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Chlorofyl a jeho význam pro zdraví
Hübnerová, Amálie
This bachelor thesis deals with chlorophyll and its importance for health. It focuses on describing the structure of chlorophyll as a plant pigment and the organelle chlo-roplast in which it located. Properties that are important for photosynthesis are described here. Its application in the food industry and effect on health as an antio-xidant or use in the prevention of chronic diseases such as cancer, Diabetes mellitus and Trimethylaminuria have been investigated. Chlorophyll has even been found to act as a new antiviral against COVID-19.
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Effect of distance from the plant on the intensity of interaction between plants and soil
Skydaniuk, Liudmyla ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Mudrák, Ondřej (referee)
The concept of plant-soil feedback is increasingly used to explain plant-community interactions. As plants grow, they change the conditions in the surrounding soil environment. These soil changes affect further plant growth. We call this effect plant-soil feedback (PSF). The effect of PSF is typically studied directly in the place where the plant grows. How far from the plant this effect can be, however, is little explored, but this knowledge is important for understanding the structure of plant communities. The main goal of thesis was to investigate the effects of the distance from the plant on the intensity of intraspecific and interspecific feedback between the plant and the soil. The research was conducted using a classic, two-phase experiment. Four species were selected for the research, forming two pairs of one grass and one broad-leaved herb each time. The first pair were Bromus erectus and Inula salicina occurring naturally on dry lawns in northern Bohemia. The second pair were Calamagrostis epigeios and Daucus carota, occurring on lignite dumps in Sokolovsk. The species were cultivated during the cultivation phase in the soil of their origin, it means the soil of the dry lawn of northern Bohemia or the Sokolovsk dump, either each species of the pair was cultivated separately or both...
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Physiological responses of plants to arficial light
Holečková, Barbora ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Konrádová, Hana (referee)
The topic of this bachelor`s thesis is the physiological response od plants to artificial lighting, meaning artificial lighting from street lamps, which is one of the important anthropogenic influences. Artificial lighting at night is referred to by the acronym ALAN (from the english phrase Artificial light at night) and can have a significant effect on plant behaviour. In this thesis, the current knowledge on the influence of streetlights on not only plant behaviour but also on entire ecosystems is summarised in the theoretical part. In the practical part, the chlorophyll content of plants is measured, which is an important parameter informing about their physiological state, i.e. whether nighttime artificial lighting has an influence on it. Subsequently, the detected chlorophyll content of plants under street lighting is compared with that of paired control plants in their surroundings that are not under any artificial lighting. The measurements are carried out using a specially designed instrument for the detection of chlorophyll content in plant leaves called CCM300. The result of the work is the understanding of the possible effect of street lighting Key words Physiological reaction, artificial light at night, plants, chlorophyll
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Optimization of cultivation conditions and production of metabolites by microalgae of the genus Desmodesmus and Scenedesmus in photobioreactors.
Kubalová, Michaela ; Mikulíková, Renata (referee) ; Szotkowski, Martin (advisor)
Nowadays, a lot of attention is being paid to the biotechnology industry. Within this industry, are with the help of microorganisms produced various useful substances, such as chlorophyll and carotenoids, which are important antioxidant substances, but also fatty acids, sterols and ubiquinone. This thesis is focused on the cultivation of selected strains of microalgae of the genus Scenedesmus and Desmodesmus. In the first part of the thesis, the algae strains and studied metabolites are described. In the second, experimental part, different types of alcohol were applied to the selected strains as stress conditions, with the aim of increasing the production of intracellular metabolites. Further, fermentor cultivation was carried out, in which a combination of two different alcohols was applied. Subsequently, cultivation using a flat-panel photobioreactor was also carried out, in which light with different wavelengths was used. Several chromatographic techniques were used for the analysis and the results of the analyzes are presented in the experimental part.
