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Sex assessment of skull using exocranial meshes from CT scans
Musilová, Barbora ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Friedl, Lukáš (referee)
Sex estimation is a challenging problem in both forensic anthropology and bioarchaeology. Sexual dimorphism is most noticeably displayed by the pelvis; however in instances when it is not preserved, sex is estimated by skull. There is a multitude of approaches that use the skull, however, their population specificity and variable sexual dimorphism oscillation reduces their effectiveness (Bruzek and Murail, 2006). We base our contribution on the study by Abdel Fatah et al. (2014) that estimates sex based on exocranial and endocranial surfaces with a high success rate of 97%. Our approach uses anonymized CT scans of skulls from recent french population, from which the exocranial surface was segmented. On these surfaces, CPD-DCA (Dupej et al., 2014) was performed. We analyzed both form and shape (form after size normalization) of these surfaces in 104 skulls (53 males, 51 females) aged 18 to 92 years. The mean age was 58 years in females and 52.46 years in males. Classification was performed using support vector machines (SVM) with a radial kernel. Leave-one-out crossvalidation was also applied. The highest success rate (87.5 %) was achieved with the first 27 principal components of form. Classification of shape was less accurate by only 2 %. Even though our success rate was lower than that of Abdel...
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A Comparison of Vanitas Still Life in Italian, French and Dutch 17th Century Environment and Searching for Influences on Czech School
Pourová, Kristina ; Zlatohlávek, Martin (advisor) ; Jarošová, Markéta (referee)
My diploma thesis concerns itself with the depiction of the still life, in particular the type known as "vanitas", symbolizing the transience of human life. I focus on several artists working in Italy, France and Netherlands during the 17th century - Salvator Rosa, Simon Renard de Saint Andre, Jan Davidsz de Heem, and Nicolaes van Verendael - and explore their influence on the Czech artists Johann Adalbert Angermeyer, Jan Kaspar Hirschely, and Vaclav Vavrinec Reiner, who dealt with the same topic.
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Transformation
Mucha, Petr ; Sobotka, Jiří (referee) ; Gabriel, Michal (advisor)
Transforamtion sculpture points to what I as an author see as the only one truly meaningful fullfilment of human existence which is an abilty of self transformation. Finding the absolute destination.
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Postnatal Ontogenesis of the Skull of the Pond Slider Turtle (Trachemys scripta)
Čtrnáctová, Lenka ; Brejcha, Jindřich (advisor) ; Soukup, Vladimír (referee)
This thesis focuses on the descriptive analysis of skull morphology of the pond slider turtle (Trachemys scripta elegans). The general approach was an osteological preparation of the skulls and photographic documentation (following standardised procedures) of a larger sample of specimens. The collected data was used as a background for subsequent GMM analyses. Main hypotheses of this project were: 1) the skull of T. s. elegans is sexually dimorphic; 2) the skull of T. s. elegans constitutes of several independent modules. The objective of this thesis was therefore to describe the postnatal ontogenesis of the model taxon and to determine the developmental trends of its cranial structures. It was shown that the skull of T. s. elegans is sexually dimorphic in shape mainly due to differences in allometric growth. These differences probably reflect different nutritional requirements. The skull of T. s. elegans is formed out of four modules. These are: facial, central, basicranial, and possibly also zygomatic-pterygoideal modules.
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Neurocranial asymmetry from normal shape to pathology
Forinová, Michala ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Bigoni, Lucie (referee)
Neurocranial asymmetry from normal shape to pathology Abstract: The bachelor thesis deals with the most frequent asymmetry of human skull - deformational plagiocephaly. Deformational (positional) plagiocephaly is the deformity of the skull, which is casued by external forces on developing, little rigid, skull of infants. An increased incidence of this deformity was noticed after 1992, when American Academy of Pediatrics marked supine position as the most safe sleeping position for infants, which decreases risk of Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). This thesis includes the context of this deformity such as the correct development of the skull, craniosynostosis or torticollis. Craniosynostosis, caused by premature fusion of suture, can lead to similiar resulting shape of the skull. To differentiate craniosynostosis from deformities caused by external forces is very important from the point of clinial view - craniosynostosis can lead to increasing of intracranial pressure and other complications. Expansion of deformational plagiocephaly can be connected in some cases with torticollis, which leads to asymmetrical posture of a head and following confirmation.
