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Juniper pastures in the Wallachia area and predictors of their preservation
Mizera, Ondřej ; Křenová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Mudrák, Ondřej (referee)
Common juniper (Juniperus communis), as a species of predominantly open habitats, used to be part of semi-natural grassland communities, such a pastures. In the area of Moravian Wallachia (eastern part of the Czech Republic) this type of grassland is known as juniper pasture, however as in the whole of Europe, it is a type of habitat that is disappearing rapidly from the landscape, among other reasons due to the absence of juveniles in the population. A total of 20 potentially preserved juniper pastures were identified within nine cadastral areas in the Moravian Wallachia (Beskydy Protected Landscape Area) and visited during the vegetation period. The total number of J. communis individuals was recorded, including their dendrometric (crown height and radius) and descriptive characteristics (sex, vitality, developmental stage, sociability, form). Characteristics of vegetation cover and type of site management were also recorded to define the main factors influencing the vitality and proportion of juvenile individuals in the population of J. communis. Field research was supplemented by analyses of orthophotos and topographical data processed in a GIS environment. In total 2,896 juniper were recorded at 20 locations, while the population of J. communis in the area of interest can be characterized by...
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Impact of warming on soil organic carbon
Štecová, Michaela ; Vindušková, Olga (advisor) ; Jílková, Veronika (referee)
Climate change is the main cause of rising global temperatures around the world. Carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems is considered one of the main tools for climate change mitigation, but current estimates of sequestration potential do not include the impacts of future climate change. The aim of this thesis is to summarize our current knowledge on the response of soil organic carbon to warming, alone as well as in combination with other drivers of climate change. A complementary aim is to compare the different methods used to study the impact of warming on soiIncreased temperature causes significant losses of soil carbon, but no consistent effect has been observed in combination with other aspects of climate change. Research suggests that carbon losses depend on the stability of soil fractions, with warming leading to greater decreases in particulate organic matter (POM). The combination of warming with rising CO2 concentration has led to an overall increase in soil carbon, although losses have been observed in combination with drought. When studying the effects of warming on soil carbon stocks, selecting the appropriate method is crucial. Active methods offer precise control but are more expensive and can impact soil biota, whereas passive methods are cheaper but require more time....
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Distribution of aerosol particles from ship diesel engines
Šmok, Dominik ; Hovorka, Jan (advisor) ; Vojtíšek, Michal (referee)
3 Abstract Measurements of aerosol particle size distributions in the range 5 nm - 4 µm at 1.5 m above sea level were carried out on board a boat in German waters of the Baltic Sea. The measurements were aimed at characterizing aerosol particles from marine aerosol and from ship diesel engines and their dynamics, i.e. the aging of the exhaust plume in the marine boundary layer. The marine aerosol of PNC5-340 1335-1939 cm-3 is characterized by Aitken, accumulation and coarse modes of CMD 20 and 41-55 nm and 123-159 nm and 1.6 µm, respectively. The ratio of the accumulation to the Aitken mode increases with increasing shipping density. Aerosol particles from diesel engines in exhaust plumes with an age of 2 - 60 s and at a distance of 150 - 600 m from the surveyed ships are characterized by PNC5-340 1-4 -105 cm-3 and CMD 20 nm. The modal size distribution of supermicron particles of Da 1 - 4 µm does not change in the exhaust plume, the total mass of supermicron particles increases only by 1 - 6% compared to the background. The dynamics of the size distributions of aerosol particle numbers is mainly due to the formation, i.e. expansion and dilution, of the plume. However, in the exhaust plume with an age of 6 - 16 s and at a distance of 50 - 150 m, a faster decrease was observed for PNC20 due to the...
