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Legal and philosophical aspects of free will
Kutílek, Lukáš ; Maršálek, Pavel (advisor) ; Tryzna, Jan (referee)
This thesis seeks an answer to a question of whether social normative systems, particularly law and morality, are consistent with the most recent scientific and philosophical findings. Those in fact often conclude that the human will is not free and that the human decision- making is only a physiological process governed by the laws of physics. Such findings thus, at a first glance, collide mainly with the concept of responsibility, through which law and morality are implemented. Therefore, the paper begins with a brief introduction of the current state of knowledge concerning free will and presents mainly determinism and indeterminism. The conclusion of the first part called Free Will and Determinism introduces a view of the world, which best suits the current state of knowledge and is further referred to as Physicalism. The second part called Law, Morality, Physicalism, briefly presents law and morality as regulators of human behavior, for which the concept of free will is fundamental. The focus of the thesis then shifts towards the institutions of criminal and civil law, that seem to be threatened by Physicalism the most. However, general consistency of Physicalism and the examined normative concepts is concluded, while it is argued that within the physicalistic view of the world, law and morality...
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The truth of future contingent propositions as a logical and philosophical problem
Kolínská, Marie ; Svoboda, Vladimír (advisor) ; Bendová, Kamila (referee)
According to some logicians and philosophers, future contingent propositions pose a specific problem. Many of those who look into this problem now and those who looked into it (even hundreds) years ago, refer to Aristotle. Nevertheless not in agreement. Our aim is to give an overview of traditional and non-traditional interpretations of the part of Aristotle's work which deals with this issue. On the basis of their comparison we will try to uncover what causes the variety of readings. That will allow us to assess whether the truth of future contingent propositions really is a specific problem and what is its actual nature.
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Reconstruction n. 5
Nováček, Daniel ; Buraj, Ivan (referee) ; Sterec, Pavel (advisor)
Value of the category of the real is not lost due to a process of measuring. The problem is not the fact of measuring, but it‘s insufficient quantity and detail. Methodology of analysis of systems, subsystems, functions of incorporated elements and their reproduction with a determined reality.
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Syntactic Analysis Based on Special Models
Zámečníková, Eva ; Masařík, Karel (referee) ; Lukáš, Roman (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is dealing with translation based on coupled finite automaton. Coupled finite automaton contains input and output automaton. The input automaton makes syntactic analysis with an input string. Used rules from the input automaton control the output automaton, which generates an output string. Basic topic of this thesis is determinisation of the input automaton without loss of information about rules used in original automaton.
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The Pushdown Automaton Simulator
Graizely, Martin ; Blatný, Petr (referee) ; Bidlo, Radek (advisor)
Visualization often helps with the understanding and allows for a quicker grasp of the problem. This work is aimed on implementation of pushdown automaton simulator. The purpose of the application is to ease understanding of such abstract machine and its abilities, by providing visual design and possibility of algorithm's interactive animation.
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Belief in Free Will and College Students
Noskovič, Marek ; Kučera, Miloš (advisor) ; Klusák, Miroslav (referee)
Is free will simply an illusion? Or is it justifiable that we have built on free will our whole human society, including the legal system? For several centuries, there has been a debate in philosophical and theological circles about whether there is a free will or, on the contrary, our life is determined from the very beginning. I would like to contribute to better understanding of free will through my Bachelor Thesis, especially from the point of view of the latest knowledge in psychology. Including history, various philosophical and theological conceptions of this phenomenon, I will deal with an influence of faith in free will on our psyche and happiness in life. With a questionnaire of Free Will and eterminism (FAD Plus), I will examine how faith in free will or determinism affects school success of college students. Keywords Free will, determinism, fatalism, unpredictibility, psychology, college students, belief, grades
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Galen Strawson's impossibility of (moral) responsibility
EDL, Tomáš
In this thesis I attempt to introduce Galen Strawson's position, which he adopts in the free will debate followed by the debate about his Basic Argument. While giving a de-tailed account of responsibility as a reflective rational responsiveness, I show that re-sponsibility is in no respect causa sui and therefore it is not impossible for human beings to reach it, explained with the reasons given by Strawson. I refuse steps B, C, 8, 9 and 10 of the Basic Argument. I claim that undetermined self-determination consists in the ability to make a decision in the light of actually revised principles of choice. Such revision is granted by actual ability to reflect the validity and adequacy of principles of choice in relation to motivating values in question by using methodical doubt as a universal tool do to so. Such reflection, with respect to what matters for decision making in question, is potentially ultimate. I claim that Strawson underestimates the uniqueness of reflective rationality especially, when missing the crucial difference between Fido the dog and Nemo the man in the situation of choice. Moreover, I suspect Strawson of excluding the subject of action or choice and its actual principles of choice from the realm of intelligible things. This leads to disruption of request to conception of the world as internally consistent and in principle attainable by human beings. Finally, I show why I find sophisticated fatalism problematic in both of its versions, deterministic as well as indeterministic.
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Parsing Based on Deep Pushdown Automata Systems
Šoustar, Jakub ; Kocman, Radim (referee) ; Meduna, Alexandr (advisor)
This thesis investigates deep pushdown automata and introduces their modification called controlled deep pushdown automata. Distributed deep pushdown automata systems and parallel communicating deep pushdown automata systems are described. Their accepting power and properties are investigated and several variants are introduced. This thesis proves that the accepting power of one such variant of parallel communicating deep pushdown automata systems is equal to the accepting power of Turing machines. A method for syntactical analysis based on the previously introduced automata systems is described.
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Thought intersections of philosophy and mathematics
Hlavešová, Ilona ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Blažková, Miloslava (referee)
The submitted thesis addresses the ideas that are at the intersections of philosophy and mathematics. These intersections have been in the course of the history as follows: Numerical ratios, the concept of infinity, continuum partition, space specification, determinism versus randomness and exploring of the mathematics foundations with an overlap into philosophy. The results herewith presented have been achieved on the basis of the HTF lectures and seminars, available literature, my own knowledge and reasoning. The thesis documents processes of how mathematics stimulated certain philosophical principles and vice versa how mathematics was influenced by philosophical views. Last but not least, there are presented comparisons between philosophic propositions and the current mathematics and physics knowledge in the mentioned intersections.
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