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Vaginal microbiota and its effect in pregnancy
Mašátová, Eva ; Vejsová, Marcela (advisor) ; Konečná, Klára (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Author: Eva Mašátová Trainer: Mgr. Marcela Vejsová, Ph.D. Title: Vaginal microbiota and its effect in pregnancy This work was created to summarize the knowledge of the vaginal microbiota in general and also during the pregnancy. The work deals with the description of individual microorganisms naturally occurring in the vaginal environment and their occurrence in the population. Diagnostic methods and techniques used in gynecology for examination of the vaginal environment are also described. The last part describes the antimicrobial treatment and its changes during the pregnancy. The vaginal microbiota is a diverse ecosystem of every woman that changes during her lifetime with a variety of influences. During the pregnancy, the risk of serious complications, such as premature birth or infections, is significantly increased when the patient is colonized. If the patient is colonized, it is not possible to definitely determine whether it is a pathological condition or not. Representatives of the genus Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Gardnerella, Candida, Ureaplasma, Mycoplasma and others are naturally present in the vaginal environment. The pathogen is securely proven mainly by the density of...
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The role of intestinal microbiota in the development of Alzheimer's dementia
Hakenová, Kristina ; Valeš, Karel (advisor) ; Vodička, Martin (referee)
Preserving health at a higher age depends on the function of biological homeostatic systems (neural endocrine and immune activities), where the biological interaction between these systems and the intestinal microflora plays a key role. One of the most serious diseases associated with aging is Alzheimer's dementia (AD) and it is the most common cause of dementia in the world. This disease is accompanied by cognitive impairment associated with accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary fibres in brain tissue. Naturally, biological changes occur during the process of aging, resulting in reduced functional capacity of the organism, accompanied by an increased risk of inflammatoryprocesses involved in the etiology of several chronic, pathologies, including neurodegenerative processes. These modulatory processes are associated with oxidative stress and intestinal dysbiosis. It is already well documented in the scientific literature that significant changes in the composition of intestinal microbiota occur in aging. These changes can lead to several biological changes, including increased permeability of the intestinal barrier, thereby causing the increased penetration of many biologically active substances into the body. This may be a risk factor for the development of inflammation in both...
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Bacterial populations in mucosal tissues of the house mouse
Ptáčníková, Aneta ; Stopka, Pavel (advisor) ; Hampl, Vladimír (referee)
Microbiota becomes one of the most important subjects in biological research and numerous studies revealed that microbiota plays a broad spectrum of essential roles in different organisms. This master thesis focuses on the bacterial part of microbiota contained in mucosal tissues of wild house mice (Mus musculus musculus). Male and female samples were collected by nasal and oral cavity lavages, vaginal mucosa lavages and from urine and stool. We aimed to detect quantitative, qualitative and sex-specific differences in bacterial populations between mucosal tissues with particular focus on bacterial cycling in vaginal mucosa during the estrous cycles. Bacterial abundances were estimated by qPCR whilst bacterial diversity was detected by targeted metagenomic sequencing of the hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. Significant differences were detected in bacterial abundances and alpha diversity between particular mucosal tissues. Stool samples contained the highest number of bacteria, while samples from the nasal mucosa and urine contained low amount of bacteria. The highest alpha diversity was discovered in stool samples, the least alpha diversity was found in the urine. Mucosal tissues also varied based on the bacterial composition on the level of particular genera. Detailed analysis of estrous cycles...
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Composition of skin microbiome in psoriatic patients
Stehlíková, Zuzana ; Jůzlová, P. ; Rob, F. ; Herzogová, J. ; Koren, O. ; Uzan, A. ; Tlaskalová-Hogenová, Helena ; Jirásková Zákostelská, Zuzana
Psoriasis is a chronic noninfectious and inflammatory skin disease, whose pathogenesis involves environmental triggers, including microbiota. In our study we compared bacterial composition between healthy controls and psoriatic patients using V1V2 hypervariable region of 16S rRNA. We found higher species diversity in psoriatic lesions than in contralateral psoriatic healthy site or in healthy control skin. Genus Propionibacterium was more abundant in contralateral healthy sites (57.77%) than in affected psoriatic sites of psoriatic patients (47.12%). On the other hand, we found higher abundance of genus Staphylococcus in psoriatic lesions (18.78%), while lower abundance in contralateral healthy sites (9.52%). Since Propionibacterium are commensal bacteria, the shift in their abundance from healthy to psoriatic skin could be due to disturbation of natural skin habitat. Interpretation of higher presence of Staphylococcus in psoriatic lesions comparing to contralateral healthy sites requires further species characterization. To complete the picture about psoriatic microbiome we will further investigate skin fungal composition in identical samples.
