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Iron and copper metabolism in marine microalgae of the genus Ostreococcus
Pilátová, Jana ; Šuťák, Róbert (advisor) ; Falteisek, Lukáš (referee)
The smallest free living eukaryote known as Ostreococcus tauri became along with some related species great experimental models for iron uptake research in marine picoplankton. The ecological context of such topic is very interesting considering the nature of adaptation to iron limitation and its connection to the copper metabolism. Our experiments has simulated iron and copper limiting conditions of the ocean, as a control we used iron and copper repleted cultivation media. The maximum cell counts were two- to threefold higher in iron-repleted medium compared to iron- depleted one. There was the only exception showing no difference in growth - O. lucimarinus coming from open ocean with high irradiance levels and very low iron concentrations, which all together made it the best adapted species. The reinoculation of cell cultures after a week cultivation into to the same iron/copper containing media led to unmasking the copper effect on growth, which was much weaker than encountered with iron (again except of O. lucimarinus). Iron sufficiency positively affects heme b and chlorophyll a and b content with no significant copper dependency. The circadian timing of heme b and chlorophyll a and b content shows the increasing trend during the day followed by decrease at night. This might be caused by...
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Antiproliferative effects of heme catabolic pathway's products
Koníčková, Renata ; Vítek, Libor (advisor) ; Haluzík, Martin (referee) ; Farghali, Hassan (referee)
Presented work is focused on heme metabolism with the main interest in bile pigments. Recent data indicate that bilirubin is not only a waste product of the heme catabolic pathway, but also emphasize its important biological impacts, including possible antiproliferative effects. Until today metabolism of bilirubin has not been completely elucidated, which has prevented detailed evaluation of its potential anticancer action. The aim of this study was to clarify some aspects of heme catabolism with respect for antiproliferative properties of its products. Based on the fact that bilirubin potently affects carcinogenesis of the intestine, we initially investigated not properly known bilirubin metabolism by intestinal bacteria. We studied bilirubin neurotoxic effects in hyperbilirubinemic Gunn rats - its distribution in the brain tissue and its degradation during pathological conditions, such as severe newborn jaundice or Crigler-Najjar syndrome. Possible approaches to improve the treatment of severe unconjugated hyperbilirubinemias, combination of the phototherapy and human albumin administration were also investigated. The main reason of these studies was the fact that mechanisms of neurotoxic effects of bilirubin are predominantly identical with those, by which bilirubin inhibits cancer cells growth....
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Physiochemical Parameters of Ponds during Hydrological Year
HUMMELOVÁ, Světlana
Physiochemical Parameters of Ponds during Hydrological Year The aim of this Bachelor thesis was to use the obtained data for the assessment of these physiochemical parameters on growth of the carp. The obtained data and their influence on carp grow were compared with literature. The physiochemical parameters had measured on the 29th June, 16th July, 12th August and 4th October on the Dehtář pond. The followed physiochemical parameters were measured: concentration of oxygen (mg-l-1), temperature of water (°C), pH, transparency (m) and chlorophyll concentration (?g-l-1). It was used calibrated measuring device EXO2 and a Secchi disc. The pond was measured in two transects with focus on depth, inflow, outflow and feeding area. For better evaluation of the results it had included the continuous measurements data from Vltava River Authority, particularly the concentration of oxygen, temperature and light regime. The Dehtář pond is used mainly for intense fish-pond management. Fishery Hluboká manages on this pond. Stock of the pond is polyculture. Dominant fish is common carp, next for example grass carp, pike, pikeperch and catfish. The pond is regular fed, limed and fertilized. From those data, it has produced the spatial and temporal visualisation of basic physiochemical parameters in the pond. From the spatial visualisation follows that the quality of inflow water, depth of water, meteorological situation and position of feeding area had a significant influence on physiochemical parameters. From the temporal visualisation follows that the highest differences in our data were during temperature stratification on 29th June 2016. This day range of the pH was from 7.1 to 9.1. During the other days pH was just about 8. On 29th of June 2016 the range of the temperature was quite high. The temperature was from 19.8 °C to 24.8 °C. Oxygen deficits were very often on this pond. Oxygen deficits had big influence on the death of fishes. The concentration of oxygen went down under the limit values (0.5 mg-l-1) for 2 times during the Vltava River Authority measuring. The local places of low concentration of oxygen had located on the depth of 1.5 m for 25 times during the Vltava River Authority measuring. The Vltava River Authority regularly takes measurements on the Dehtář pond. It should be used for better management and for preventing the critical situation, particularly the drop of oxygen, which could harm the fish. It should be limited feeding, because of the often oxygen deficits.
