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Quantified subjects and their agreement with the predicate
Jochová, Marie ; Giger, Markus (advisor) ; Stranz-Nikitina, Veronika (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the subject-predicate agreement in sentences with a quantified subject. The theoretical part informs the reader about the general issue of agreement, and shows its various forms in the Czech and Russian languages. It also summarizes the basic knowledge of the predicate agreement with a quantified subject in Russian, and maps the factors that influence this agreement. It focuses only on the predicate number, which is exactly in these cases variable. The practical part verifies findings from the theoretical part with the help of data from the Russian national corpus. Four factors have been verified, which should influence the predicate number. These were: word order, animacy, agentivity of the subject and quantifier itself. The corpus data have shown that the word order and quantifier have a fundamental influence on the predicate number. The animacy has a significantly lower impact and the agentivity of the subject is negligible.
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The issue of Czech National Corpus
ZEMANOVÁ, Žaneta
The bachelor thesis focuses on the Czech National Corpus in phraseology. The Czech National Corpus has several corpus managers, in the practical part, KonText is used. The corpus database contains both written and spoken materials. The thesis will deal with written materials. Phraseology is often associated with archaic or period phenomena. Phrases occur in different types of texts. New ones are being created and some are changing. After entering the CQL, KontText in syn v7 will evaluate the frequency of the phrases in the texts and the number of occurrences. We will observe which type of phrase is most often used in comparison with other types, such as folk saying. We will be interested in the frequency of a group of text types, text type itself, thematic area and periodicity.
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Comparative Study of Reporting Clauses in English and French
Khomiakova, Sofiia ; Nádvorníková, Olga (advisor) ; Mudrochová, Radka (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on semantic diversity of reporting verbs in French and English fiction. Among these verbs there are not only neutral or semantically marked transitive speech verbs but also intransitive ones or those that do not belong to the category of speech verbs but express different circumstances of a speech act. The objective of the thesis is to provide a contrastive analysis of reporting verbs in original and translated English and French fiction texts, their classification and evaluation of different factors that potentially affect their selection. The topic will be studied on the basis of the data from the parallel corpus Intercorp. The thesis attempts to contribute to a better understanding of reporting clauses. The outlined findings may be helpful especially to translators and fiction writers.
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Corpus based analysis of the competition of linguistic expressions of Old Norse and Old English origin in the Late Old English and Middle English periods
Schlindenbuchová, Magdalena ; Tichý, Ondřej (advisor) ; Čermák, Jan (referee)
This paper seeks to illustrate the influence of Old Norse on the English lexicon. The theoretical part deals mainly with the socio-historical background and with the invasions of the Old Norse speakers, which brought about the changes in the English language. Furthermore, it discusses the idea of mutual intelligibility of the two languages concerned and it describes the characteristics of the language contact situation, which lasted for about 200 years, during which speakers of Old Norse invaded the British Isles. The aim then is to relate these events and factors to the linguistic changes in historical English caused by the influence of Old Norse. The changes shall be illustrated on the competition of concrete linguistic expressions of Old Norse origin and Old English origin. The research itself focuses on the examination of the competition during the periods of Late Old English and Middle English, and it is carried out in the Old English and Middle English corpora (YCOE, PPCME2). The analysis comprises four words of Old Norse origin and their four Old English equivalents. Key words: historical linguistics, borrowing, language contact, corpus linguistics, Old English, Middle English, Old Norse
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Exploring case forms of Czech nouns and their ranking in semantic (collocational) classes
Schöne, Karin ; Kučera, Karel (advisor) ; Šebesta, Karel (referee) ; Šindelářová, Jaromíra (referee)
This dissertation aims to identify and analyse the frequency distribution of mor- phological forms of nouns in contemporary Czech. The work is based on an error analysis of texts of non-native speakers revealing and describing frequent types of errors in noun inflection. Against the background of recent research in the field of second language acquisition on the one hand and the principles of communicative approaches to language teaching on the other hand nine textbooks of Czech as a foreign language are analysed for approaches to the introduction and presentation of grammatical cases, their functions and typical constructions. It is concluded that it is necessary to exemplify case functions by prototypical constructions and sufficient sample nouns for which these functions are typical. With regard to the often observed emphasis on the noun as a part of the inflectional paradigm and thus on the nominative singular as its basic form, it is eligible for textbooks and language classes to shift the focus from the dominant paradigmatic to the syntag- matic aspect of nouns and their word forms. One of the initial questions of these theses therefore is which forms of a noun are essential to the adequate (didactical- ly oriented) presentation of the noun and its use. A pilot study conducted on the data of...