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Role of glucocorticoids in synchronization of fetal suprachiasmatic nuclei
Janáčová, Klára ; Sumová, Alena (advisor) ; Lužná, Vendula (referee)
The development and entrainment of fetal suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) are controlled by maternal cues, including hormones that cross through the placenta in a circadian rhythm. A recent study highlighted the effect of glucocorticoids (GC) on fetal SCN both in vitro and in vivo, where the application of the synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (DEX) in vivo regulated the c-Fos gene expression (Čečmanová et al., 2019). Using organotypic SCN explants from embryonic day 17 (E17) of a transgenic mPer2Luc mouse model, this research built on the initial study to further elucidate the action of GC upon in vitro application. Real-time recording of PER2-bioluminescence in E17 SCN explants confirmed that DEX increases the amplitude of E17 SCN explants, and DEX application at CT 15-18 leads to a phase advance of the rhythm. The specificity of the DEX effect was confirmed by application of the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, mifepristone. Inhibition of the protein kinase A and C signalling pathways, which regulate c-Fos gene expression had no effect on DEX action in vitro in E17 SCN explants. No effect of DEX on PER2 protein turnover was observed. Using a newly optimized RNA isolation method followed by RT-qPCR, an increased level of c-Fos was detected in E17 SCN explants 1h after DEX application at CT...
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Analysis of drug administration by nurses in health facility VIII
Vaclaviková, Iveta ; Malý, Josef (advisor) ; Šorf, Aleš (referee)
Author: Iveta Vaclaviková Tutor: doc. PharmDr. Josef Malý, Ph.D. Consultant: Mgr. Ondřej Tesař Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University Introduction and aims: Medication errors contribute significantly to the occurrence of adverse events that can impact patient health. The aim of this thesis was to analyze the administration of drugs to patients hospitalized by nurses in one of four studied health facilities in the South Bohemia region in the surgical, internal medicine and aftercare wards. Methods: This diploma thesis is part of an observational-interventional study, in years 2020- 2023. Observations took place in internal medicine, surgery and aftercare wards. Collection of data was held from 23th May to 26th May 2022 by a multidisciplinary team made up of a pharmacist and a nurse by direct observation method. These following data were collected: information about pacient (e.g., gender, age, and any medications taken), information about the nurse by whom the medications were administered (e.g., age, years of experience, highest educational attainment), and information recorded during the actual administration of the medications (e.g. nurse compliance with hygiene requirements; patient identification; checking originality of the drug; whether the...
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Interaction of non-thermal plasma at atmospheric pressure (CAPP) with non-pathogenic bacteria
Chobotská, Barbora ; Brázda, Václav (referee) ; Kozáková, Zdenka (advisor)
The subject of this bachelor thesis is the study of decontamination effects of cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) on selected bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis. A non-thermal microwave plasma torch was used. The plasma torch was connected to the software in the computer, which allowed its movement over the treated area. The used power fluctuated between 12–13 W and argon (gas purity 4.6) was chosen as the working gas with a constant flow rate of 5 l/min Inhibition efficacy was observed depending on the type of the selected treatment. The chosen treatment parameters included the effect of speed, direction, and treatment time for both studied bacteria. The aim was to achieve the highest decontamination of the treated area and to determine which of these parameters appeared to be the most significant. No obvious difference (between the treatment directions) was found in the overall decontamination of the treated area for studied bacteria Escherichia coli. The negative effect of speed was only observed for the fastest speed used in the case of gram-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis. The most significant parameter was found to be the treatment time, where a significant decrease in colony growth was observed with increasing treatment time. Furthermore, a repeated treatment was done, where the inoculum was prepared from the already treated bacteria. By this set of experiments, possible development of microbial resistance against the plasma treatment was tested. The results showed that there was no significant increase in the number of colonies even after the repeated treatment. It was also observed that the gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis showed lower decontamination effect evaluated via the number of colonies than the gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli for all treatment types studied.
