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Changes in epigenetic regulation in the in vivo model of NAFLD
Osobová, Klára ; Boušová, Iva (advisor) ; Matoušková, Petra (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Bc. Klára Osobová Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Iva Boušová, Ph.D. Consultant: Mgr. Gabriela Svobodová Title of diploma thesis: Changes in epigenetic regulation in the in vivo model of NAFLD This diploma thesis deals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a group of liver diseases with varying degrees of damage to liver tissue, from simple steatosis (NAFL) to steatohepatitis (NASH), liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. The diploma thesis focuses on the description of the pathogenesis of NAFLD and the epigenetic changes associated with it. The aim of this thesis was to map the changes in epigenetic regulation in in vivo mouse models of NAFLD, which was induced by a high fat, fructose, and cholesterol (FFC) diet, the application of monosodium glutamate (MSG) or a combination of these factors. The effect of treatment with liraglutide and the peptide LipR31 was also investigated in mouse models. Changes in hepatic mRNA expression for enzymes regulating epigenetic modifications (histone deacetylase, DNA-methyltransferase, histone acetyltransferase) and microRNA expression (miR) were determined using quantitative PCR (polymerase chain reaction). The immunoblot method was used to determinate the protein...
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Occurrence of malignant monoclonal gammopathy in patients examined at the Regional Hospital Jičín a.s.
Trejbalová, Eliška ; Boušová, Iva (advisor) ; Novotná, Eva (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Bc. Eliška Trejbalová Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Iva Boušová, Ph.D. Consultant: Mgr. Monika Mašková Title of diploma thesis: Incidence of malignant monoclonal gammopathies in patients examined at the Regional Hospital Jičín a.s. Monoclonal gammopathies include diseases affecting B-lineage blood cells of malignant and non-malignant origin, the common feature of which is the presence of M-protein in the patient's serum or urine. Malignant monoclonal gammopathies, like other malignant diseases, are on the rise in terms of case rates in the long term. Malignant monoclonal gammopathies include, among others, multiple myeloma, which is the second most common blood tumour, and less prevalent diseases (e.g. Waldenström' s macroglobulinemia). Most malignant monoclonal gammopathies are preceded by a non-malignant type called monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Patients with this diagnosis are recommended to be monitored at specific intervals and in case of progressions to malignancy, to initiate treatment in time. The main goal of this thesis was to detect monoclonal gammopathy in patients examined at the Jičín Regional Hospital so that the analysis covers as many people as possible in the...
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An annotated translation of the Preface, Overture and the first chapter from Origins: Fourteen Billion Years of Cosmic Evolution by Neil deGrasse Tyson and Donald Goldsmith. New York and London: W. W. Norton & Company, 2004.
Brom, Ondřej ; Brotánková, Šárka (advisor) ; Kalivodová, Eva (referee)
This thesis is divided into two part: a translation of the chosen source text from English into Czech and a commentary on the translation. The source text is the Preface, Overture and the first chapter of the popular science book Origins: Fourteen Billion Years of Cosmic Evolution published by W. W. Norton & Company and written by Neil deGrasse Tyson and Donald Goldsmith. The chosen excerpt of the source text is concerned with humanity's stance towards science and cosmos followed by the first phases of the formation of the universe. The commentary is concerned with an analysis of the source text, the methods of translation, and translation issues and shifts. Key Words: the origin of the universe, science, evolution, translation, commentary, translation problems and shifts
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The potential role of inhibitor tipifarnib in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia
Hrbáčová, Patricie ; Laštovičková, Lenka (advisor) ; Jirkovský, Eduard (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Bc. Patricie Hrbáčová Supervisor: Mgr. Lenka Laštovičková, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: The potential role of inhibitor tipifarnib in the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia Anthracycline antibiotics, such as daunorubicin, are the gold standard in a treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia. However, they are not fully specific and besides cancer cells, they can damage also other structures, especially heart muscle cells. Moreover, the anthracycline resistance can develop. The daunorubicin is metabolized by carbonyl reducing enzymes to daunorubicinol, which has significantly worse therapeutic effect. This reaction can be prevented by using a specific inhibitor. In the thesis, the inhibitor tipifarnib and its effect on reactions catalysed either by aldo- ketoreductases (AKR1A1, 1B1, 1B10 and 1C3) or short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (CBR1) were tested. The strongest inhibition was observed for AKR1C3. When using 10 μM tipifarnib in reaction, an inhibition of 88.0% was observed, and 50 μM inhibitor resulted in inhibition by 92.9%. That is why kinetic parameters were specified only for AKR1C3 in all other experiments. The IC50 value was experimentally determined to 0.51 ± 0.03 μM and the inhibition...
