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Nationalization and confiscation between 1945 and 1948
Holfeld, Christian ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Skřejpková, Petra (referee)
The diploma thesis deals primarily with the so-called first stage of the nationalization process in Czechoslovakia, which took place between 1945 - 1948, and the post-war confiscations of the same period, as well. The objective of the thesis is particularly to describe and analyze the then relevant legal regulations and place them adequately in the historical context. The content of the five thematic chapters is adapted to this topic. First, it attempts to define the basic concepts of nationalization, appropriation, socialization, expropriation and confiscation. Subsequently, it examines the basic historical roots of the concept of nationalization. It does so especially by comparing the approaches to proprietary rights through the prism of two dominant ideologies, namely liberalism and socialism. The core of the thesis consists of the nationalization and confiscation decrees themselves and the issues related. The National Institute of Administration was closely associated with this issue, as well. From the legislator's point of view, it was also necessary to distinguish which assets were to be confiscated and which, on the other hand, nationalized. The film industry first, followed by mines and large industrial enterprises, the food industry, banking and insurance companies were subject to...
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The role of Czechoslovak unions in the years 1945-1948
Padevět, Pavel ; Kocian, Jiří (advisor) ; Kučera, Jaroslav (referee)
Základy odborového hnutí byly v českých zemích položeny na přelomu 19. a 20. století. Dělníci v nich nalezli způsob, jak bojovat se zaměstnavateli o vylepšení svých pracovních, mzdových a sociálních podmínek. Někdy se opravdu jednalo o ekonomický boj, když dělníci zahájili stávku a přerušili tím výrobu, jindy stačila dohoda po společném vyjednávání. K větší efektivitě prosazování svých požadavků se od vzniku Československa pokoušeli odboráři propracovat sjednocením, ale z důvodu politické různorodosti všechna jejich jednání skončila neúspěchem. Odborová jednota nastala až po okupaci nacistickým Německem a pod rouškou legálnosti odborů se v nich začala utvářet významná odbojová skupina. Poválečná obnova státu, na které se odbory měly nemalou měrou podílet, byla ve spojení s jejich tehdejší popularitou velkou příležitostí vytvořit pro zaměstnance co nejpříznivější podmínky. Ozbrojené stráže závodů, ve kterých na výrobu dohlížely závodní rady podléhající odborové pravomoci, nebo správa národního pojištění byly novými benefity, pomocí kterých se měly zlepšovat pracovní a mzdové podmínky pracujících. Odbory však v té době již ztratily svou tvář a jejich členská základna svou nespokojenost dávala najevo stávkami a demonstracemi.
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Nationalization decrees of the President
Schneeweiss, Dan ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Kindl, Vladimír (referee)
Nationalization decrees of the President Abstract This diploma thesis brings a comprehensive treatise on the nationalization decrees of the President of the Republic, and the related first wave of nationalization in Czechoslovakia. This first wave of nationalization took place just a few months after the end of World War II. The primary goal of this work is a thorough analysis of the nationalization legislation of the first stage of nationalization, with emphasis on its historical roots, especially with regard to the role of the person of President Edvard Beneš. The thesis first explains the basic concepts related to nationalization, which creates the necessary theoretical basis for the following parts. The second part examines in detail the historical context that gave rise to the very idea and concept of nationalization. A special space in this section is devoted to a key person in Czechoslovak exile politics and at the same time to President Beneš. The third to seventh part forms the very core of the submitted diploma thesis. In these sections, the President's own nationalization decrees of the Republic of the Republic are analyzed in detail. This category of presidential decrees includes a total of five regulations - Decree No. 50/1945 Coll. on measures in the field of film, Decree No. 100/1945 Coll.,...
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Nationalization and confiscation in 1945 - 1948
Mikule, Ondřej ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Šouša, Jiří (referee)
Nationalization and confiscation in 1945 - 1948 Abstract The main subjects of this thesis are nationalization and confiscation that took place in Czechoslovakia between 1945 and 1948. In the introductory chapters it deals with the definition of the concepts of nationalization and confiscation and their historical context. Closer attention is paid to the land reform of the First Czechoslovak Republic. The following is a description of political and economic concepts that emerged during World War II in both domestic and foreign resistence movements and in which the demands for a fundamental economic transformation of Czechoslovakia were stressed. The opinions of Edvard Beneš and the negotiations between Moscow and London exile politicians on the future Košice government program are also discussed. The following chapters deal with nationalization and confiscation in 1945, individual decrees on nationalization and confiscation are discussed, the process of their adoption, taking into account especially the government meetings. Institute of national administration, which had a very close connection to nationalization and confiscation, is delineated as well. In the period from 1946 to 1947, the main focus is on revision of the land reform of the First Czechoslovak Republic and other measures concerning land...
