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Good Governance in Theory and Practice
Vošahlíková, Radka ; Ochrana, František (advisor) ; Půček, Milan Jan (referee)
This master's thesis offers comprehensive perspective of good governance concept in a theoretical level as well as from a practical point of view with emphasis on the Czech Republic. The objective of the thesis is to investigate the theoretical background of the good governance concept and its basic principles, focused on dealing with the concept in the Czech Republic. The work also provides the assessment of the critical points associated with the good governance concept implementation and attempts to provide the possible solutions to eliminate these points. Thirteen research interviews were conducted with the public administration staff members and the leading experts in the field to analyze the current state of good governance in the Czech Republic. Thematic analysis was utilized for this purpose and results have shown that good governance is not broadly applied yet. Besides the apparent issues such as problems with human resources, communication, politicization of public administration, departmentalism or absence of long-term vision, the key obstacle to implementation of the good governance concept in the Czech Republic seems to be low level of cultural and social standards.
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The Fight against Corruption in Prague - the Anti-corruption Strategy of Government and Civil Society during the "Necas's government".
Urbanová, Hana ; Guasti, Petra (advisor) ; Navrátil, Jiří (referee)
Presented work deals with the issue of fighting against corruption. In a theoretical level the work informs about the causes of corruption and the tools that are currently used for its persecuting. In the practical part I try to find out the way of improvement of corruption range seen throgh the eyes of actors that operate in Prague city. The aim of the work is to identify possibilities of efficiency improvement of nonprofit organizations and the public sector in the field of fighting against the corruption. The analytical part of the work, therefore, maps the situation in relations between selected non-profit organizations and relations between them and the public administration, which is in this work represented by the Prague City Hall - an institution which represents by the local government activities.
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US lobbyists in the EU: significance of home country regulation for lobbying behaviour in a less regulated environment
Vilimovská, Lucia ; Martinková, Viera (advisor) ; Plechanovová, Běla (referee)
Diploma thesis "US lobbyists in the EU: significance of home country regulation for lobbying behaviour in a less regulated environment" tackles the topic of lobbying in terms of comparing two differently regulated environments and the behaviour of lobbyists in these environments. In the introduction, the thesis analyses the current definitions and theoretical anchoring of the expert debate on lobbying, attempts to define this concept and to determine the basic research characteristics. The thesis attempts to describe why lobbying should be regulated and how is affected by lobbying transparency enhancement debate. Subsequently, the thesis describes and compares the regulation of lobbying in the United States and the European Union, while also taking into account international standards. The empirical part of the thesis is based on data provided by the American research center "Center for Responsive Politics". From this basic dataset, the companies and associations that lobby in the United States and the European Union, in particular, their basic documents and websites, are then researched based on established criteria. The aim of the thesis is to analyse whether companies and associations lobbying in a more regulated environment of the United States of America are transferring their 'taught'...
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Transparency of NGOs Fighting against Corruption in the Czech Republic
Vomastková, Tereza ; Navrátil, Jiří (advisor) ; Deverová, Lenka (referee)
This thesis discusses the topic of anti-corruption, non-governmental, non-profit organisations (NGOs), and specifically the relationship between their transparency and their sources of financial income. Inasmuch as the activities of such NGOs are of general public interest, and their output should therefore be available to everyone, this thesis focuses on the transparency of these organisations on the Internet as the most accessible medium. The theoretical part of the thesis scrutinises some key concepts, such as anti-corruption NGO, accountability, transparency and organisational resources. The research sample includes 23 organisations who declare to be fighting against corruption and data collection was carried out via the Internet. The goal of this thesis was to analyse the transparency of Czech anti-corruption NGOs since such an analysis has not been carried out to date. An overview of financing and transparency of the organisations under investigation was based on an analysis of their web pages and annual reports. The index of transparency shows the accessibility of information and its correlation with the structure of financial resources determines how various financial resources are related to the organisation's transparency. In the resultant discussion, the findings introduced in the theoretical...
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The Conformity of the Managerial and Democratic Imperatives of Governance in Non-Governmental Organizations (Comparison betwěeen Berlin, Cairo, and Prague)
Abdelhafez, Dina ; Frič, Pavol (advisor) ; El Baradei, Laila (referee) ; Pospíšilová, Tereza (referee)
Governance is derived from the French word "gouverner", so Good Governance refers to the way to control, steer, rule, and direct the organizations by the individuals who are in charge of the management affairs. The study uses the theory of Alexis de Tocqueville (1956), which emphasizes the importance of the presence of democracy to manage the internal tasks of the organizations, so these NGOs can play a role in fostering democracy in civil society. The study intends to find out the imperatives of good NGOs' governance through linking the daily operational tasks and the applications of democratic principles inside NGOs by using the qualitative research method to collect information and compare the implementation of the imperatives of good NGOs' governance in organizations in Berlin, Cairo, and Prague. Thus, the study presents two normative frameworks; the first one is to conceptualize and operationalize the imperatives of good NGOs' governance through integrating democratic theory with the representation and participation schools, and the second one is to examine the influence of the internal and external factors on the implementation of these imperatives in NGOs. The thesis categorizes the "Good NGOs' Governance Imperatives" into managerial imperatives and democratic imperatives. The managerial...
