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Development and consequences of public debt in selected countries of the EU
Koukalová, Eva ; Stuchlíková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Hnát, Pavel (referee)
The main goal of this thesis is to introduce the topic of public debt and its connection to budget deficit, and to compare the situation in 2 selected countries of the European Union, Ireland and Portugal. The first chapter describes the theory of public finance, its function and the main principles. It focuses on the problem of fiscal imbalance, approach of the European union (especially with regards to the Stability and Growth Pact), it also explains the theory of budget deficit and public debt. Second and third chapters are focused on the selected countries of the EU - Ireland and Portugal - as countries that are facing major problems in the area of public finance and are highly likely to ask for financial help, as it happend in the case of Greece. The chapters describe an overall economic situation of the two countries, the causes of public debt and its increase, approach of the EU towards them, proposed and agreed austerity measures, possible solutions and also further prospects for the future.
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Influence of government bonds on private investment in Czech republic
Hlaváček, Jiří ; Dočkal, Dalibor (advisor) ; Štěpánek, Pavel (referee)
This work is an analysis of the crowding out effect caused by issues of governmen bonds in small open economy - in this case in Czech republic. Issue of bonds is for government one of possible solutions to budget deficits. There is no integrated opinion on the effect, which issues of government bonds have on private investment, in the theory. If the economy is not fully open, it can be crowd out. On the one hand neokeynesian Mundell-Fleming model talks about decrease of level of net exports. On the other hand the neoclassical by R. Barro developed Ricardian equivalence says, that private consumption will decrease in the reaction to budget deficit. Mundell-Fleming model is presented as an traditional theory and the Baroo's theory is refused. Empirical study in this work can this opinion validate or disapprove by observation of trends of budget deficit, issues of government debt, interest rates and private investment in Czech republic.
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Public Insolvency Impacts of Czech Economics
Balla, Luděk ; Votava, Libor (advisor)
This work first defines and describes the term "public debt" itself. Further the work focuses on the reasons of its emergence, the sources of financing the state budget deficit and theoretical possibilities of its elimination. The practical part of the work discusses the development of the public debt of the Czech Republic and the different views of the right and left wing political parties on it. The next part of the work explores the problems connected with the contemporary restrictive policy and the attitudes of the public to the policy which is trying to stop further raising of the public debt.
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The Impact of Ffiscal Policy on Foreign Exchange Rate Developments in the Last Decade
Vašková, Kateřina ; Ševčík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Zabranská, Monika (referee)
Diploma thesis deals with problem whether fiscal policy has an impact on development of currency exchange rate. The first aim of the thesis is to describe some theoretical models which consider possibilities of relationship between fiscal policy and currency exchange rate and to give a notice where can be differences. The thesis introduces a function of fiscal policy, a creation of currency exchange rate and describes an environment of exchange market. Currency exchange rate is stable on its market defined value in the long term. I suppose also that interventions of leaders of fiscal policy can not influence currency exchange rate positively. On the other hand, there could be a negative impact on currency exchange rate by leaders of fiscal policy. The second aim of the thesis is to analyze an impact of government debt on development of currency exchange rate, mainly are analyzed the Czech republic, Great Britain and some other selected countries of the European union. In the thesis are provided macroeconomic data of mentioned countries, mainly government debt to gross domestic product, budget deficit to gross domestic product, development of currency exchange rate and some information about macroeconomic situation of countries. Final part of the thesis provides an analysis of an impact of debt on currency exchange rate (correlation analysis, graphical comparing).
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Public debts in the world - analysis of public finances focusing on G-20 countries
Matějka, Jan ; Jílek, Josef (advisor) ; Běláčková, Vendula (referee)
This thesis deals with the problem of public debt within the G-20 countries and the Czech Republic. The current state of public finances in these countries was analyzed through the so called Public Finance Checklist, which has been specifically developed for this thesis. The Checklist includes some public sector liabilities that are not a part of the conventional analysis of public sector debt. The results of analysis show that hidden liabilities constitute a significant part of the total amount of public debt in the analyzed countries. This fact presents a threat to stability of public finances. While the total public debt is increasing, governments aim to optically decrease the level of debt. The author assumes that the reason for such behavior is the arrangement of political system with missing corrective mechanisms of the principal-agent problem and moral hazard put into effect by political representatives. At the end of the thesis the author suggests some methods to fix the problems and restrict the growth of public debt.
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The fulfillment of the Maastricht convergence criteria by Greece
Furicová, Veronika ; Kalínská, Emílie (advisor) ; Čajka, Radek (referee)
The main objective of this work is the fulfillment of the Maastricht convergence criteria by Greece. The first chapter deals with the general characteristics, historical, political and economical development since World War II to the present. The second chapter shows and explains the Maastricht convergence criteria. The third chapter assesses the performance of Greece's convergence criteria before joining the EMU and fiscal performance during the membership in EMU. The first will focus on the implementation of the nominal convergence criteria in the 3rd stage of EMU, under which the Greeks as the only candidate country for membership were not admitted. The second objective pursued is the implementation of the fiscal criteria for membership in EMU from 2001 to present.
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State budget deficit of the Slovak Republic and its financing
Mesežnikov, Roman ; Radová, Jarmila (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the state budget deficit of the Slovak Republic and its financing. The first part analyzes the deficit of the state budget in general terms -- what it is, how it is originating, what types of deficit exist, how it can be covered. We find out that in principle the five possible ways are leading to the deficit, and there are just five possible ways how it can be "addressed". The next part analyzes the development of public debt and the state budget deficit in the Slovak Republic since its establishment and looks how it was covered. We find out that the budget deficit was largely covered by issuing governmental securities, therefore in the final part of this bachelor thesis we deal with treasury bills and governmental bonds. We mention the importance of State Treasury and the Agency for Management of Debt and Liquidity( ARDAL), the rules of the primary market with governmental securities and, in the end, we analyze development of their issuance.
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Analysis of the Czech Republic fiscal policy after the European Union accession
Kodejšová, Martina ; Izák, Vratislav (advisor) ; Blažek, Petr (referee)
The aim of this thesis: The Analysis of the Czech Republic fiscal policy after the European Union accession are to describe and monitor development of Czech fiscal policy, remind context of economic and political cycle with fiscal policy in sequence of factual development and evaluate fiscal policy from the standpoint of the accession to EU and possible acceptance of the Euro, too. First part of paper is attended to basic terms delimitation of economic and fiscal policy. In subsequent parts is analyzed development of the most important fiscal policy indicators on the basis of acquired informations and evaluated fiscal policy from the perspective of its positioning. The last part is attended to consequence between Czech Republic and European Union, above all observance evaluation of Maastricht convergent criteria. Attention is aimed also at Stability and Growth Pact
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Fiscal bankruptcy of Hungary - the way that also the Czech Republic follows?
Pařízek, Ondřej ; Ježek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Dočkal, Dalibor (referee)
The first goal of this thesis is to reveal main causes of increasing public debts of the Czech Republic and Hungary. The results of that analysis should show us whether the both countries differ in such causes or not and if there is a chance that the Czech Republic's public finance system could be in danger, as it happened in Hungary in 2008. At the beginning, we suppose that there are no important differences in those causes and that the main reason for the increasing public debts are long-term budget deficits which are of structural character. That means that those structural deficits are formed on purpose, by irresponsible fiscal policy. The other goal of this thesis is to analyse the most important factors which cause the long-term structural deficits in the Czech Republic, and to suggest some steps which would help to stop the further creation of those deficits.
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