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Effect of M1043 on the expression of inflammatory markers in a mouse model of NASH - immunohistochemical analysis
Hušková, Eliška ; Němečková, Ivana (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department: Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Laboratory diagnostics in healthcare Author: Eliska Huskova Supervisor: RNDr. Ivana Nemeckova, Ph.D. Title of thesis: The impact of M1043 on the expression of inflammatory markers in a mouse model of NASH - immunohistochemical analysis Introduction and aim of the study: The liver is an organ with many important functions in the body, such as detoxification and regulation of lipid metabolism. Impairment of these processes can lead to NASH, a disease associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome, characterized by inflammation and accumulation of fat droplets in the liver. Studies focused on NASH are important for understanding the pathophysiology and developing new therapeutic strategies. The use of mouse models allows the investigation of pathogenesis and testing of different therapeutic approaches. This study examines the effect of the anti-endoglin antibody M1043 on the expression of inflammatory markers in a mouse model of NASH. Methodology: Mice were fed a diet inducing NASH and divided into two groups, one receiving rat IgG antibody and the other one, receiving the anti-endoglin antibody M1043. The livers were collected and processed using immunohistochemical...
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Mining novel terpene synthases from large-scale repositories
Čalounová, Tereza ; Pluskal, Tomáš (advisor) ; Štáfková, Jitka (referee)
Terpenes and terpenoids represent the largest and most structurally diverse group of natural products, with applications across many fields, including the pharmaceutical industry. These molecules are synthesized in nature by enzymes known as terpene synthases. This thesis conducted a bioinformatic analysis of a curated database containing all 1125 experimentally characterized terpene synthases, focusing on identifying patterns in sequence lengths and domain architectures of these enzymes across different kingdoms of life. Based on this analysis's knowledge, sequence-guided mining was conducted to identify possible new terpene synthases. Using nearly 5.5 billion protein sequences from various large-scale sequence repositories, the mining resulted in the identification of more than 600 thousand putative terpene synthases. These putative terpene synthases mainly originate from Bacteria and metagenomes, sources that had historically been less explored. The resulting dataset, accompanied by a phylogenetic tree, sequence similarity network, and two prioritization scores, offers a valuable resource for the discovery of novel terpenes. Keywords: terpene synthase, TPS, mining, Pfam, SUPERFAMILY, domain, terpene
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Luminiscence of uranyl minerals and possibilities of its use as an analytical method
Cenek, Ondřej ; Goliáš, Viktor (advisor) ; Zachariáš, Jiří (referee)
This paper deals with the study of luminescence of uranyl minerals in ultraviolet radiation. Mineral samples of metaautunite, schröckingerite, natrozippeite and saléeite were studied. Twenty samples were selected for research and they were unambiguously determined using X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectrometry. For each sample, a luminescence spectrum was taken at 405 nm excitation radiation. Luminescence spectra were analyzed. The luminescence spectra of metaautunite contain 6 energy maxima. The maximum with the highest intensity is at an average position of 525.1 nm. Anomalous values are shown by two samples with an admixture of metauranocircite. The luminescence spectra of saléeite show a shift to lower wavelengths compared to metaautunite, caused by a change in the main cation (Ca - Mg). The spectra of saléeite show 5-7 energy maxima and the maximum with the highest intensity is at an average position of 521.2 nm. The spectra of schröckingerite contain 8-9 energy maxima and the maximum with the highest intensity is at an average position of 505.4 nm. An anomalous spectrum is shown by a sample with liebigite admixture. The luminescence spectra of natrozippeite are different compared to the other minerals used in this work. The spectra do not show isolated energy maxima, but one broad...