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Text authorship classification with unknown authors
Dolník, Karel ; Hajič, Jan (advisor) ; Mírovský, Jiří (referee)
Statistical and computational authorship attribution is a widely researched topic in literary science, but few works deal with solving the problem when the classified text does not belong to any of the authors the model saw during training. This work seeks a way to detect such an unknown author using machine learning methods commonly used for authorship attribution, especially the SVM classifier. He we introduce a modified One-versus-Rest-and-None classification scheme, which extends the One-versus-Rest scheme by training with data that does not belong to any classified author. This can be done using synthetically produced data or data from authors who are certain to have no connection to the classified texts. It turned out that the smallest decrease in accuracy occurred when synthetic data is used, compared to the classification without detection of an unknown author.
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Modelling of Magnetic Films: A Scientific Perspectives
Misiurev, Denis ; Vladimír, Holcman
Modeling magnetic thin films represents a dynamic intersection of scientific inquiry and technological progress, at the forefront of materials science exploration. Researchers use various computational methods, such as Monte Carlo simulations and molecular dynamics, to understand magnetism and thin-film growth on different surfaces. Recent advancements in multiscale modeling and machine learning have improved predictive abilities, leading to a better understanding of thin-film dynamics over different spatial and temporal scales. This interdisciplinary approach, coupled with advanced experimental techniques like in situ microscopy, promises significant advancements in magnetic materials. These advancements have wide-ranging implications in areas such as magnetic data storage, spintronics, and magnetic sensors. The integration of computational modeling and experimental validation marks a new era of scientific rigor, providing deep insights into the real-time behavior of magnetic films and enhancing the accuracy of predictive models. As researchers navigate unexplored territory, the field of magnetic thin-film modeling holds great promise for unlocking new possibilities in materials science and engineering. Through a combination of theoretical exploration and empirical validation, magnetic thin-film modeling is poised to drive innovation and revolutionize various industries in the future.
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Interconnection of three-dimensional printing, material science and bone tissue engineering for creating ideal bone scaffolds
Šromová, Veronika
The interconnection of three-dimensional (3D) printing, material science, and bone tissue engineering holds immense promise in the realm of scaffold development for bone repair. This work delves into the intricate interplay between various factors influencing the success hydroxyapatite biomaterials in bone regeneration, including material selection, porosity, structural design, surface modification, and other mechanical characteristics. Our aim is the pursuit of ideal biomaterials possessing both favorable biological responses and mechanical integrity. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is used to analyze the chemical structure of the material, particularly the chemical bonds present. Using SEM, we were subsequently able to analyze the microstructure and nanostructure of the 3D printed hydroxyapatite sample.
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Worksheets for a field trip to the periodic table of elements at the Faculty of Science, Charles University
Kyzek, Tomáš ; Teplý, Pavel (advisor) ; Míka, Luděk (referee)
The thesis describes a relation of the periodic table of elements, field trips and worksheets to chemistry education. Specifically the thesis is focused on a field trip to an exposition The periodic table of elements at the Faculty of Science, Charles University. Theoretical part of the thesis analyses the history of the periodic table of elements, summary of curricular documents and textbooks for elementary schools and grammar schools, afterwards relation of an field trip to students' learning and lastly the meaning of worksheets and A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing: A Revision of Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. The methodology covers gathering feedbacks, creating tasks, their goals and solution. The discussion about choosing and changings tasks compared to the original worksheet are described in the practical part of the thesis. Four versions of worksheets were created each containing 10 tasks. All versions of worksheets, a version for elementary schools with a lecturer, a version for secondary schools with a lecturer, a version for elementary schools without a lecturer, a version for secondary schools without a lecturer.
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Inducing two-way shape memory effect in Nitinol-Polymer Composite
Zeman, Jakub ; Samal, Sneha Manjaree (advisor) ; Mathis, Kristián (referee)
Title: Inducing Two-way Shape Memory Effect in NiTi-polymer Composite Author: Jakub Zeman Supervisor: Sneha Manjaree Samal, Ph.D., Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Abstract: Two-way shape memory effect (TWSME) allows material to ac- tively deform between two remembered shapes without the application of ex- ternal force. The most common stimulus is temperature change with several approaches to induce shape memory effect in the material. The approach stud- ied in this thesis utilizes Nitinol and shape memory polymer. By combining these two materials, bistable TWSME was induced in the composite. Bistable TWSME allows the material to be in both of its remembered shapes at a single temperature. The shape of the material depends on the temperature profile by which the target temperature was reached. To create the composite Nitinol foil was shape set and its surface laser lined to increase adhesion with the polymer. Out of the studied polymers, the best properties for the preparation of com- posite were exhibited by a blend of 60 % TPU and 40 % PCL by weight. The composite was then prepared by hot press and tested. Keywords: inducing two-way shape memory effect, Nitinol, shape memory polymer, composite 1
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