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Legal regime of natural resources o f celestial bodies
Pepřík, Šimon ; Hofmannová, Mahulena (advisor) ; Ondřej, Jan (referee)
1 Legal regime of natural resources of celestial bodies Abstract The aim of this thesis is to describe the legal regime of the natural resources of celestial bodies. In recent months and years, there has been an increase in debates regarding mining on the moon and asteroids and this thesis dedicates its seven parts to the legal regime of such activities. In particular, whether such activities are possible from the point of view of international law, how are they regulated and what are the potential future developments in this area. In order to understand the legal regime governing the natural resources of celestial bodies, it is necessary to first become acquainted with the essential concepts of space law, including outer space, celestial bodies and outer space resources, whose definition is the subject of the first part of the thesis. The second part describes the development of international space law, from the first mentions in legal commentary to the creation of two important international documents in this area, the Outer Space Treaty and the Moon Agreement. Both international treaties are analysed and compared in individual chapters both in terms of their international acceptance and in terms of the regulation of activities in the field of outer space resources. Subsequently, their possible future...
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Perspectives of flue-gas desulphurisation gypsum and rock gypsum in the Czech Republic
Nymsa, Zdeněk ; Přikryl, Richard (advisor) ; Ettler, Vojtěch (referee)
Flue gas desulphurisation (FGD) gypsum makes one of the so-called coal combustion by-products. FGD gypsum is the mostly used type of synthetic gypsum. In many applications, it can fully substitute natural rock gypsum (e.g. in wallboard production or as setting retarder in cement industry). Production and usage of FGD gypsum is directly connected with electricity generation based on coal combustion. In a broad scale, FGD gypsum appeared in Japan, USA, and Western Europe in 1970s-1980s, a bit later (in 1990s) also in Central Europe. During recent decades, the technology quickly spreads in Asia (China, India, etc.) as well. Ironically, the countries which used FGD gypsum technology as the first, will be probably also the first one which will cease the technology due to demise from energy generation in coal power stations. With a certain delay, similar trend is expected in the Czech Republic as well. Based on this presumption, this BSc. thesis discusses various scenarios, including possibility of long-term deposition of FGD gypsum in order to allow its usage over longer period in the future. Besides this, the thesis also strengthens the importance of natural gypsum, which will replace FGD gypsum in the future.
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Mining industry and regional development of the most important mining regions of Colombia
Soukupová, Karolína ; Burdych, Tomáš (advisor) ; Vágner, Jiří (referee)
The work focuses on the analysis of impacts and benefits of mining activities on a regional development of the main mining regions of Colombia. The socio-economic benefits of mining and its positive and negative impacts on individual actors, especially on the population, will be explored on a sample of selected mining regions. The work is based mainly upon the research of Academic Articles, Internet and Local Media News reports. The theoretical framing of the work is based mainly upon the hypothesis of the natural resources curse and the theory of Dutch disease. The analysis is based on available statistical data related to individual mining regions. key words: Colombia, Natural Resource Curse, Mining, Natural Resources, Regional Development
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THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF TATMADAW: Are Natural Resources A Barrier To An Economic Transition In Myanmar?
Kumbun, Lanung Tu ; Benáček, Vladimír (advisor) ; Růžička, Ivan (referee)
Myanmar's economic freedom is ranked the lowest amongst ASEAN countries. Thus its fact that Myanmar's economy is interfered with by the military regime - The question "Why economic growth and prosperity?" needs to be analyzed in order to understand Tatmadaw's intervention in the economy. The "Are natural resources a an economic transition in Myanmar?" and "How does Tatmadaw control natural resources?" The hypotheses I test here are: (1) "The abundance of entrepreneurial society." (2) "Natural resources are an important factor enabling Tatmadaw to game." (3) "Natural resources partially trigger and fuel civil war between Tatmadaw and ethnic armed groups due to contesting resource grabs." And (4) "China's resource hunger is conducive to Tatmadaw to exploit natural resources". In my
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Economic development of the Canadian Arctic and the impact of mining on Inuit
Švecová, Marianna ; Fiřtová, Magdalena (advisor) ; Šír, Jan (referee)
The bachelor thesis analyses and compares three main periods of the economic development in the Canadian Arctic, starting from the years 1950's until the end of the administrative of Prime Minister Harper in 2015. Mining of natural resources, as the base of the North's development, has been seen by the federal government also as a tool for cultural assimilation of Inuit into the dominant society. Nevertheless, participation of Inuit in mining activities and in fact in the whole employment culture has had serious impact on Aboriginal communities who have never been consulted about the federal strategy. However, while the first phase of development is characterized by strict colonialist approach of the government, the situation started to change during the second phase, characterized by a rising of Inuit's political participation and their first demonstrations of discontent. Although during the third, neoliberal era, several new mechanisms in order to improve the dialogue between Inuit, mining companies and the government were accepted, social conditions in Inuit communities remain below the Canadian average and with the government "laissez-faire" attitude they are not to be changed any time soon.