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Investigating very high-frequency oscillations phenomena in human brain
Kolajová, Martina ; Cimbálník, Jan (referee) ; Klimeš, Petr (advisor)
Identifikace zóny vzniku záchvatu (SOZ) – oblasti mozku, kde začínají záchvaty – je klíčová pro úspěch chirurgické resekce epileptického ložiska. Význam vysokých vysokofrekvenčních oscilací (VHFO) spočívá v jejich roli jako více specifického biomarkeru této nemoci, přestože mechanismus jejich vzniku zůstává nejasný. Jednotlivé neurony nejsou fyziologicky schopné generovat oscilace v rozsahu VHFO. Je proto předpokládáno, že VHFO zaznamenané makroelektrodami mohou vznikat sumací aktivity různých neuronálních skupin, které pálí asynchronně. Tato diplomová práce se věnuje analýze jevů VHFO s důrazem na jejich vztah k epilepsii. Pomocí metod s využitím měření na mikroelektrodovém poli (MEA) jsou zkoumány mechanismy vzniku VHFO prostřednictvím analýzy dat v programovacím jazyce Python.
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Trends in renewable sources and in modern energy
Kotas, Tomáš ; Preisler, Lukáš (referee) ; Kudela, Libor (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with the issue of renewable energy sources. Renewable energy sources are categorized and extensively described, including the principles of their functions and basic parameters. The thesis further focuses on the development of the position of renewable energy sources over the years compared to non-renewable energy sources worldwide and in the Czech Republic. This development is monitored in terms of both electricity and heat. Statistics indicate that the share of renewable energy sources in both forms of energy is increasing. The thesis also analyzes the origin and course of discussions related to this issue, including climate change and international cooperation. Possible predictions and specific scenarios related to the energy vision are provided for both the Czech Republic and on a global scale within the thesis. All scenarios agree on the same future trend – an increasing share of renewable energy sources at the expense of non-renewable sources. In conclusion, the thesis addresses current trends in technologies in modern energy, with the most significant technological progress in recent years observed in the fields of electromobility, hydrogen, and CCUS. The final chapter discusses methods of energy storage.
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Possibilities of using the multigenerational test on the organism Daphnia magna
Měšťánková, Anna ; Maršálková, Eliška (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the study of the effects of pharmaceutical substances ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and acetylsalicylic acid, as well as their combinations, on the freshwater organism Daphnia magna through multigenerational ecotoxicological tests. The presence of pharmaceutical residues in ecosystems is a significant environmental problem, which necessitates a deeper understanding of their long-term effects on organisms, including aquatic ones. The work monitored the influence of the aforementioned pharmaceuticals through acute tests, as well as chronic ones. While the acute toxicity of these substances is not significant, their long-term impact was demonstrated through chronic tests. A significant decrease in the reproductive capacity of D. magna was observed, manifesting not only in the delay of the first brood but primarily in the overall decrease in offspring numbers across generations. The findings indicate that the combination of drugs can have synergistic toxic effects, which in some cases may lead to a complete cessation of reproduction. Additionally, growth inhibitions, behavioral changes, and body deformations in exposed organisms were observed. These multigenerational tests provide a comprehensive and realistic view of the potential ecotoxicological risk of pharmaceuticals in freshwater ecosystems and support the need for in-depth research on the impact of pharmaceuticals on aquatic organisms.
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Optimization of the cultivation media for thermophilic bacterium Caldimonas thermodepolymerans
Fajtová, Zuzana ; Černayová, Diana (referee) ; Obruča, Stanislav (advisor)
The subject of the bachelor ‘s thesis is the optimization of the cultivation conditions of the thermophilic bacterium Caldimonas thermodepolymerans. The theoretical part provides a general characterisation of PHA materials, their synthesis, degradation, and applications. In addition, extremophilic microorganisms and the bacterium C. thermodepolymerans are discussed in the theoretical part. The experimental part of the thesis focuses on the production of the PHB by the bacterium C. thermodepolymerans DSM 15344. A series of experiments were carried out to optimise the cultivation conditions. The influence of temperature, inoculum ratio, inoculum age, mineral medium composition, and concentrations of nitrogen sources in the mineral medium on culture growth and PHB production was investigated. It was found that the original conditions set were already close to optimal for the cultivation. A higher yield compared to the control conditions was observed with a combination of 0.5 g/l yeast extract and 1.5 g/l ammonium chloride, resulting in a 7% increase in PHB.
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