinical pathological data. Another aim was to characterize the most frequent findings and compare them with a cohort of adult patients with thyroid carcinoma positive for the same mutation. The final objective was to optimize a suitable methodology for detecting the most common findings in pediatric and adolescent patients for routine use. Thyroid tumor tissue samples were examined using molecular genetic methods, mostly using next-generation sequencing and real-time PCR analysis. We found that fusion genes were the most common cause of PTC in pediatric and adolescent patients, detected in 56% of patients. In total, 20 different types of fusion genes were identified, some of which have not been previously described in the literature. The fusion genes included the oncogenes...
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Knowledge and skills of nurses about modern way of treating non-healing wounds in pediatric patients
Nešporová, Julie ; Nikodemová, Hana (advisor) ; Zámečníková, Kateřina (referee)
The bachelor's thesis "The knowledge and skills of nurses using modern ways to treat non- healing wounds in paediatric patients" deals with issues of difficult non-healing wounds occurring in children, their origin, their development and treatment. The goal of this thesis was to assess how much knowledge and skills nurses have in the field of professional treatment of wounds in children and its eventual measures to make an improvement of the patient's condition. The theoretical part brings an overview of reasons why wounds develop, their healing and current products that are used in the medical field for treatment. The empirical part summarizes the results of my own research and compares the results with other studies. To implement this thesis a questionnaire was made and distributed to selected wards in the Motol University Hospital. Into the study were included 71 fully completed questionnaires. After assessing the results a 100% success rate wasn't achieved by any nurse that partook in the study but it's obvious, they have certain knowledge about the matter. In conclusion, we accepted that this is a rare issue in paediatrics which needs to be researched further and correct procedures for nurses in practice need to be finalized.
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Kinematic analysis of children's gait
Kernerová, Helena ; Vilímek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Horák, Zdeněk (referee)
Title: Children's gait characteristics and kinematic analysis Objectives: The aim of the master thesis is to perform an analysis of the gait of children engaged in intensive sports training (floorball) and children who are not intensively engaged in sports, and to compare selected spatio-temporal, kinetic and kinematic parameters of these two groups. Methods: The work has a theoretical-empirical nature with a smaller number of probands. 3D kinematic analysis of gait was recorded with a Qualisys device and reaction forces from the pad with 7 Kistler force plates. The following parameters are monitored in the thesis: step length, step speed depending on height, range of plantar and dorsiflexion in the ankle joint, rotation of the pelvis and shoulders in the transverse plane, vertical and anterior-posterior component of reaction forces from the ground. Results: The results of the study showed that for some kinematic parameters, intensive sports training of children aged 7-13 years leads to changes in the behavior of individual analyzed parameters. This is mainly due to the fact that the tested group has more symmetrical rotation of the pelvis and shoulders in the transverse plane compared to the control group. However, the results obtained in terms of statistical probability are not sufficiently...
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The Perception of Poverty by Second Grade Pupils at Selected Elementary School
Tobišková, Dana ; Hanušová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Blažková, Veronika (referee)
The diploma thesis focuses on the perception of poverty among the pupils of the second grade of the selected primary school - Primary School and Kindergarten Dolní Poustevna. Specifically, it deals with the extent to which pupils distinguish subjective perception of poverty, whether they are able to distinguish groups of people at risk of poverty, whether they are oriented in the possible assistance to people at risk of poverty. Distinguish and describe different aspects of child poverty. Interpretation of the issue. The theoretical part is divided into two parts. The first part explains and describes aspects of poverty, from the definition of poverty itself, to its concepts, causes, measurement, the poverty cycle and the issue of social exclusion. The second part focuses on the issue of the child and his/her needs. It deals with the psychological and biological development of the child and the importance of the family in the child's life. Attention is also paid to the social and legal protection of the child, the prevention of poverty and the role of the state in this issue. The practical part consists of a research investigation, which was carried out in the form of questionnaires in a primary school. It is a quantitative research where the method of questioning was used. The aim of the work is...
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Impact of Social Media Use on the Need and Quantity of Physical Social Interaction among Teenagers of Age from 14 to 16 Years
Pěstová, Kristýna ; Hrůzová, Andrea (advisor) ; Procházková, Barbora (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on how adolescents between the ages of fourteen and sixteen interpret the presence and influence of social networks in their relationships with peers and parents. The theoretical section of the thesis is divided into four thematic units devoted to an overview of the current knowledge of the given topic in the literature. The empirical section consists of a description of the progress and results of the research. The research was conducted in the form of qualitative questioning, using the method of semi structured interviews with ten respondents. The individual interviews were recorded, word for word transcribed and analysed in the qualitative data processing program, REQUAL. Six thematic areas related to the aim of the thesis emerged from the analysis of the interviews: spending leisure time, attitude towards social networks, the motive and the manner of using social networks, relationships with friends and peers, relationship with parents and finally, school rules regarding the use of mobile phones. It turned out that using phones as well as being active on social networks are an important part of the respondents 'lives and constitute a significant part of their social communication. Respondents reflected on the positive and negative effects of using social networks,...
