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Predicting the therapeutic response to cognitive behavioral therapy in patients with pharmacoresistant obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Vyskočilová, Jana ; Šípek, Jiří (advisor) ; Šivicová, Gabriela (referee)
I chose the theme of obsessive-compulsive disorder as a topic of my thesis. The main reason was that it is a disorder I have worked as a therapist in individual or group therapy frequently. Also I have participated in several studies as evaluator in Psychiatric Centre, and I collected data from dozens of patients. In the first part the thesis deals with the symptoms, clinical picture, prevalence, aetiology and treatment of OCD. Thesis is focuses on behavioural and cognitive models of the disorder in detail, because the treatment used in the present group of patients was CBT. Various models of cognitive behavioural therapy I discuss in more detail, because they allow different views of what happens to the patient and how to change it. The practical part has two parts. The first deals with the effectiveness of group cognitive behavioral approach for OCD patients, who use antidepressants but were resistant to previous treatment and were attended a daycare center at the Prague Psychiatric Center. The second part of the thesis deals with finding a predictor of successful cognitive behavioral therapy in these patients. The aim was to determine whether certain demographic or clinical factors that we evaluated before treatment may predict success outcome. The result is the finding that severity of the...
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Prediction of therapeutical response to neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer
Pazdírek, Filip ; Hoch, Jiří (advisor) ; Martínek, Lubomír (referee) ; Šimša, Jaromír (referee)
The treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer is multimodal. It includes neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (NCHRT), which reduces the risk of local recurrence. However, this treatment is also accompanied by side effects. Accordingly, there is an unmet need to identify predictive markers allowing to identify non-responders to avoid its adverse effects. We monitored circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) as a potential liquid biopsy-based biomarker. We have investigated ctDNA changes plasma during the early days of NCHRT and its relationship to the immediate tumor response as well as overall patients survival. In all patients, ctDNA was strongly reduced or completely eliminated from plasma by the end of the first week of NCHRT, with no correlation to any of the parameters analyzed. As ctDNA was reduced indiscriminately from the circulation of all patients, therefore the dynamics during the first week of NCHRT is not suitable for predicting the immediate therapeutic response in rectal cancer. The baseline ctDNA presence represented a statistically significant negative prognostic biomarker for the overall patient survival. However, the general effect of rapid ctDNA disappearance apparently occurring during the initial days of NCHRT is noteworthy and should further be studied. Keywords: rectal cancer, neoadjuvant...
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Relation locus of control on prevalence of depresivity by infertil person
Blašková, Ivana ; Loneková, Katarína (advisor) ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (referee)
This master thesis deals with infertility and its treatment. Both in the theoretical and empirical part, it focuses on the female aspects of the issue. The theoretical part summarizes an overview of key information important to understand the presented problems. We define the terms, describe the psychological and physiological causes of infertility, the process of treatment of infertility and aspects thereof. We focus on the depression rate related to infertility and its treatment, furthermore, we deal with type locus of control related to the experienced rate of depression. Our aim in the empirical part is to describe the depression rate, type of locus of control within the two samples of women acquired by us and capture the possible connections. The sample is made of 58 women who are currently undergoing a treatment for infertility and of the control group, which is made of 58 healthy women. To collect the data, we used the Beck Depression Inventory BDI-II, the Rotter's Internal- External Scale and the anamnestic questionnaire. Based on acquired data, we found out some specifity in depression rate and type of locus of control within our samples of women.
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Case study of physiotherapy treatment of the patient with the diagnosis of lumboischialgic syndrome
Lutzová, Marie ; Vláčilová, Ivana (advisor) ; Štiková, Barbora (referee)
Title: Case study of physiotherapy treatment of the patient with the diagnosis of lumboischialgic syndrome (G54.4). Objective: The main target of this bachelor's thesis was to take up with the issue of the frequent lumboischialgic syndrome with radiculopathy and to outline the possibilities of its treatment. The other part was occupied with particular patient and target was the elaboration of the case study of the patient with this diagnose, followed by the appraisal of the therapy's effect. . Methods: In the general part is concerned with the lumboischialgic syndrome issue, namely with its causes and symptoms, manifestations, methods of examination and a both conservative and surgery treatment of this disease. The second, special section of this bachelor thesis is focused on the individual patient with lumboischialgic syndrome and includes the examination realized by physiotherapist, physiotheapy assesment, subsequent therapy and the final effect of it. Results: The results of the physiotherapeutic care of the patient were observed not to be substantial positive in objective (clinical) and subjective way and medical staff (doctors) evaluated patient's condition as indication to surgery. Nevertheless, the therapies made painful situations milder, especially in the morning. Also there was relaxing...
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Current therapeutic options for the traetment of anorexia and bulimia
Kašová, Kristína ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
1. Abstract Author: Title: Form: Name of University: Degree: Department of: Consultant: Kristína Kašová Current therapeutic options for the treatment of anorexia and bulimia Diploma Thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Pharmacy Pharmacology and Toxicology PharmDr. Jana Pourová, Ph.D. The work deals with therapy of mental anorexia and bulimia and targets to collect the information about opportunities for pharmacotherapy of these diseases which can be provided as a supportive treatment together with psychotherapeutic-psychological methods. In recent years the incidence of eating disorders has rapidly increased and there are several reasons for this growth. We focus not only on the current therapeutic options for the treatment of these diseases but we also try to point out the danger which goes hand in hand with eating disorders, health complications and raising mortality of patients with the diagnosis of mental bulimia and mental anorexia. Key words: mental anorexia, mental bulimia, psychotherapeutical methods, pharmacotherapy
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Etiology and mechanisms of pathogenesis of congenital neural crest disorders
Poštulková, Adéla ; Fábik, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Krylov, Vladimír (referee)
The neural crest is an extensively migrating population of cells found only in vertebrates. It is formed in the dorsal part of the neural tube during the early embryonic development by a process called neurulation, in which the neural plate forms and the neuroepithelium subsequently sinks into the embryo. Neural crest cells detach during development and then migrate through the body to their final destinations, where they differentiate into various mesenchymal and non-mesenchymal cell types (derivatives) under the influence of signals. These derivatives include tissues of the peripheral nervous system, tissues of the endocrine system, pigment cells, facial bones, and other connective tissues. Defective migration of neural crest cells and disruption of their differentiation leads to maldevelopment of the neural crest cells derivatives, and to development a group of syndromes known as neurocristopathies, which include a wide range of malformations. The aim of this thesis is to summarize the current knowledge about individual neural crest diseases and syndromes such as Hirschsprung's disease, Treacher-Collins syndrome, piebaldism and neurofibromatosis, their causes, mechanisms of pathogenesis and possible treatment options. Key words: Neural crest, migration, differentiation, neurocristopathies,...
