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Immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and healthy donors
Matějčková, Nicole
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) possess a multilineage differentiation potential and have the ability to regulate reactivity of the immune system. They are usually isolated and expanded from the bone marrow, adipose tissue or umbilical cord. MSC represent promising cell population for the treatment of some severe diseases, such as amyotrofic lateral sclerosis (ALS), due to the combination of regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. The aim of this study is to compare MSC from ALS patients and healthy donors in their phenotype, proliferative activity and mainly their immunomodulatory properties. The assessment of impact of the disease on the properties of MSC is important for their autologous use in clinical trials. In this study we used MSC isolated from bone marrow of 14 ALS patients and 15 patients undergoing mostly orthopedic surgery as control group. We also used MSC stimulated for 24 hours by poinflammatory cytokines. Cells were compared in terms of immunophenotype, differentiation in adipocytes and osteoblasts, metabolic activity, expression of selected genes for immunomodulatory molecules and for inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation. Further experiments were focused on evaluation of immunomodulatory properties of MSC. The effect of MSC on peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated...
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Holistic Approach to Nursing Care for Patient with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ, Inka
This thesis aims to describe the holistic approach to nursing care of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Based on the established aim two research questions were formulated. First research question: What is the biopsychosocial care for patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis like? Second research question: What biopsychosocial needs do patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have? In the empirical part of the thesis the method of qualitative research using the in-depth interview, which was conducted with general nurses who have experience with taking care of patients with ALS was used. The interview has two parts. In the first part the basic identification data of the informants were found out. The second part was already the interview itself, which was divided into three parts. The first part focuses on the complex nursing care of patients with ALS. The second part finds out the needs of patients with ALS and how are they fulfilled. And the last, third part deals with suggestions of nurses how to improve the nursing care of patients with ALS. For each part the key points for conducting an interview were made up. If needed the informants were also asked complementary questions, which led to a deepening of the topic. The interviews were recorded using a Dictaphone. And subsequently they were converted to written form and processed using the open coding method using the "Pencil and Paper" technique. The results of the research are divided into two parts. The first part is made up of the basic identification data of the informants, the second part consists of three categories that describe detailed results. Category number one deals with the nursing care focused on physical interventions, which general nurses do with patients with ALS and it also deals with the biological needs of these patients and how are they satisfied by the nurses. Category number two describes nursing care with emphasis on the psychosocial aspect and psychosocial and spiritual needs of patients with ALS and their satisfaction by the nurses. Category number 3 offers recommendations for practice of general nurses within the nursing care of patients with ALS. On the basis of the gathered information it is possible to find out, how the holistic care of patients with ALS looks like, but also where are some shortcomings and space for improvement. The results of the research can be applied to practice with the purpose of improving the nursing care of patients with this severe neurological illness.
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Clinical applications of stem cells for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases of CNS
Jančová, Pavlína ; Kubinová, Šárka (advisor) ; Heřmánková, Barbora (referee)
Stem cells have a huge therapeutic potential due to their ability to differentiate in multiple tissues. They could be used for neurodegenerative diseases treatment, which are typical for loss of specific groups of neurons, progressive course and lack of effective treatment due to their complicated pathophysiology, only therapies for elongation and simplification of patients' life are available. This thesis summarizes results of completed clinical studies and informs about ongoing studies, in which stem cell treatments are used for selected neurodegenerative diseases. Stem cell therapy for multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have a long history, some of the studies has proven therapeutic efficiency of stem cells. We don't know much about effect of stem cell treatment for patients with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, because first clinical studies were finished recently. But all clinical trials have proven safety of stem cell treatment. Replacement of damaged neurons haven't been reached yet, just protection of remaining neurons by neurotrophic and immunomodulatory factors secreted by stem cells. Keywords: neurodegenerative diseases, stem cells, clinical trials, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease
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Glial cells and their role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Vaňátko, Ondřej ; Anděrová, Miroslava (advisor) ; Černý, Jan (referee)
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig's disease) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. It affects upper and lower motor neurons in the brain motor cortex, the brain stem and the spinal cord, causing their death, which results in denervation of voluntary muscles. Progressive muscle weakness and atrophy throughout the entire body gradually leads to worsening of the ability to move, speak, chew, swallow and eventually breath. Ultimately it results in affected individual's death due to respiratory muscle failure. Although first identified in 1869, no cure for ALS has been yet found. While early studies focused mainly on the research of motor neurons themselves, the attention has shifted towards glial cells in the past two decades. Glial cells are essential for proper neuron functioning and survival and it appears that they play a major role in ALS progression. The goal of this thesis is to review and summarize findings on the role of glial cells in ALS over the last years, focusing on four specific types of glial cells, namely astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes and NG2-glia. Key words: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ALS, motor neuron, glia, astrocyte, microglia, oligodendrocyte, NG2-glia
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The effect of physiotherapy on respiratory muscle strength and functional capabilities in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Vítek, Jiří ; Horáček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Kobesová, Alena (referee)
Bibliography VÍTEK, Jiří. The effect of physiotherapy on respiratory muscle strength and functional ability in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Prague: Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, 2017. 132 p. Supervisor prim. MUDr. Ondřej Horáček, Ph.D. Abstract Objectives To determine the effects of intensive physiotherapeutic care in patients with Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), with the focus on objective measurement of respiratory functions and functional status. Methods Patients with ALS (n = 21) were non-randomly assigned into two groups. First group (group R) received a 3-week in-patient rehabilitation programme in the Rehabilitation Hospital Beroun. Second group, control group (group K), received a home exercise programme. Patients from both groups underwent spirometry examination and evaluation of functional skills via the Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis functional rating scale revised questionnaire (ALSFRS-R) three weeks apart. Among the spirometry parameters, forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) were selected for further evaluation. These parameters are significantly associated with respiratory muscle strength and survival in patients with ALS. Results There were no significant differences in...
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Immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and healthy donors
Matějčková, Nicole ; Javorková, Eliška (advisor) ; Kanderová, Veronika (referee)
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) possess a multilineage differentiation potential and have the ability to regulate reactivity of the immune system. They are usually isolated and expanded from the bone marrow, adipose tissue or umbilical cord. MSC represent promising cell population for the treatment of some severe diseases, such as amyotrofic lateral sclerosis (ALS), due to the combination of regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. The aim of this study is to compare MSC from ALS patients and healthy donors in their phenotype, proliferative activity and mainly their immunomodulatory properties. The assessment of impact of the disease on the properties of MSC is important for their autologous use in clinical trials. In this study we used MSC isolated from bone marrow of 14 ALS patients and 15 patients undergoing mostly orthopedic surgery as control group. We also used MSC stimulated for 24 hours by poinflammatory cytokines. Cells were compared in terms of immunophenotype, differentiation in adipocytes and osteoblasts, metabolic activity, expression of selected genes for immunomodulatory molecules and for inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation. Further experiments were focused on evaluation of immunomodulatory properties of MSC. The effect of MSC on peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated...
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