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Unfair commercial practices against consumers and children in particular
Chodorová, Eliška ; Patěk, Daniel (advisor) ; Josková, Lucie (referee)
1 Unfair commercial practices against consumers and children in particular Abstract The diploma thesis deals with unfair commercial practices against consumers and children in particular. The aim of this thesis is to present the legal framework for the protection of children, as a particularly vulnerable group of consumers, against unfair commercial practices, and to analyse whether they receive effective protection against such practices, especially at a national level. The main methods used in this diploma thesis were the research of legal literature, legal regulations and case law of Czech and foreign courts. On the basis of the acquired information, using interpretative methods, especially linguistic, logical, and systematic, the main and partial conclusions were subsequently generalised. The diploma thesis is divided into an introduction, a conclusion and five main chapters, which are further divided into subchapters. The first chapter defines the key terms with a focus on children as a group of particularly vulnerable consumers. The second chapter is devoted to a general definition of unfair commercial practices by describing the so-called three-stage test of unfairness. The third chapter focuses on the aggressive commercial practice of solicitation of children to buy advertised products. The main...
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Art therapy with children-foreigners living in the Czech environment
LACINOVÁ, Petra
The bachelor thesis deals with the art therapy support of children-foreigners during their adaptation period in the Czech Republic after resettlement from their country of origin. Specifically, it presents the experience of group art therapy with Ukrainian refugee children arriving in the Czech Republic after the Russian army invaded their homeland in February 2022. The theoretical part describes the circumstances and changes of the immigration situation in the Czech Republic due to the influx of refugees from Ukraine, the legislation applicable to foreign children living in the Czech Republic and the ways of supporting children with a different mother tongue in the Czech education system. One subchapter is devoted to the cultural and historical context of Ukraine, which is essential for the overall understanding of the political and social situation, as it contributes to the formation of the identity of Ukrainian children. The second chapter deals with the usual psychological themes of newly arrived children from another country. The practical part describes the course and focus of art therapy sessions for Ukrainian children, presents four case studies supported by children's artwork and defines the specifics of art therapy work with the chosen target group.
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Joint custody - its assumptions, strengths and potential weaknesses in the light of psychology
Koppová, Kateřina ; Šturma, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Mertin, Václav (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with joint custody in relation to its assumptions, strengths and potential weaknesses in the light of psychology. The theoretical part provides insight into the context of the form of contemporary family, with the issue of divorce and its impact on all involved individuals and with different forms of parenting. The legislative grounding of post divorce child care and its possible forms in the Czech legal order is also covered. The psychological assumptions of joint custody of both the parents and the child are emphasized to a great extent. On the basis of these findings are drawn possible strengths and weaknesses of joint custody. Last but not least are presented different approaches to joint custody among a few selected countries. The final part of this thesis is designed as qualitative research project focusing on the evaluation of joint custody from the perspective of individuals who have personal experience with this post-divorce arrangement. Keywords: joint custody, children, divorce, post-divorce arrangement, psychological impacts
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Psychological aspects of preventing pathological relationships, aggressive behavior and bullying among children's groups
Nebáznivá, Barbora ; Čáp, David (advisor) ; Uholyeva, Xenie (referee)
This thesis focuses on prevention of pathological relationships, aggressive behaviour and bullying among children's groups. The aim of this thesis is to map the theoretical phenomena related to prevention of this pathology. The thesis consists of two key areas- theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part defines the concepts used by the author within the text, summarizes and describes in the risk factors associated with the development of pathological relationships, aggressive behaviour and bullying and also describes the impact of these pathologies on its protagonists. The largest part is devoted to the possibilities and methods of prevention and the factors that affect it. Prevention is divided according to the environment (prevention in the family, at school and in leisure activities of children). In the final chapter of the theoretical part, the author focuses on selected specific primary prevention programs, which are described, analyzed and assessed for their effectiveness. The empirical part of the thesis consists of a research proposal, which is aimed at examining the relation between efficiency of selected prevention programs and the attitudes towards these programs and violence and bullying in general that are taken and expressed by teachers. Keywords: Bullying, peer victimization,...
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The possibilities of diagnosis of dyslexia in children
Matějovská, Lucie ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (advisor) ; Mertin, Václav (referee)
The research study focuses on the development of new appropriate tools suitable for dyslexia assessment of primary school children (grades sixth to ninth), and a process of their pilot standardization. The inspiration was found in the existing tests for different age groups and methods used abroad. Four newly created tests were included into the test battery (test of visual perception, phonological manipulation, auditory segmentation and rapid automatized naming) as well as two already existing tests, which are a part of the validation study (test of auditory discrimination from Novak's Diagnosis of specific learning disabilities battery and Symbol search subtest from Wechsler intelligence scale for children). The research group consisted of 155 students of primary school (grades sixth to ninth), 61 dyslectics and 94 intact students. The results between the intact group and the dyslexic group differed significantly in all tests. The test of phonological manipulation showed the strongest differentiation. The study includes a correlation analysis between the tests and norms created for both groups. The presented predictive model was able to correctly identify 77.4 % of "cases" in relation to the criterion dyslexic - intact group.
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