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Sprayable elastic biopolymer hydrogels for wound healing
Waclawiková, Petra ; Nedomová, Eva (referee) ; Vojtová, Lucy (advisor)
Cíle prezentované bakalářské práce jsou zamšřeny na přípravu a charakteristiku sprejovatelných hydrogelů z vhodných netoxických látek, za účelem vyvinutí gelů aplikovatelných pro řízené hojení ran. Teoretická část se zabývá obecnými vlastnostmi hydrogelů, způsoby jejich síťování, a uvádí vybrané přírodní a syntetické materiály používané pro přípravu hydrogelů. Obsahuje také krátký přehled již připravených sprejovatelných hydrogelů, které ale zatím nejsou komerčně využívány. Experimentální část popisuje výběr a použití lehce dostupných netoxických materiálů a měření chemicko-fyzikálních vlastností z nich připravených gelů. Jako strukturní polymery byly zvoleny gum Karaya, poly(vinyl alcohol) a alginát sodný společně s různými fyzikálními síťovadly a aditivy. Polymery včetně aditiv byly podrobeny zkouškám rozpustnosti, a v určitých poměrech byly smíchány a následně síťovány za tvorby přednostně transparentních hydrogelů. Poté byly vyhodnoceny jejich optické a reologické vlastnosti. Z měření optických vlastností vyplývá, že gum Karaya ovlivňuje růst jak žlutosti, tak i transparentnosti připravených hydrogelů. Reologické měření prokázalo že vyšší obsah polysacharidu gum Karaya snižuje mechanickou odolnost připravených hydrogelů. Tuhost hydrogelů byla ovlivněna jak nízkou tak i vysokou koncentrací síťovadla, kde optimální množství vykázalo nejlepší výsledky. Správný poměr a dávkování použitých látek jsou tedy hlavními parametry pro získání nejvhodnějších vlastností hydrogelů pro sprejovatelné obvazy na hojení ran.
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Lobbing and its regulation i Czech and international context
Hoferek, Jan ; Staša, Josef (advisor) ; Rajchl, Jiří (referee)
Lobbying and its regulation in Czech and international context Abstract This Master's thesis investigates the phenomena of lobbying and its regulation both in international and subsequently national context, following a current government draft law on lobbying. The thesis is divided into three chapters. In the first chapter, a suitable definition of lobbying is sought and its functions, most common typologies and three main theories are presented. After that, attention is shifted to the mutual relationship between lobbying and corruption and their interactions. In the following part, possible approaches towards the legitimacy of lobbying as a part of democratic process are presented. The end of the chapter analyses general background of lobbying activity regulation and its forms and tools. The second chapter is concerned with lobbying and concrete modes of its regulation in three selected countries - Lithuania, Poland, and Slovenia. The individual subsections have the same structure: at the beginning, the overall history of the regulation is outlined, followed by the introduction of the national lobbying environment. After that, relevant legal definitions are summed up, the regulation is comprehensively presented and then, based on academic literature, evaluated. Each of the subsections is concluded with...
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Anonymous Companies and Public Procurement: Evidence from the Czech Republic
Jakab, Miroslav ; Palanský, Miroslav (advisor) ; Janský, Petr (referee)
Anonymous Companies and Public Procurement: Evidence from the Czech Republic Abstract This thesis follows up on previous research concerning inefficiencies linked to tenders awarded to anonymous companies. After anonymous shares were abolished in 2014, the question is whether similar inefficiencies can be detected in the case of companies that ceased to be anonymous. A balanced sample of formerly anonymous companies and their comparable peers was constructed via a matching algorithm. A Welch unequal variance t-test was then used to check whether a disproportionate drop in selected performance indicators and in the share of formerly anonymous companies on total volume of public procurement can be detected. A linear regression model was further applied to inquire about the effect of anonymity and former anonymity on tender-specific savings. The results show that anonymity significantly contributes to lower tender savings, but no similar negative effect can be found in case of formerly anonymous companies. Profitability of the formerly anonymous companies also decreased, but no long- term drop in tender volume was found, indicating that a large portion of the inefficiencies can be traced back to well-established businesses rather than special purpose shells. This thesis thus extends the present research in the...
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Optimization of optical and transport properties of PVA based hydrogels
Zahrádka, Jan ; Kalina, Michal (referee) ; Sedláček, Petr (advisor)
The main goal of this bachelor thesis is to design and optimize a suitable method for preparation of transparent physically crosslinked hydrogels with manipulable transport properties. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) crosslinked by cyclic freezing and thawing was chosen as the model gel-forming material. From the originally proposed three mechanisms of influencing optical properties of thus prepared PVA gels, the influence of freezing rate was selected on the basis of pilot screening experiments for a deeper follow-up analysis. The mechanical properties of prepared hydrogels were analyzed by rheology using strain sweep test. The internal structure was visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optimized technique for preparation of transparent PVA gels was subsequently used for preparation of gels with an interpenetrated polyelectrolyte component (poly (styrene sulfonate)). It was then experimentally verified by diffusion pair method with methylene blue as diffusion probe that the hybrid hydrogel network has modified transport properties.
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