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Quaternary climate changes: Analysis of the primary/secondary and high school textbooks
HAVLÍKOVÁ, Adriana
The bachelor's thesis deals with climatic changes in the Quaternary and its content in natural history, geography, and history textbooks for elementary and high schools. In the first part, we learn about the basic terms for a better understanding of the issue. Furthermore, both natural and anthropogenic causes, consequences, and development of climate changes in history from prehistoric times to the present. The second part of the thesis focuses on the analysis of the topic of climate change in textbooks. The results are summarized in a clear table. The main goal of the work was to analyse the information that are obtained in the textbooks to evaluate whether the topics which, are contained in the textbooks, are sufficient for students for fully understanding. At the end, a worksheet for the 9th grade of elementary school was created as a supplemental curriculum, which is intended to help with the correct understanding of the topic of climate change and to avoid misinterpretations.
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Thermal radiation in real life
Kalus, Petr ; Zálešák, Martin (referee) ; Klimeš, Lubomír (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the impact of heat transfer by radiation on the life around us. The research part summarizes the fundamental laws and concepts necessary for understanding the given issue. Furthermore, it describes and analyzes phenomena in everyday life where radiation is dominant. The greatest attention has been devoted to solar radiation, followed by the greenhouse effect, along with its influence on global warming. The thesis also includes a procedure for calculating heat transfer by radiation between two surfaces, based on which a Python script was written. Subsequently, a standalone application with a graphical interface was developed. The conclusion of the thesis focuses on describing the software development process and provides examples of test cases in thermomechanics.
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Geoengineering as a solution to climate change
Pól, Daniel ; Elcner, Jakub (referee) ; Lízal, František (advisor)
The bachelor thesis contains short summary of current knowledge about the geoengineering methods. The research includes their history and all experiments made so far and describes the behaviour and potential utilization of aerosols in the atmosphere. Following chapters characterize four main methods of active geoengineering together with evaluation of their advantages and disadvantages. The last part of the thesis is devoted to the geopolitical impacts of geoengineering activities on society.
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How will a longer vegetative season affect carbon sequestration in plant biomass
Kasperová, Denisa ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Ponert, Jan (referee)
As a result of human activity, a large number of greenhouse gases, especially CO2, is released into the atmosphere, which causes a greater greenhouse effect and an increase in the temperature of the surface of the planet and the air in the atmosphere. Ongoing climate change is one of the great challenges facing society, as rising temperatures on the planet greatly affect the functioning of its ecosystems. Extremes arising from climate change, especially temperature rise and lack of precipitation or a change in the annual distribution of precipitation, affect the physiology and phenology of plants. Higher temperatures cause plant growing seasons to shift and lengthen, which has a direct impact on the sequestration of carbon in plant biomass through a biochemical, physiological plant process called photosynthesis. The increase in CO2 concentration in the atmosphere is slowed down by terrestrial forest ecosystems, as they can retain carbon in their tissues, especially in wood, for a relatively long time before it returns to the atmosphere. However, the efficiency of binding carbon into biomass also depends on other physiological processes, e.g., photorespiration, breathing, gas exchange between the plant and the atmosphere. Stressors caused by climate change can then limit growth, photosynthesis,...
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Role of microbes in the decomposition in headwater streams.
Kociánová, Petra ; Kopalová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Tátosová, Jolana (referee)
The decomposition of organic matter in headwater streams is a key process in stream ecology and an important component of the global carbon cycle. Decomposition rates depend on both abiotic and biotic factors, the former including temperature, discharge, and nutrient chemistry, and the latter including stream community structure and activity, trophic interactions, biodiversity, and productivity. Of the stream community, microbial decomposers play a particularly important role in decomposition by chemically degrading compounds and transferring nutrients and energy to higher trophic levels. These processes are prone to change due to current and future global warming which will affect both decomposer communities and associated decomposition rates. This thesis provides a short overview of the main factors that control stream decomposition rates, including biological factors like microbial activity, abiotic factors such as water temperature and nutrient availability, and how these factors may be altered in the future under a warmer climate. Specifically, I predict that climate change will increase microbial activity and decomposition in headwater streams due to increased water temperatures, changes in surrounding vegetation, and shifts in the hydrological regime due to global warming. .
