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Quality of life in the elderly population in the Czech Republic
Pojerová, Jana ; Pavlů, Dagmar (advisor) ; Šorfová, Monika (referee)
Title: Quality of life in the elderly population in the Czech Republic Objectives: The aim of the study is to assess the quality of life of older people in the Czech Republic in relation to physical activity and to explore their awareness of the concept of frailty. The sub-objectives include a literature search of the issue and elaboration of theoretical background and formulation of research questions on the basis of these. A further objective is then to conduct the research itself, consisting of a one-off survey using a guided interview. Finally, a detailed analysis of the interviews, processing of the results and discussion. Methods: The paper uses the method of research of available Czech and foreign literature sources and the method of structured interview with a predetermined battery of questions for data collection. Opinions on healthy ageing, physical activity and its impact on quality of life and frailty were explored through the interview. A total of 17 older adults were interviewed. Analysis of the interviews was then carried out according to the methodology of Giorgi (1985) to determine the results. Results: Among other factors, physical activity has a positive impact on the quality of life of older people in the Czech Republic. It is also independence, psychological well-being, social...
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The effect of the circadian rhythm on the work of a paramedic
ŠEDIVÝ, Martin
The topic of the bachelor's thesis is "The effect of the circadian rhythm on the work of a paramedic". Most rescuers may not even realize the great sacrifice they make by performing this demanding profession. This is a very respectable job, which is burdened with a huge amount of stress and a demanding work schedule. The combination of these two unfavorable factors may have a negative impact on the health of rescuers over a longer period of time. The theoretical part deals with the explanation of the term circadian rhythm, sleep and its structure, nutrition, physical activities, blue light, caffeine, health complications that are the result of a disturbed circadian rhythm and the effect of circadian rhythmicity on work efficiency. The research part was implemented using semi-structured interviews, and 12 informants who are employed at the South Bohemian Region Medical Rescue Service in the position of paramedic were included in the research investigation. Each informant was asked the same questions, which were then evaluated using the coding technique and were divided into several categories and subcategories. The main topics for responding the objective of the work were health complications of shift work, adaptation to shift work, principles of proper nutrition and sleeping habits. Research has shown that the circadian rhythm affects the work of a paramedic, but it is very individual and affects each paramedic in a different way. Alternating irregular shifts are difficult to get used to, and working at night is not ideal from a physiological point of view. Most of the rescuers confirmed to us that they had a lower work performance and a longer reaction time during the night hours. Furthermore, night shifts have a negative effect on the health of workers, and health complications may occur years later, which may not allow rescuers to continue to perform their work as well as before.
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The impact of specific food types and physical activity on breast cancer incidence and development in women
Dvořáková, Tereza ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Šuta Kimle, Katarína (referee)
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers among women globally. Modifiable risk factors such as diet and physical activity play a significant role in developing prevention strategies and interventions. The influence of diet and physical activity on the incidence and development of breast cancer is a subject of ongoing research. Healthy lifestyle patterns, characterized by balanced nutrition and regular physical activity, have shown positive implications in preventing the onset of breast cancer. The practical part of this paper uses data from 15 patients who participated in and completed the three-month ONKO-FIT intervention programme. The program aimed to evaluate the effects of targeted nutritional and exercise therapy on the physical condition of breast cancer patients. While the results did not show a statistically significant improvement due to the relatively small sample size, there was a non-zero positive effect, suggesting a possible influence of the therapy on the patients' physical condition. These initial findings underline the potential benefits of such lifestyle interventions, which could significantly impact the treatment and recovery process for breast cancer patients. However, these results also highlight the need for further studies with larger sample sizes to confirm the...
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Gait detection and step counting using smartphone
Kočendová, Kateřina ; Vítek, Martin (referee) ; Němcová, Andrea (advisor)
The focus of this thesis is the detection of walking and running, followed by a step count. Testing is performed on signals of regular daily human activity that involve sections of running, walking or no activity. Those signals are logged using accelerometer in smartphone. The exact type of physical activity performed is distinguished by an average, variation coefficient and wave transformation methods. Basics statistic methods are used to quantify the number of steps taken during either walking or running. Algorithm for activity detection and algorithm for step counting are optimized and tested by a set of signals.
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Classification of free living data sensed with Faros
Šalamoun, Jan ; Vítek, Martin (referee) ; Smíšek, Radovan (advisor)
Topic of this master thesis is classification of free living data sensed with Faros. Faros is small compatible device which measure ECG and 3-axes accelerometric data. The first part of master thesis is find out how automatically measure free living activities by accelerometer and ECG. In next part was measured data of 8 activities from 10 probands. Automatic algorithms are made for this data in Matlab. This algorithms were used for this datasets and compare with manually recorded references. In the end of master thesis data were statistically evaluated.