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Value of Territory: A Critical View on Natural Resources Being a Cause of Ethnic Conflict
Okonkwo Gattuso, Nicole ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Ditrych, Ondřej (referee)
Nicole Okonkwo Gattuso Diploma Thesis Abstract Abstract Keywords: Value of Territory, Natural Resources, Niger Delta Region, Ethnic Conflict, Separatist movements, Biafra. This study deals with the ethnic conflict in the Federal Republic of Nigeria. The main objective of this study is to analyse whether the valued territory of the Niger Delta region is the cause of the ethnic conflict in the country. Moreover, the geographical south-east region of Nigeria is trying to separate itself from the rest of the federation because the Igbo population inhabiting this region claims they are being marginalised in the country. However, if the south-east region, called also Biafra, becomes the Biafran Republic it is highly probable that the south-south is going to separate along. The federal government is not satisfied with the fact, as 80% of the federal revenue comes from the Niger Delta region and they do not want to loose it. Therefore, my findings show that if the movement for the secession of Biafra is going to be crushed down by force, the movement will radicalise and get stronger with the intensified dissatisfaction of the local population. The local population of these two geographical regions created many movements which are fighting not only the federal government but also the multination corporation...
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Causes of Civil Wars: The Influence of Natural Resurces Extractive Technologies on the Probability of Civil War Outbreak
Klosek, Kamil ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Plechanovová, Běla (referee)
This study aimed to provide more general knowledge about the mechanisms which link natural resources with civil war outbreaks. The theoretical point of departure was the feasibility hypothesis hypothesis of Collier et al. (2009) in which the authors state that the paramount interest of researchers of civil wars should be directed at the structural conditions within a country. One of their assertions pertained to the role of natural resources. Those provide a potential revenue source for insurgents to finance their rebellion. Hence, the higher the dependence of a state on natural resource exports, the higher should be the probability of civil war outbreak. However, this account was heavily criticized by other researchers. Some claimed that the conceptualization of the Primary Commodity Exports (PCE) variable does not cover relevant natural resources (Fearon 2005), others pointed at the problem of reversed causality and endogeneity (Gleditsch 1998) and also others stressed to differentiate between different natural resources according to their proneness to be looted by rebels (Ross 2003). In order to address these problems, a new variable was conceptualized. The "extraction feasibility" variable measures the degree of extractability of a particular resource. It is composed of two notions, namely...
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The Greenlandic Journey towards Sovereignty: the Role of the European Union in this Process
Novotný, Dominik ; Váška, Jan (advisor) ; Svobodný, Petr (referee)
This thesis researches the role of the European Union in the Greenlandic journey towards economic self-sufficiency and political sovereignty. The main goal of the thesis is to interpret the position of EU as a foreign partner of Nuuk. The author concentrates on three main areas. The first one is fishery, the sector which is currently of the greatest importance to the country's economy and on the grounds of which Greenland left the structures of the European integration. This area was also fundamental for the shaping of the original form of the EU- Greenlandic relations. The second area is the extraction of Greenlandic natural resources, which in future might be the potential source of Greenlandic economic self-sufficiency; however this will not be possible without foreign investments. The third area is the political framework of sovereignty-seeking efforts within the country, the entire Danish realm and in the global context. This paper is a compilation thesis supplemented by author's interpretations of primary sources. In the thesis the author confirms his hypothesis that the EU even after Greenland left the EEC represents a fundamental aspect for the development of Greenland toward full independence.
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Natural sources and sinks of volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons in the spruce forest ecosystem
Štangelová, Pavla ; Tesařová, Eva (advisor) ; Pavlík, Milan (referee)
Biogeochemical cycle of chlorine, particularly the formation of organically bound chlorine is still not well understood. In continental ecosystems chlorides act as source of chlorine, and also as a stress factor. Chlorides originate from precipitation of marine cloud masses. Organically bound chlorine in the environment is formed naturally by biotical and abiotical way. The biotical factors are microorganisms, plants, soil enzymes and animals. Volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons (VOCl) represent one group of organically bound chlorines. Several volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons reacts with atmospheric ozone, consequently causing depletion of the ozone layer. The most important known terrestrial source of volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons is the spruce forest ecosystem. Chlorine in the soil can be transformed by microorganisms into organically bound chlorine or translocated by transpiration stream in plants, where they are also transformed enzymatically into organically bound chlorine, and both of them can be emitted into the atmosphere. Too large amounts of chloride can affect the physiological functions of plants. In this thesis experiments were designed for measuring the natural emissions of volatile halogenated hydrocarbons from plants and fungi, with various periods of incubation, and also to...
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