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The issue of water quality of bathing areas in Vltava basin and their impact on recreation
BRŮŽKOVÁ, Radka
The diploma thesis deals with the issue of water quality in bathing areas on the Vltava River. I concretely concentrated on the quality of water on dams Lipno, Orlík and Slapy. There were two aims. The first of them was observing of selected physical-chemical and microbiological indicators and algae in bathing waters of dams Lipno, Orlík, Slapy situated on the Vltava River between years 2006 and 2016. The second aim was observing of changes in water quality in the Vltava River and dams Lipno, Orlík, Slapy in the direction as river flows in the period of ten years. The thesis is divided into the theoretical and the practical part. The issue of water quality for bathing, indicators for its evaluation and the description of chosen dams on the Vltava River are written in the theoretical part. The practical part was realized by the method of the secondary analysis of data. The analysed data were gained from The National Health Institute with the permission of The Ministry of Health. The next data were given by The State Enterprise, Povodí Vltavy. The time period for the analysis was from years 2006 to 2016. Data gained were described in charts and graphs by the usage of computer programme Microsoft Excel. The part of this thesis was also the outdoor research. The gained results could be used as the source of information not only for general public but also for towns, villages or keepers of recreation facilities situated in this area. On the bases of discovered facts, data, documents, materials, outdoor research and their evaluation there will be given the complete view on the water quality in the dams intended for recreation with prediction about the future progress.
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Technická a softwarová optimalizace metod konfokální mikroskopie pro fotosyntetické organismy
LIŠKA, Jiří
Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy is an important method to study photosynthesis. During sample imaging by Confocal Microscope it is not possible to exposed sample by physiological irradiation. Therefore, an independent light source is necessary to be externally added. In this thesis, methods of sample irradiation by an the light sources has been studied, a method of the light source regulation and its synchronization with image acquisition has been solved.
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Use of autotrophic algae to production of biomass and some metabolites
Chrástová, Nikola ; Kostovová, Iveta (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
Chlorophyll and carotenoids are natural pigments and antioxidants. These pigments are suitable for use in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics or food industries. Lipids are another major metabolite of algae and are a potential feedstock for biofuel production. This bachelor thesis deals with the cultivation of selected genera of autotrophic algae, subsequent isolation of these selected metabolites and their application. The theoretical part focuses on the description of the algae, the metabolites produced, the cultivation and the chosen methods. The experimental part deals with the optimization of the cultivation of algae of the genera Chlorella, Chlamydomonas and Desmodesmus, depending on the chosen medium and intensity of illumination, determination and quantification of algal biomass. Further, extraction of lipidic and carotenoid substances and determination by HPLC and GC was performed. In the overall comparison, the best producer of biomass is the algal genus Desmodesmus and the highest production of pigments and lipid substances was reached in algae of the genus Chlamydomonas.
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Vegetable adaptogens - Schizandra chinensis
Pospíchalová, Lucie ; Půčková, Helena (referee) ; Kotlík, Josef (advisor)
This thesis deals with plant adaptogens (bioactive substances) in the plant Schisandra chinensis. The theoretical part is focused on characterization of the Schisandra genus, characterization of the Schisandra chinensis as a plant, its properties, occurrence and growing possibilities in the regional climate zone of the South Moravian Region as well as the use of this plant. Furthermore, adaptogens are described from a chemical point of view and their possible methods of isolation from individual parts of plants. The experimental part deals with extraction of fruits and leaves from plant Schisandra chinensis. Further, in the leaves extract was determined chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids by spectrophotometry, where the quantity of individual substances was confirmed for months April – May.
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Determination of Chlorophyll Content in Birch and Pine Trees Using Hyperspectral Data
Zachová, Kateřina ; Potůčková, Markéta (advisor) ; Brodský, Lukáš (referee)
The master thesis deals with the determination of the chlorophyll content in birch foliage (Betula pendula Roth) and Scots pine using hyperspectral data. The first part of the thesis concentrates on the literature search dealing with the methods of chlorophyll content in the foliage of selected plant species. In the practical part the emphasis is on the study of spectral reflectance curves and finding their relation to the chlorophyll content from the laboratory determination. Images taken with the hyperspectral sensor HyMap and spectral reflectance curves obtained with the ground ASD FieldSpec 3 spectrometer were available. Using the derived regression model chlorophyll maps were created for Scots pine for three selected locations in the Sokolov coal basin area.
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Specific water properties of pit lakes in the Czech Republic
Hrdinka, Tomáš ; Janský, Bohumír (advisor) ; Benešová, Libuše (referee) ; Herber, Vladimír (referee)
Anthropogenic lakes constitute a significant part of the Czech countryside water component which has not been given sufficient attention so far. The presented thesis deals with the assessment of variability of physico-chemical properties of water in 30 selected pit lakes in order to identify specific features associated with quarrying of different mineral raw materials, basin morphometry and trophic level of the lakes affecting the quality of accumulated water. In the second part of the thesis the author deals with the comprehensive limnological study of the Hromnické Lake with extreme water chemism resulting from excavation of pyritic shales and focuses on the phenomenon of meromixis especially. The results are based on the evaluation of physical properties of water in the lake vertical profile (temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH, transparency and colour) and chemical analyzes of water samples collected from the surface and bottom of the lakes during the four seasons in 2003-07 (determination of Ca, Mg, Na, K, Nammon., NO3 - , SO4 2- , Cl- and alkalinity), including determination of chlorophyll-a. In the case study of the Hromnické Lake conducted in 2010-11, the analysis of hydrological regime of the lake, determination of PO4 3- , TOC, selected metals (Fe, Mn, Al, Zn, Ni, Cu, Co,...
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