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The Českomoravská-Kolben-Daněk Company in the period 1945-1953
Šebesta, Jan ; Szobi, Pavel (advisor) ; Skřivan, Aleš (referee)
My work deals with the Českomoravská-Kolben-Daněk company in the period 1945-1953. I focused on the transformation process of the company and the nationalization that followed. A large part of the work is about post-war reconstruction and national administration management. Another part of the work deals with the enterprise in general, analysing its development and reorganization. My intention was to describe the political background of the period. Another part there is the evaluation of the economic results between 1945-1949 and the situation of the employees. At the end I described the division into upcoming enterprises and also the development of the two most important ones, the ČKD Stalingrad and ČKD Sokolovo are shown.
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Resettlement and confiscating Sudeten Germans, for example Town of Svitavy
Kuglerová, Kateřina ; Soběhart, Radek (advisor) ; Kozmanová, Irena (referee)
In my thesis I am trying to find out how to affect the transfer of the Germans and the confiscation of their property of the national economy of Czechoslovakia and the economy in the town of Svitavy. The work shows how the Germans were expelled and how many have been evacuated from Czechoslovakia and Svitavy. The main contribution of my work is to determine how the seizure took place, the implementation of national governments and the nationalization of industrial property in the best-performing businesses in Svitavy, because this issue has not been comprehensively explored. A further notice of who the Svitavy political leaders behind the introduction of national administrations, according to what criteria were allocated to the national government and that national managers perform their work responsibly.
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Privatization in Great Britain under the Thatcher Government
Zrasták, Marián ; Tajovský, Ladislav (advisor) ; Krček, Matěj (referee)
The victory of the Conservatives in the 1979 General Election brought a government into office which is traditionally said to pursue a programme of economic liberalism. The new government was determined to end British economic decline and the crisis of state authority by making an ideological and political break with the policy of consensus. But it was only after September 1981, when "the dries" achieved dominance in Conservative Government and the new liberal policy finally prevailed. Their goals were to reduce the role of the government in economy, to start privatization of nationalised industries and to achieve reduction in the size and scope of welfare state. This objective became an important part of Thatcher's second- and third-term economic policy. This thesis describes how the particular factors influenced the privatization programmes. The main aim is to answer the question whether the delays in privatization programmes were given by objective obstruction by Thatcher's political opponents and interest groups or whether "the dries" themselves did not support denationalization of strategic industries. The privatization is examined and brought into context of fiscal and monetary policy to unveil the role of privatization in Thatcher's economic policy. The success of privatization is limited by regulations imposed on denationalized industries and the author of this thesis puts emphasis on the description of the extent to which the members of the conservative party supported free market. The author uses a description of various privatization programmes, including related political and economical discussions, to answer these questions. The thesis includes a description of popular capitalism and a connection between foreign policy and privatization as well as the author's evaluation of privatization program.
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Czechoslovak economical progress in years 1945 - 1948
Vyslocký, Martin ; Soběhart, Radek (advisor) ; Szobi, Pavel (referee)
This diploma work is concerned with the analysis of Czechoslovak economy in years 1945 -- 1947, where is focusing on the most important economical and political revisions and their relation to the transition of the democratic society of Czechoslovakia to the socialistic society. This period represent very important part of Czechoslovak history that merit particular attention. With the analysis of chosen economical revisions it would like to come to the answer on the question, whether the process of socialization of Czechoslovak society started in 1948 or in the period of years 1945 - 1947. The diploma work is analyzing the most important problems of that period and trying to advert to different possibilities of the economical and political process. The goal of the work is not a deep assay of revisions but just the fact of connectivity of these revisions to the transition of the whole Czechoslovak society.
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Perspectives of the Czech industry
Dytrych, Martin ; Lukáš, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Kalínská, Emílie (referee)
The thesis describes and analyses the evolution of the Czech industry since the beginning of the economic transformation in 1990 till today and it forecasts it's likely further development. The chapter one presents a brief description of the Czech industrial sector in the 19th and the 20th centuries. The chapter n. 2 is dedicated to the evolution in 1980s, the last decade before the collapse of the centrally planned economy. The third chapter describes the transformation process in the beginning of the 1990s. It focuses on the privatization, which was the most important constituent of the economic transformation from the perspective of the Czech industry. Chapters n. 4 and 5 focus on the evolution and restructuration of the Czech industry in the 1990s and in the first decade of the new millennium. The biggest attention is paid to the international trade, foreign direct investments, industrial production, industrial workforce and changes of the industrial structure. Chapter n. 6 is devoted to the evolution in the past 1,5 year and it describes the evolution of the Czech industry in the context of the global economic recession. The last part of the thesis outlines the probable evolution of the Czech industry in the future.