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The expression of epistemic modality in French
Jochcová, Magdaléna ; Nádvorníková, Olga (advisor) ; Štichauer, Jaroslav (referee)
This thesis deals with the analysis of the epistemic modality of selected French adverbs in -ment. After a theoretical introduction of basic terms and characterizations of the epistemic modality and the principal means of its expression, it focuses on the very epistemic adverbs. At first, for the purpose of the following research, we specify the syntactically and semantically homogenous group of epistemic adverbs in -ment, defining it by dictionaries and constituent works. Afterwards, this group is analyzed quantitatively - on the French corpora Frantext, L'Est républicain and frWac - as well as qualitatively - on the parallel corpus InterCorp - with an emphasis on the post-verbal position of the adverb in the sentence, on the certainty degree and the Czech translation equivalents. The final part of the study is constituted by a reversed analysis of acquired Czech equivalents. Key words: French, epistemic modality, modal specificators, modal adverb, corpus linguistics.
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Terminology of History Science in Focus. On Its Lexicographic Description in a German-Czech Dictionary of Terms
Urbanová, Eva ; Šemelík, Martin (advisor) ; Vachková, Marie (referee)
This thesis focuses on the terminology of History Science and its lexicographic description in a German-Czech dictionary of terms. It starts with a discussion about various types of equivalence and the need for an encyclopedic section. In particular, attention is paid to the lexical gaps that result from zero equivalence. Lexical gaps are demonstrated on the translation of culture-specific terms, i.e. the selection of a surrogate equivalent. It is shown that surrogate equivalents require relatively detailed encyclopedic notes and that their usage can only be established within the examples. The dictionary article of a culture-specific lemma must therefore provide such citations and examples that both demonstrate the applicability of the surrogate in the context and add encyclopedic information.
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Corpus based description of processes of lexical semantic change in the Early Modern English period
Hladíková, Lenka ; Tichý, Ondřej (advisor) ; Klégr, Aleš (referee)
This thesis deals with the processes of lexical semantic change in the Early Modern English period. The theoretical part summarises previous research in the area of lexical semantic change including the basic taxonomies from secondary literature and outlines the linguistic situation in Early Modern English. The aim of the practical part of the thesis is to analyse qualitatively the processes of semantic change in 5 selected words on the basis of examples extracted from the corpora (CED, PCEEC, PPCEME, PPCME2 and EEBO), i.e. to describe circumstances of the changes and factors influencing the individual instances of change. The results of the qualitative analysis are confronted with the theories of semantic change discussed in the first part of the thesis.
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Media representation of the Greek debt crisis: a corpus-assisted discourse analysis of the "Guardian" online news
Pavlíčková, Tereza ; Čermáková, Anna (advisor) ; Malá, Markéta (referee)
The thesis deals with discourse surrounding the topic of the Greek debt crisis (GDC) in the online version of the British daily newspaper the Guardian (www.theguardian.com). The study builds on a bilateral division of the EU public discourse on the economic crisis, distinguishing between two opposing perspectives: "the Northern diagnosis" (DeGrauwe 2011: 5) prevailing in Germany and other creditor states, and 'the Southern opinion' on the situation held mainly by the debtor countries. The thesis examines the position of the Guardian in relation to this bilateral discourse framework. The Guardian represents a liberal, socially aware and traditionally EU-supportive newspaper that is published in a country which counts among the Europe's leading economic and political powers, a country that is also characterized by strong Eurosceptic tendencies. These aspects form a complex background with regard to the EEC/GDC discourse framework. There are factors supporting both "the Northern diagnosis" of the GDC and those suggesting inclination to 'the Southern opinion'. The analysis, dealing with a self-collected corpus (altogether 349 texts, 277 973 words) consisting of the Guardian online news on the GDC is situated - both theoretically and methodologically - in the field of Corpus- assisted discourse studies...
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English translation equivalents of "snad" and "možná"
Hýl, Radoslav ; Brůhová, Gabriela (advisor) ; Tichý, Ondřej (referee)
The thesis explores the Czech adverbs snad and možná and their English translation counterparts in order to arrive at a set of possible translation counterparts-a translation paradigm-and to look closely into their realizations, syntactic roles, meaning and distribution frequencies. The analysis progresses from classifying correspondences into types and uncovering linguistic data, to attempting to identify the logic behind translators' choices. The most numerous group of counterparts is single-word adverbs, such as perhaps and maybe. Various other counterperts are attested: modal auxiliaries, adverb phrases, prepositional phrases, noun phrases, finite comment clauses, question tags, and different units of discourse. A number of zero correspondences signal occasional bleached meaning of snad and možná in Czech. The analysis is based on 100 examples gathered from the parallel corpus InterCorp, which is part of the Czech National Corpus project.
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