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Anglo-iranian oil crisis. USA, Great Britain and Iranian oil, 1950-1953
Rendl, Adam ; Smetana, Vít (advisor) ; Szobi, Pavel (referee)
This bachelor thesis describes one of the most turbulent periods in Iranian history. When Muhammad Mosaddek came to power in 1950 and became Prime Minister of Iran, he enforced the law to nationalize the oil company AIOC, which was under control of Great Britain, which also owned majority of the company's concessions. The nationalization thus provoked an immediate dispute with the British government, which began to take action to return the oil company back to its own control. Not only diplomatic but also military and covert political activities began, which aimed to gradually weaken Mossadek's position so that he could be removed in the event of a failure of diplomatic negotiations. The United States initially vehemently protested against such activities. President Truman believed that the escalation of the situation in Iran could cause the country to tend towards the Soviet Union and thus cause communism to penetrate the Middle East. However, as the situation gradually escalated and the necessary agreement was still not reached, the Americans began to reconsider their position. This change of attitude eventually culminated into the organization of a coup through which MI6 and mainly CIA overthrew Muhammad Mosaddek, bringing Iran into a period of more than 20 years of dictatorship. In the first...
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The Elimination of the Private Enterprices, Small and Medium Sized Enterpreneurs, in Czechoslovakia between 1948-1953
Buštová, Iva ; Marková, Alena (advisor) ; Štemberk, Jan (referee)
Diploma thesis "The elimination of the Private Enterprises, Small and Medium Sized Entrepreneurs, in Czechoslovakia between 1948-1953" is focused on the period after the February 1948, which dates the power takeover by Communistic party of Czechoslovakia, and deals with one feature of change of the Czechoslovak economy, especially the elimination of the private sector, and arising of the socialistic sector as the only segment of the national economy. The thesis reveals the change in communistic attitude toward the private entrepreneurship in 1945-1949, and steps which it took against the private entrepreneurs. Moreover, the thesis describes acting of state authorities and other institutions which played important role in the whole process. It also detects the way which was used for joining the private small and medium sized enterprises into the socialistic sector or the way how they were eliminated in 1948-1953. The whole process is embedded into a broader historical background. The research includes three levels. The first one is legislative level, the second includes state authorities and institutions taking part in the process of elimination following the instructions given by the Communistic party of Czechoslovakia, and finally the third level which refers to entrepreneurs themselves and their...
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Nationalization and confiscation between 1945 and 1948
Holfeld, Christian ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Skřejpková, Petra (referee)
The diploma thesis deals primarily with the so-called first stage of the nationalization process in Czechoslovakia, which took place between 1945 - 1948, and the post-war confiscations of the same period, as well. The objective of the thesis is particularly to describe and analyze the then relevant legal regulations and place them adequately in the historical context. The content of the five thematic chapters is adapted to this topic. First, it attempts to define the basic concepts of nationalization, appropriation, socialization, expropriation and confiscation. Subsequently, it examines the basic historical roots of the concept of nationalization. It does so especially by comparing the approaches to proprietary rights through the prism of two dominant ideologies, namely liberalism and socialism. The core of the thesis consists of the nationalization and confiscation decrees themselves and the issues related. The National Institute of Administration was closely associated with this issue, as well. From the legislator's point of view, it was also necessary to distinguish which assets were to be confiscated and which, on the other hand, nationalized. The film industry first, followed by mines and large industrial enterprises, the food industry, banking and insurance companies were subject to...
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Extinction of private entrepreneurship in Czechoslovakia in context of legal changes in 1948 - 1964
Danielovský, Martin ; Szobi, Pavel (advisor) ; Jakubec, Ivan (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to describe and analyze the gradual disappearance of private enterprise in Czechoslovakia in the years 1948 - 1964 based on the analysis of relevant laws and regulations. The theoretical part deals with the analysis of legislation giving effect to nationalization, these laws puts into political and economic framework of the former Czechoslovakia. Thesis will concentrate not only on the second wave of nationalization and the state interventions in the economy that occurred after February 1948, but it emphasizes that the first significant changes in the national economy appear in the Czechoslovakia in the period before February 1948 through presidential decrees from October 1945. The analytical part of thesis evaluates the progress of the nationalization on the example of the eight selected enterprises. Thesis brings finding that the conduct of the nationalization of chosen companies largely meet legal requirements on nationalization. On the other hand, it is necessary to take into account that the legislation governing the nationalization was strongly influenced by the political means that their aim was to destroy private enterprise.
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History of property of the Hluboka branch of Schwarzenberg Family between 1938-1950
Vochozka, Šimon ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Šouša, Jiří (referee)
This thesis analyses the history of the property fund of the Hluboka Schwarzenberg family branch throughout the period of World War 2 up to the consequent years, focused especially on the post-war development. Careful analyses of this question is also about to bring a deeper view of the society's political and sociological setting in the focused period, especially from the point of the view of the consequences accompanying the passing of statute No. 143/1947 Sb., including the proces of its origin itself. A part of the theses also examines the direct impact of the statute to the Schwarzenberg family itself. In my work, the history of the property of the Hluboka branch of the Schwarzenberg family is folowed, up to the moment of the definite integration of the property fund into the socialistic economical system, bringing the destruction of its unity.
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