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Comparison of data from smartphones, fitness trackers, and specialised devices
Kačníková, Diana ; Smital, Lukáš (referee) ; Němcová, Andrea (advisor)
The focus of this thesis is the comparissement of data from smart phones, fitness bracelets and specialized devices. Thesis includes description of features when using special devices such as smart phone, Axivity AX3 bracelet and Fitbit Alta HR for data recording. Signals were recorded using those devices with different anatomical locations and sampling frequencies. Those data recorded were implemented for three algorithms created for activity classification. Detection accuracy was calculated for each signal recorded. Devices, sampling frequencies and anatomical locations were compared based on the accuracy. Ultimate combination of sampling frequency, anatomical location and suitable device was defined.
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Molecular bases for the effect of exercise on postmenopausal bone health
Mocová, Klára ; Škubica, Patrik (advisor) ; Pikner, Richard (referee)
Hormonal changes caused by menopause, most notably the decline in estradiol levels, lead to rapid bone loss, putting a significant percentage of postmenopausal women at serious risk of developing osteoporosis. Postmenopausal osteoporosis influences many aspects of women's health and their overall well-being. Regular physical activity is considered one of the essential means to slow the bone loss process and prevent bone fragility. Many molecules play a role in the reaction of bone to mechanical stress during exercise, both those produced directly by bone cells and those expressed by other tissues, such as myokines and cytokines. The molecular connections between the menopausal changes in bone and the skeletal reaction to exercise are not well-known, especially considering variables like different types of exercise or individual levels of osteoporosis risk. Learning more about these links could help us better understand how exactly exercise influences postmenopausal bones. Moreover, it would be beneficial for creating more effective guidelines for osteoporosis prevention through exercise and developing better prevention and treatment approaches for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Keywords: menopause, bone metabolism, physical activity, exercise, postmenopausal osteoporosis
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Changes in fitness parameters after bariatric surgery
Černohlávek, Lukáš ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Kolár, Leoš (referee)
Introduction: Obesity is characterized as an excessive accumulation of fat that can impair health. Nowadays, obesity is considered to be a very serious problem that is becoming increasingly important as the number of obese people increases. One of the options for treating severe obesity is surgical treatment or performing bariatric surgery. These allow significant weight loss with a long-lasting effect, so they are a very good solution for highly obese people. Aim: The aim of this interventional study is to compare changes in fitness and body composition before and after bariatric surgery in patients in the bariatric patient register of the 3rd Internal Clinic of the General Faculty Hospital in Prague who underwent bariatric surgery in 2022. The aim is also to introduce in detail readers with obesity issues, especially with bariatric obesity treatment. Methodology: The monitored group consisted of 11 respondents from the register of bariatric patients of the 3rd internal clinic of the General University Hospital in Prague. For these 11 respondents, changes in fitness based on walking tests and changes in body composition using InBody measurements were evaluated before bariatric surgery and 3 months after surgery. Subsequently, from these 11 respondents, 5 respondents were selected, in whom it was...
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The effect of activity - inactivity on human cognitive function
Mandlík, Kryštof ; Bitnar, Petr (advisor) ; Kučerová, Klára (referee)
This thesis adresses the effect of physical activity on human cognitive functions. It is based on the already proven fact that movement and physical activity have positive effect on human ascending reticular activating system. The experiment was conducted in two groups of different age. As a control group we used students not engaging in any activity. As a form of physical activity we chose brisk walk. The effect on cognitive function was based on direct measuring of memory in a form of recall test and on phonologic test of verbal fluence. Standardized questioners like Montreal cognitive test or MMSE weren't found apropriate because they are intended for use in case of impaired cognitive function. The aim of this thesis was to bring further findings on this topic. We were unable to confirm a statistically significant positive effect of physical activity on human cognition.
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Possibilities of influencing dysmenorrhea
Husťaková, Darina ; Nováková, Pavlína (advisor) ; Hošková, Blanka (referee)
Title: Possibilities of influencing dysmenorrhea Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate what options exist to influence dysmenorrhea and whether physical activity, BMI and stress have an effect on reducing menstrual pain. Methods: This is an empirical research, in quantitative character. A questionnaire survey was used using a non-standardized on-line questionnaire of our own design. There were single- choice or multiple-choice questions as well as an open-ended response option. This questionnaire was completed anonymously. The questionnaire was completed by 138 women aged 18 to 40 years, median 23, during June to December 2022. The results of the study were processed in Microsoft Excel 2016. Results: The following results came out of the survey. Women with higher BMI do not have more menstrual pains compared to girls with normal BMI or underweight. Further, according to the research, no association was found between stress and worsening of menstrual pain. According to the research, women with dysmenorrhea and regular physical activity do not have less menstrual pain than women with dysmenorrhea without regular physical activity. Regular physical activity has little effect on the duration of menstrual pain in women with dysmenorrhea, nor on the regularity of the menstrual cycle in...
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