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Light-harvesting like domain of the cyanobacterial ferrochelatase
PAZDERNÍK, Marek
This thesis is focused on elucidating the function of the C-terminal transmembrane lightharvesting complex like (LHC) domain of the cyanobacterial ferrochelatase (FeCh). Using the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803, I show that the FeCh LHC domain can bind chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoids; however, this pigment binding occurs only when the biosynthesis of heme and Chl in the cell is misbalanced. Further, I found that point mutation, which prevents the pigment binding to FeCh LHC domain results in a misregulated ratio between heme and Chl during stress conditions due to low heme accumulation. My data also show that the FeCh LHC domain interacts with CurT protein most likely to localize the FeCh into a specialized membrane domain, where the synthesis of photosystem II is proposed to occur. Based on my data I propose that the role of the FeCh LHC domain is to monitor the availability of Chl during photosystem biogenesis and to coordinate Chl availability with the synthesis of heme.
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Relationship between leaf biochemistry, physiology and specie's competitiveness in selected grasses of relict tundra in Krkonoše Mts.
Mamula, Petr Martin ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Tylová, Edita (referee)
The Krkonoše (Giant Mountains) Arcto-Alpine Tundra is an area that is part of the Krkonoše National Park with a unique ecosystem and biodiversity. In history, this area was very fundamentally influenced by the intervention of man, who farmed here and thus caused the creation of today's rare matgrass (Nardus stricta L.) meadow ecosystem. Thanks to the low growth and sparse foliage of the matgrass, many other plant species grow in these matgrass meadows, which are often endemic and protected by the law. In recent years, however, the matgrass has been overgrown by other grasses, such as the hairy reed grass (Calamagrostis villosa J.F. Gmelin), which, due to its taller growth and dense canopy covering the surface, does not allow the growth of rare species such as matgrass. Therefore, the aim of this work was for matgrass (N. stricta) and three other selected species of grasses - tufted hair grass (Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) P. Beauv.), moor grass (Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench) and hairy reed grass (C. villosa), to identify, based on biochemical, structural and physiological foliar parameters, a parameter or a combination of parameters that could give competing fennel grasses a competitive advantage. Field research and collection of foliage samples, for subsequent laboratory processing, took place in...
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Isolation and characterization of beta-glucans of natural origin
Ratsilouskaya, Lizaveta ; Hoová, Julie (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with the characterization of natural beta-glucans and other active substances isolated from macroalgae and yeasts. The used macroalgae samples differ in the pigment, origin and method of algae processing. The theoretical part focuses on seaweed and yeast species, beta-glucans, their sources and biological effects, other biologically active substances (such as polyphenols and antioxidants) and finally on methods for determining these biologically active substances. In the practical part, samples of selected macroalgae were analyzed, namely samples of Arame, Nori, Kombu, Wakame, Hijiki and Spaghetti. Aqueous, ethanol and acetone extracts of these algae were prepared in this work. The aqueous extracts were used for spectrophotometric determination of phenolic substances, flavonoids and antioxidant activity by the ABTS method. Furthermore, ethanol and acetone extracts of said macroalgae were used to determine total chlorophyll and carotenoid content spectrophotometric. The work also focused on beta-glucan content, analyzing macroalgae and yeast R. toruloides. Arame and Nori algae and R. toruloides were high in beta-glucans. However, beta-glucans were very low in other macroalgae.
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Determination of Chlorophyll Content in Birch and Pine Trees Using Hyperspectral Data
Zachová, Kateřina ; Potůčková, Markéta (advisor) ; Brodský, Lukáš (referee)
The master thesis deals with the determination of the chlorophyll content in birch foliage (Betula pendula Roth) and Scots pine using hyperspectral data. The first part of the thesis concentrates on the literature search dealing with the methods of chlorophyll content in the foliage of selected plant species. In the practical part the emphasis is on the study of spectral reflectance curves and finding their relation to the chlorophyll content from the laboratory determination. Images taken with the hyperspectral sensor HyMap and spectral reflectance curves obtained with the ground ASD FieldSpec 3 spectrometer were available. Using the derived regression model chlorophyll maps were created for Scots pine for three selected locations in the Sokolov coal basin area.
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