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Temperature and relative humidity vertical profile in atmosheric boudary layer by drone
Fedorenko, Mykhailo ; Hovorka, Jan (advisor) ; Bendl, Jan (referee)
The lower 200 meters of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is characterized by a high amount of atmospheric pollutants, whose distribution and transport can be predicted based on vertical profiles of specific physical parameters. Therefore, acquiring detailed vertical profiles in this range is essential. Traditional methods of measuring vertical profiles are not fully applicable in the context of the SL range. Radiosondes are not designed for frequent measurement of vertical profiles within 200 meters, and remote sensing methods often lack the spatiotemporal resolution needed for detailed measurements of such profiles, can monitor only certain parameters, have specific operational characteristics, and are associated with high costs. In contrast to these methods, the use of a drone as a mobile platform offers advantages in the form of high spatiotemporal resolution and the ability to profile at short intervals, which enables the capture of detailed dynamics of vertical profiles within 200 meters. In this work, using the DJI Air 2s drone equipped with an iMet-XQ2 sensor, measurements of temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) vertical profiles were conducted. The drone's vertical ascent speed was approximately 1 m/s, so measuring a profile up to 120 meters typically took about 120 seconds, with...
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Manifestations of facial asymmetry in young adulthood: the relationship between asymmetry of facial expressions and manifestations of brain laterality
Hřebcová, Eliška ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Měšťák, Jan (referee)
This thesis focuses on assessing longitudinal changes in facial asymmetry of both neutral expression and various facial expressions in adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 18 years and their relation to handedness. Shape changes were evaluated in 30 girls and 27 boys of which 3 girls and 2 boys were left-handed. For the analysis, 3D geometric morphometry applied to 3D facial scans was used. The scanning itself took place on three different occasions with a 1-year gap between them. A total amount of 1440 facial scans were taken and processed, while 453 of those were used for the analyses. The output of those analyses are colour maps visualizing changes in facial shape. Right-handers were assessed as a mean group, while left-handers were assessed only as individuals, due to their low numbers. The results of longitudinal assessment in right-handers show very similar trends between boys and girls. Protrusion in right side of the forehead and right side of the nose and maxilla was observed, as well as right-sided protrusion of lower lip and mandible in later ages. Left-sided protrusion of angulus mandibulae was observed in both sexes. An almost complete absence of the forementioned forehead protrusion was observed in all left-handers. Protrusion was more often allocated on a left side of the nose....
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Development of an HPLC method for quality control of food supplements based on valerian extract
Bílková, Veronika ; Šatínský, Dalibor (advisor) ; Sklenářová, Hana (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Analytical Chemistry Candidate: Veronika Bílková Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Dalibor Šatínský, Ph.D. Title of the diploma thesis: Development of a HPLC method for quality control of food supplements based on valerian extract In this diploma thesis, a new chromatography method for separation and determination of apigenin-7-glucoside, luteolin, acetoxyvalerenic acid, hydroxyvalerenic acid, valerenic acid, acevaltrate, and valepotriate in valerian extract was developed and validated. The chromatography method was subsequently used to determine the content of the active substances in food supplements: Advance Calmin, Allnature Kozlík bylinný extrakt, Anxiolan from Green-Swan Pharmaceuticals CR a.s., Barnys HypnoX forte from Biopol GN, Dr. Max Happy Sleep, Epiderma Spi v klidu, Kneipp Kozlík plus, NatureVia Sleepnox forte, Naturvita Antistres, Neospan forte od Simply You Pharmaceuticals a.s. and Terezia Spánek & Relax. To compare the content of substances, registered medicinal products were analyzed: Kneipp Kozlík 500 mg, Persen forte - Zentiva Group, a.s.. The method was also applied for quality control of liquid medicinal forms (drops, tinctures): Dr. Popov Kozlík lékařský, Green idea Kozlík lékařský extrakt and Tinctura valerianae...
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Effects of microplastics on earthworm gut microbiome, their immunity system and metabolome
Flohrová, Tereza ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (advisor) ; Lišková, Petra (referee)
Microplastics are widespread pollutants found in aquatic, atmospheric, and soil environments. They are released directly into the soil, for example, from mulch films and textiles. Microplastics accumulate in the soil and can have a negative impact on soil microfauna and macrofauna. Earthworms, acting as ecosystem engineers, and soil and gut bacteria play a significant role in biogeochemical cycles of biogenic elements. Disruption of earthworm function, their gut bacteria, or soil bacteria could have an impact on the entire ecosystem. In the context of this thesis, earthworms of the species Apporectodea sp. were exposed to microplastics from polypropylene black nonwoven textile at concentrations of 1 g/kg soil and 0.0265 g/kg soil for 14, 28, and 56 days. DNA was sequenced to identify bacteria from the earthworm gut, gut contents, and rearing soil. Additionally, untargeted analysis of metabolites from the earthworm body and extraction of immune cells from earthworms using three different methods were conducted. No significant changes caused by the presence of microplastics were found in the representation of bacteria from the gut, gut contents, and soil, but statistically significant changes in the metabolome were detected. A sufficient number of immune cells could not be isolated from the...