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The railway transport in the 50's and 60's of the 20th century in Czechoslovakia and the comparison with the road transport
Urbánek, Jakub ; Jakubec, Ivan (advisor) ; Soběhart, Radek (referee)
The purpose of this thesis is to draw out historical progress of the railway and railway transport in our land, to emphasize the necessity of railway transport in post-war renewal and to point out undesirable effects of state intervention and nationalization of railways. In the opening part are described the beginnings of railway transport in our land and is emphasized importance of particular railway lines in light of their utilize after the Second World War and after changing our foreign business orientation after the year 1948 as well. Furthermore is point out the necessity of the railway after the Second World War when the economy required fast consolidation and the railway played significant role. Other part of the thesis deals with comparison of the railway transport and the automobile transport with emphasis on state intervention in favour of the railway transport after the First Word War. The economic part of this thesis is influenced by Austrian economic school and describes the problems of nationalization of railways and their unintended effects.
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The Impact of the Leftish Governments in Latin America on Economic Policies of the Countries
Langová, Kateřina ; Kašpar, Václav (advisor) ; Vošta, Milan (referee)
The present work characterizes economic policies of particular Latin American countries: Brazil, Chile (so called "light left"), Bolivia and Venezuela (so called "radical left" politically oriented countries). The economic policies implemented in particular countries are different. Brazil focuses on eradicating poverty through social programs. Chile orientates at social programs as well but aims at minimizing the differences between the rich and the poor. Policies of both radically oriented economies of Bolivia and Venezuela are focusing on nationalization of strategic industries and sectors. Further, the present work evaluates the policies in particular countries and compares the "light left" with "radical left" and analyses the sustainability and usability in a long term.
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Nationalization processes in Czechoslovakia 1945-1946
Kučerová, Alice ; Stellner, František (advisor) ; Szobi, Pavel (referee)
In my bachelor work I shall address the situation of Czechoslovakia in the years of 1945 -- 1948 with focus on nationalization processes. In the first part I will outline the difficult political situation in the post-war time, the rise of National Front and the the slow accession of communists to the power, culminating in February 1948. I shall also point out the reasons which reorientated czechoslovakian foreign policy towards the SSSR. In the second part I focused on Beneš decrees, especially nationalization decrees. I shall also metion those that led to the punishment of Germans, Hungarians, traitors and collaborators. Furthermore, I will analyze decrees that led to nationalization of key industry, joint-stock banks and insurance companies. I will focus not only on their statutory texts and their discussion by the government, but also their economic and social effects. The aim of this work is to analyze nationalization decrees to the reader,since they are documents that influenced course of events in Czechoslovakia for the next fifty years.
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Property transfers in Czechoslovakia in 1945-1948 and measures against German minority
Jirásek, Ivan ; Váňa, Daniel (advisor) ; Skřivan, Aleš (referee)
Tato diplomová práce se zabývá majetkovými přesuny v Československu v období 1945 ? 1948 a poválečnými opatřeními vůči německé menšině na československém území. V první části práce je obecně popsáno období po 2. světové válce ve světě a v Československu. Otázce odsunu a retribučního zákonodárství je věnována druhá část. Ve třetí části jsou analyzována majetková opatření jako konfiskace majetku, pozemková reforma a znárodnění. Záměrem práce je podat souhrnný pohled na majetkové přesuny, poválečné hospodářské změny a opatření vůči německé menšině.
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Znárodnění v Československu v letech 1945 - 1948
Kalinec, Tomáš ; Stellner, František (advisor) ; Szobi, Pavel (referee)
Diplomová práce pojednává o poválečných hospodářských poměrech v obnovené Československé republice a zaměřuje se na proces znárodnění uskutečněný v roce 1945. Československá poválečná ekonomika byla v obtížné situaci, neboť musela řešit celou řadu problémů. V ekonomické oblasti docházelo k posílení role státu, které vyústilo ve znárodnění klíčového průmyslu, akciových bank a soukromých pojišťoven. Ve znárodněném sektoru byly od počátku roku 1946 slučovány menší celky ve velké národní podniky, které se ale vyznačovaly vysokými režijními náklady, rozsáhlou administrativou, špatnou pracovní morálkou, fluktuací, nekvalifikovaným a nezkušeným vedením. Vytvořila se tak situace, kdy znárodněný průmysl zaostával za průmyslem soukromým. Cílem této práce je přiblížit a vysvětlit důvody, způsob a důsledky znárodnění v roce 1945.
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