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Dukovany Nuclear Power Plant modernization action in order to increase the performance and safety of the nuclear facility
Stoklasa, Jakub ; Lisý, Martin (referee) ; Milčák, Pavel (advisor)
During the creation of the bachelor's thesis, the main emphasis was placed on the modernization of the Dukovany Nuclear Power Plant. In order to make the importance of modernization obvious, the thesis also contains a description of the main technologies and the affected technological units. The individual realizations that took place at the facility ensured an increase in the performance of the modernized nuclear blocks and also a higher safety of the nuclear facility. The work also analyzes the current state of the energy sector, the main trends and drivers that are shaping the sector now. The evaluation of the current state of the nuclear energy sector, technologies and possible directions in which nuclear energy can go in the future takes its place in the work.
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Vliv různých teplot na konkurenceschopnost raka mramorovaného v agresivních interakcích
KREJČÍ, Miloslav
Crayfish are an important aquatic ecosystems engeneers. Non-indigenous crayfish often decrease the abundance of native species and they affect ecosystem balance. Changes in freshwater ecosystems are usually caused by invasive species of crayfish, especially North American species. These species transmit crayfish plague (Aphanomyces astaci) too. One of these species is marbled crayfish (Procambarus virginalis).Aim of the thesis was an experimental comparison of the competitiveness of marbled crayfish in interspecies interactions with red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii), signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) and spiny-cheek crayfish (Faxonius limosus) depending on water temperature. The experiment included 20 runs of interspecific interactions at 16 °C, 18 runs of interspecific interactions at 20 °C and 19 runs of interspecific interactions at 24 °C. Interactions occurred in individual plastic tanks with tempered water. Interactions in tanks were recorded by camera. Subsequently, the agonistic interactions of crayfish were evaluated from 30 minutes of recordings. In conclusion, marbled crayfish is competitive opponent for psychrophilic and thermophilic crayfish species, especially at higher temperatures. The global warming could increase the success of spreading to new areas for marbled crayfish, as well as the survival of winter. In new areas, marbled crayfish could cause negative impacts for native organisms, especially native crayfish species.
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Changes in distributional range and ecology of bats realated to climate change
Pavlíková, Barbara ; Lučan, Radek (advisor) ; Bartonička, Tomáš (referee)
In the last few decades bats are affected by climate change. Changes in average temperatures affect their morphology, phenology, diversity and distribution. Changes in biotopes caused by anthropogenic influences are responsible for the loss of shelters and connectivity of habitats. Empirical data show us that the range expansion of many bat species are gradually shifting to higher latitudes or altitudes. Mathematical models predict that the bat diversity and richness around the world will decline. Some species will shift their ranges and some will shrink their range or even become extinct. Key words: chiroptera, bats, range shift, bioindicators, climate change
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Comparison of life-cycle emission produced by cars
Plott, Patrik ; Ušiak, Michal (referee) ; Fridrichová, Kateřina (advisor)
This bachelor´s thesis of research nature deals with comparison of emissions of individual types of passenger car´s powertrains in terms of their entire life cycle. The goal was to describe current emission regulations of passenger vehicles, various types of power units they use, and emissions that are created in manufacturing, using and disposal of these vehicles. The comparison includes not only different types of internal combustion engine vehicles, but also electric vehicles. In conclusion were these power units evaluated based on emission considering current situation.
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Design of a Houseboat
Csadiová, Dominika ; Chorý, Tomáš (referee) ; Křenek, Ladislav (advisor)
The topic of the master thesis is the design of a floating house. Product responds to the current global problems, especially the consequences of global warming and population growth. Rising sea levels are a factor that negatively affects several areas, mainly cities near the coastline. In combination with population growth, the possibility of moving dwellings to the water surface can be an attractive solution. The master thesis also aims at environmental friendliness, emission reduction and the use of alternative energy sources. Nowdays, houseboats on the water are very popular, but are mostly used only for recreation. The master thesis presents a design of a floating house for year-round living on the seas and oceans for 2 to 3 people.
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