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Analysis of anti HLA antibodies using luminex (XMAP) methods in patients before and after kidney allotransplantation
Holoubková, Renata ; Jankovičová, Karolína (advisor) ; Andrýs, Ctirad (referee)
This work focuses on mastering the technique of examining anti-HLA antibodies using the multiplex Luminex method. The aim was to become proficient in working with analytical software capable of evaluating the specificity and levels of individual anti-HLA antibodies in patients' sera before and after kidney transplantation. Additionally, cut-off values for screening for anti-HLA antibodies in the assessed patient cohort were determined. Furthermore, an analysis of sensitization to individual HLA antigens was performed in a group of patients with low antibody levels. In the theoretical part of this work, I addressed the major histocompatibility system (HLA system) and its significance in transplantology. I also focused on the issues of transplant immunity and the principles of alloreactivity and rejection. I discussed the origin and significance of HLA antibodies and examined various methods for analyzing anti-HLA antibodies, particularly the multiplex Luminex method. In the experimental part, conducted at the Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology in Hradec Kralove, I analyzed antibodies targeting HLA class I and II antigens using the multiplex Luminex method. Screening index values were monitored for both HLA classes. In subsequent typing examinations, MFI values were observed for...
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USE OF AUTOMATIC COLLECTION OF GROUND CONTROL POINTS FOR ORIENTATION OF ARCHIVAL AERIAL IMAGERY USING EXISTING DATA SETS
Berka, Rostislav ; Potůčková, Markéta (advisor) ; Dušánek, Petr (referee)
USE OF AUTOMATIC COLLECTION OF GROUND CONTROL POINTS FOR ORIENTATION OF ARCHIVAL AERIAL IMAGERY USING EXISTING DATA SETS Abstract The diploma thesis is focused on the automated searching of ground control points (GCPs) for processing archival aerial images (AAIs) and creating orthomosaics. The study evaluates selected computer vision operators (SIFT, SURF, ORB and image correlation) and various approaches for identifying and subsequently matching identical points between the reference dataset (current orthophoto) and AAIs. Thanks to AAIs georeferences, the searching area in AAI is known for finding the corresponding point to the reference one (from current orthophoto). Unfortunately, the georeferencing of AAIs provided by the Czech Office for Surveying, Mapping, and Cadastre (ČÚZK) was methodologically incorrect (very bad accuracy) and it had to be corrected before automated GCPs searching. The topic was supported by ČÚZK and datasets (current orthophoto, AAIs, ZABAGED vector data) were provided for processing purposes free of charge (beyond the standard student license). Based on operator testing, a fully automated methodology was developed in Python, relying on image correlation. The input includes AAIs, current orthophoto and a road network, with road intersections as reliable and time invariant points....
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PISA-like tasks supported by a physics experiment
Štyksová, Gabriela ; Kácovský, Petr (advisor) ; Mandíková, Dana (referee)
Title: PISA-like tasks supported by a physics experiment Author: Gabriela Štyksová Department: Department of Physics Education Supervisor: RNDr. Petr Kácovský, Ph.D., Department of Physics Education Abstract: As part of this thesis, a search was conducted of released tasks from the international PISA survey (Programme for International Student Assessment) which focuses on testing 15- year-olds' knowledge in reading, mathematics and science literacy. Several tasks were selected on the basis of the research, to which new activities proposed by the author of the thesis were added. The thesis consists of 6 activities Dollhouse, Climadiagram 1, Climadiagram 2, Radioactivity, Temperature changes and Shadows. The last two mentioned activities were created based on PISA tasks, the other four activities were created by author of the thesis. Each activity was prepared in the form of worksheets for students and with solutions and methodical comments for teachers. These worksheets were tested in real teaching at a grammar school and also evaluated by teachers working at primary or secondary schools. Keywords: PISA, scientific literacy, physics experiment, physics teaching and learning
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