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Treatment and drug development against free-living pathogenic amoebae
Jankovcová, Klára-Marie ; Mach, Jan (advisor) ; Vinopalová, Martina (referee)
Free-living pathogenic amoebae are cosmopolitan unicellular eukaryotic organisms, which can cause several serious infections in humans and animals. They are causative agents of amoebic encephalitis, which are very rare and acute diseases of the central nervous system, that almost always lead to the death of the patient. Even though the importance of these pathogens has been increasing in recent years, the development of treatment procedures and drugs against them is very ineffective and unsatisfactory. Treatment and drug development is complicated mainly because of the complex biological structure of pathogens and limited knowledge of metabolic pathways and the biochemical reactions that are occurring in them, which are crucial for the development of effective drugs. In this bachelor thesis I focus on the pathogenic species Naegleria fowleri, Balamuthia mandrillaris and the pathogenic genus Acanthamoeba, which is the causative agent of encephalitis and acanthamoeba keratitis. In the first part of this bachelor thesis, I generally characterize the different representatives of free- living pathogenic amoebae and describe the clinical picture of individual diseases. In the second part I address the issue of treatment. Firstly, I describe current therapeutic options and issues of the treatment of...
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The influence of the institutional treatment on the phenonemon of self-esteem of patients in recovery from addiction diseases at the department of addictions of the Psychiatric Hospital Kosmonosy
Filipová, Zdeňka ; Šťastná, Lenka (advisor) ; Jandáč, Tomáš (referee)
Baseline: Self-esteem is often perceived as an indicator of emotional and mental well-being and life satisfaction. How we perceive ourselves is also important for our environment. Addiction disrupts the attitude towards oneself, and self-esteem becomes problematic. Therefore, it is important to focus on strengthening self-esteem in therapy. Goals: To determine the change in self-esteem of patients undergoing inpatient treatment for addiction at the Department of Addiction Treatment of the Kosmonosy Psychiatric Hospital. To demonstrate the influence of the studied categories (education, occupation, number of treatments and length of addiction) on self-esteem. To compare the change in the subjective perception of psychological quality of life in relation to self-esteem. To analyze the change in psychological and physical health. To recommend possible interventions based on the findings. Methods: This is a quantitative research conducted using questionnaires administered at the beginning and at the end of treatment. The Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale was used to assess self-esteem. The Schwartz Therapy Assessment Scale measuring the psychological aspect of quality of life was used as an additional measure. To assess treatment outcome, the Maudsley Addiction Profile questionnaire was administered,...
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History of the use of addictive substances in the 20th century in the territory of the Czech Republic
Hrabalová, Hana ; Šejvl, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Barták, Miroslav (referee)
Background: Since the desire for altered consciousness is innate in humans, addictive substances have accompanied life of humans since time immemorial. The twentieth century was a century of many changes, whether with regard to the way of life, political events or the use of addictive substances. The thesis focuses on the inventory and mapping of the development of the use of addictive substances in the territory of the Czech Republic in the 20th century. It focuses on the historical context of the development of use as well as the gradual development of legislation, treatment and prevention. Aims: The aim of this thesis was to acquaint the reader with the complex history of the use of addictive substances in the 20th century in the territory of the Czech Republic and to map the development of the use of addictive substances. Methods: This thesis is theoretical, the data was obtained from historical and modern articles, periodicals, internet and book publications. Results: It was possible to create a partially comprehensive mapping of the use of addictive substances in the territory of the Czech Republic in the 20th century, focusing on what substances were used and what events accompanied their use and development. Conclusion: Understanding the historical events and contexts of substance use can...
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History of services in the care of persons using psychoactive substances in the Marianna Oranžská Psychiatric Hospital
Kolompárová, Lada ; Šejvl, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Barták, Miroslav (referee)
Background: Marianna Oranžská Psychiatric Hospital was established in 1954 and is an important device that operates in treating persons using psychoactive substances. The concept of the device was constantly modernized, modified and nowadays it is a facility providing a wide range of addiction services. The hospital has built a reputation and is sought after by clients from all over the Czech Republic. Aims: Creation of a comprehensive description of the historical development of the facilities and services provided in the Marianna Oranžská Psychiatric Hospital from the establishment of the facility in 1954 to the present. Methods: This bachelor's thesis used qualitative research, including a content analysis of historical sources and professional publications that were thematically related to the relevant facility. Data from historical sources were processed using open coding. Results: In 1954 a Psychiatric Hospital was established in the village of Bílá voda with three wards, one of which was anti-alcohol. The first director of the hospital was MUDr. Bohumil Podařil until 1981, after which MUDr. Jiří Vařeka took his place. During his tenure, the concept of the hospital changed and the character of treatment became more like a detention center or an asylum. In 1986 MUDr. Eugen Skula became the...
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