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Anatomical Changes on the Skeleton in the Evolution of Genus Homo
Hoffmannová, Valérie ; Dvořáková, Radka (advisor) ; Schierová, Zuzana (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to describe the anatomical features on the skeletons of species Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo neanderthalensi, Homo sapiens and Homo naledi. For each type are described those features which characterize it. Emphasis is placed on changes in the anatomy of the skull and pelvis, but they are also mentioned other features typical for the species. Part of this work is to outline the mobility and function of the skeleton. Information about individual species are supplemented by a description of external signs which are due to the anatomy of the skeleton. Keywords: Anatomy, Morphology, skeleton, skull, pelvis, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo neanderthalensis, Homo sapiens, Homo naledi
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Sex assessment of skull using exocranial meshes from CT scans
Musilová, Barbora ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Friedl, Lukáš (referee)
Sex estimation is a challenging problem in both forensic anthropology and bioarchaeology. Sexual dimorphism is most noticeably displayed by the pelvis; however in instances when it is not preserved, sex is estimated by skull. There is a multitude of approaches that use the skull, however, their population specificity and variable sexual dimorphism oscillation reduces their effectiveness (Bruzek and Murail, 2006). We base our contribution on the study by Abdel Fatah et al. (2014) that estimates sex based on exocranial and endocranial surfaces with a high success rate of 97%. Our approach uses anonymized CT scans of skulls from recent french population, from which the exocranial surface was segmented. On these surfaces, CPD-DCA (Dupej et al., 2014) was performed. We analyzed both form and shape (form after size normalization) of these surfaces in 104 skulls (53 males, 51 females) aged 18 to 92 years. The mean age was 58 years in females and 52.46 years in males. Classification was performed using support vector machines (SVM) with a radial kernel. Leave-one-out crossvalidation was also applied. The highest success rate (87.5 %) was achieved with the first 27 principal components of form. Classification of shape was less accurate by only 2 %. Even though our success rate was lower than that of Abdel...
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Design of a Crash-Test Dummy
Sedláčková, Martina ; Coufal, Tomáš (referee) ; Bilík, Martin (advisor)
The main objective of this thesis is construction of crash test dummy for vehicle-pedestrian crash tests. There is review of nowadays used crash test dummies types in the introduction of this thesis. This is followed by part describing construction itself. Chapter about construction begins by characterizing of used materials features in relation with real human body physiology. Main part of chapter is describing construction of crash test dummy’s skeleton and its individual components including 3D modelling and strength analysis. Thesis is finished by cost assessment.
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Variability of cranial size and shape in modern humans
Danda, Hynek ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Bejdová, Šárka (referee)
Variability of cranial size and shape in modern humans is affected by many different factors. Neutral evolutionary processes: mutation, genetic drift and migration; sex; but also the environment in witch the individual grows andt the food it recieves are responsible for this variability. Due to ethical constrains in experiments on humans and primates is very difficult to determine to what extent is for observed differences responsible selection and what proportion generates developmental plasticity. From the climatic factors temperature most likely forms the biggest selection pressure, which is evident especially on the facial part of the skull. Another important climatic variable influencing skull shape, nasal cavity most, is humidity. Within-population diversity decreases with increasing geographic distance from putative origin of modern human expansion.
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Analysis and Modelling of Medical Images
Vrba, Jan ; Mekyska, Jiří (referee) ; Smékal, Zdeněk (advisor)
The main objective of this thesis is an analysis of assessment techniques face, and cephalometric evaluation methods that are suitable for treatment of jaw position and design methods for treatment of jaw. At the same time the emphasis is on studying the methods,java advance imaging, which are used for the curvature of the image and should be able to meet the objectives of the assignment. These adjustments can be made using the Warp. Result of this work is an application developed in JAVA programming language, which demonstrates the best method for modifying the image. This method is WarpGrid. The application was made in the development environment eclipse. With this application, depending on the mouse action is possible to modify the image.
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