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Role of microbiota in mouse experimental model of psoriasis
Jirásková Zákostelská, Zuzana ; Stehlíková, Zuzana ; Klimešová, Klára ; Rossmann, Pavel ; Dvořák, Jiří ; Novosádová, Iva ; Kostovčík, Martin ; Coufal, Štěpán ; Šrůtková, Dagmar ; Hudcovic, Tomáš ; Štěpánková, Renata ; Rob, F. ; Jůzlová, P. ; Herzogová, J. ; Tlaskalová-Hogenová, Helena ; Kverka, Miloslav
Anotace v anglickém jazyce\n\nMouse model of human psoriasis and gnotobiotic are important tools in understanding the role of gut and skin microbiota in pathogenesis of psoriasis. In our experiments we showed that gnotobiotic mice, as well as conventional mice treated with antibiotics, have milder skin inflammation in comparison with control conventional mice. Treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics led to dramatic shift in gut microbial composition, in particular, we observed extensive increase of order Lactobacillales. To analyze the potential effect of Lactobacillales on skin inflammation, we further monocolonized mice with L. plantarum WCFS1. Also monocolonized mice showed lower skin inflammation in comparison with conventional mice. To understand whether microbial dysbiosis is cause or effect of psoriasis needs to be further investigated.\n\n
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Novel mechanisms of T cell-mediated intestinal autoimmunity to Paneth cells
Brabec, Tomáš ; Filipp, Dominik (advisor) ; Janečková, Lucie (referee)
(En) Paneth cells are one of the major player in the maintenance of the homeostatic relationship between intestinal microbiota and the immune system. This function is largely achieved by their production of bactericidal enteric α-defensins (ED) and other antimicrobials. Disruption of Paneth cell functions is associated with severe human disorders such as Crohn's disease (CD) and Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy- Candidiasis-Ectodermal Dystrophy (APECED). However, there is only a very limited information regarding the interactions and regulatory circuits operating between Paneth cells and intestinal immune system in either health or under pathological conditions. The previous study conducted in our laboratory described a new mechanism for the initiation and maintenance of Paneth cells targeted autoimmunity. The suggested model was that ED-specific T cells escape the selection in the thymus, infiltrate the intestine and diminish Paneth cell numbers through autoimmune destruction. This process also lead to the accumulation of inflammation- inducing bacteria, which were implied to exacerbate the inflammatory autoimmunity. Since this model of intestinal autoimmunity is of correlative nature, its intrinsic mechanism and functional relationships between immune system, Paneth cells and microbiota are largely...
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Intestinal microbiota and mood disorders
Ambrožová, Lucie ; Herink, Josef (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Lucie Ambrožová Supervisor: Doc. MUDr. Josef Herink, DrSc. Title of diploma thesis: Intestinal microbiota and mood disorders The intestinal microbiom is composed mainly of two dominated strains - Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. The other strains are just not numerous like the previous ones. The specimens have the invariable core of microbiom which doesn't change in time. Nevertheless they have also the transient gut bacteria, which change during their life. Intestinal microbiom is influenced by many factors. Between them we can categorize for example the way of the childbirth, the breast - feeding, the alimentation, the state of health, and the medicaments. Every specimen has own specific microbiom. It was found that human population is possible to divide into three intestinal groups or enterotypes. To each enterotype dominates different bacterial strain. It was proved that intestinal microbiom communicates with the brain and it works also vice versa. This communication system is called "brain - intestine" and takes several ways in several body systems (such as nervous, endocrine, metabolic, and immune). To normal development of the brain is needed the right colonisation of non...
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Research of vertebrate-microbiota relationship using germ-free organisms
Kubovčiak, Jan ; Kreisinger, Jakub (advisor) ; Hájková, Petra (referee)
Germ free (axenic) animals are individuals reared under specific conditions preventing their contact with surrounding microorganisms. Some of the features observed in these individuals vary from those observed in naturally colonized counterparts. These differences probably reflect the influence of presence of a complex intestinal microbial population in the intestine, which influences important physiological functions of the host body by various mechanisms. Thus, nature of these differences allows to study relationship of the host, vertebrate in this case and its microbiota, which evolved into a complicated system of interactions providing relatively stable coexistence. Germ free research of this relationship is focused on interactions between microbiota and host's immune system, metabolism, morphology of digestive tract and behavior. This thesis provides summary of research outcomes on previously mentioned topics. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The effects of bacterial lysates on the gut barrier function and microbiota composition
Zákostelská, Zuzana ; Tlaskalová - Hogenová, Helena (advisor) ; Prokešová, Ludmila (referee) ; Rada, Vojtěch (referee)
Dynamic molecular interactions between the microbiota and the intestinal mucosa play an important role in the establishment and maintenance of mucosal homeostasis. Aberrant host- microbiota interaction could lead to many diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease. The aim of our study was to evaluate the commensal and probiotic bacteria activities and their ability to induce pathological or exert beneficial effects. The most important trigger for immune system development is an exposure to microbial components. Here, we show that there is a time window at about three weeks of age, which enables the artificial colonization of germ free mice by a single oral dose of cecal content. The delayed colonization by either inoculation or co-housing causes permanent changes in immune system reactivity, which may downgrade the results of experiments performed on first generation of colonized animals. In this thesis we report that even non-living commensal bacteria such as Parabacteroides distasonis (mPd) or well known probiotics such as L. casei DN-114 001 (Lc) possess anti-inflammatory effects in experimental model of colitis. The mechanisms that this effect is achieved by the lysate of L. casei DN-114 001 comprise: a) improvement in the gut barrier function, b) correction of the dysbiosis, and c) modulation of the...
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