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The Development of Czech Tobacco Advertising
Štichová, Kateřina ; Šebesta, Karel (advisor) ; Chromý, Jan (referee)
The thesis studies the consumption of tobacco as a specific cultural phenomenon owing to the fact that since a tobacco plant has been brought to Europe; its use has spread over other continents and has rooted in many developed civilizations. From the theoretical standpoint, the thesis argues that as cultures are not constant entities, the same applies for public opinions regarding tobacco, from the firm belief that tobacco has positive effects on our health to the stigmatization of tobacco. The paper has four parts. First three parts discuss smoking in marketing communication and further identifies key topics; the final part presents the semiotic analysis of tobacco advertising from the selected periodicals printed (from newspapers and magazines) in the former Czechoslovakia from twenties to fifties of the twentieth century. The main objective is to specify both verbal and visual motives that ad makers used to use in order to create ideological implications of their ads (decoding symbols and interpretation of their meanings). Further, the thesis describes the former advertising style for tobacco products ( brands, targeting, products). The methodology of the work is partly based on the work of Jan Stern (2005, Latent meaning of advertisement text), further some of his terms are being applied in...
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Effects of Word Imageability on the Acquisition of Grammatical Morphology in Czech Children
Kříž, Adam ; Smolík, Filip (advisor) ; Chromý, Jan (referee)
(in English): In many studies there was demonstrated that word's imageability - the ability of a word to produce a mental image of it's referent - affects the processing of its inflection (e.g. Prado - Ullman, 2009), its acquisition (e.g. McDonough et al., 2011) and the acquisition of grammatical morphemes (Smolík, in press). This thesis builds on the Smolík's paper, and its goal is to test whether the imageability of a word's stem influences the acquisition of its inflections in Czech children. Word imageability ratings and ratings of other variables that were assumed to affect the process of the acquisition of word inflections, were collected, then questionnaires were distributed to parents to examine how the forms of chosen words are acquired by children. The focus was on the acquisition of nominative plural of nouns, present tense in second person and past tense of verbs. The results show that the imageability significantly predicts the age of acquisition of the nominative in singular and all observed forms of verbs. The absence of the imegability effect on the acquisition of nominative in plural may be due to the overall high imageability and thus reduced variability of ratings in nouns in our dataset. Two possible explanations of the imageability effect on the acqusition of morphological...
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Mistakes in Writing from the Psycholinguistic Perspective
Křivánková, Jana ; Chromý, Jan (advisor) ; Adam, Robert (referee)
The thesis is concerned with speech errors and errors in writing. It summarizes the theories of spoken and written language production and specifies basic types of speech errors and errors in writing. The interpretation of typing errors is presented which is based on a corpus of errors collected directly for this purpose. The corpus also serves as a basis for statistical analysis of the frequency of typing errors. The thesis also compares types of speech errors and errors in writing and identifies main differences and similarities between them.
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Distribution of Prepositions na, v and do in Place Names of Present-Day Czech
Vasko, Vojtěch ; Lehečková, Eva (advisor) ; Chromý, Jan (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the system of distribution of prepositions na, v and do in toponyms, which is an issue that has not been systematically described in any scientific work yet. At the beginning of the work hypotheses, which I have determined on the basis of literature, are stated; then a description of a fieldwork, by which I was trying to verify those hypotheses, follows. A result of the work then consists in a comparison of the obtained data with hypotheses and in a description of the determined system of distribution of investigated prepositions in toponyms.
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The usage of generic masculines in a Czech text
Smithová, Simona ; Čmejrková, Světla (advisor) ; Chromý, Jan (referee)
The goal of this master's thesis, "The usage of generic masculines in Czech text," is to present aspects of Czech generic masculines and the concept of gender-correct communication. First, the theoretical portion of the thesis presents the historic background of the concept of gender and the category of grammatical gender with a view to the theory of reference. The research part probes the relationships between the grammatical gender of an expression denoting person or group of people and its reference. There is also a questionnaire illustrating the attitudes of a group of Czech native speakers towards the necessity of gender correctness.
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The language and culture of Finnish immigrants and their descendants in North America
Chromý, Jan ; Fárová, Lenka (advisor) ; Lindroosová, Hilkka (referee)
According to the statistics approximately 1,1 % of the American nation has its roots in Finland. This is mainly the consequence of mass emigration, which concerned the whole Europe during the 19th century, including Finland. Due to the conditions in their homeland, which had been absolutely unfavourable for living, thousands of Finnish citizens left for North America. In the beginning their destination was the USA, but later Canada became more desirable. There were large Finnish communities (over 30 000 people) in the states of Michigan and Minnesota in 1930 and even in 2000 thousands of Americans acknowledge Finnish ancestry. Thanks to their certain aloofness and "introvert nature" the original communities, which do not exist any more, had created a very interesting social and cultural phenomenon, of which the language was a significant part. This dialect of the Finnish language, strongly influenced by English, provides a unique chance to research the impacts of the contact of isolating English and strongly agglutinative Finnish. There is no specialized publication or even a study on this topic in the Czech language. This work aims to fill the gap at least with the basic information about the historical, cultural and mainly language development of the Finnish immigrants and their descendants in...
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Relation between graphemes and colours in native speakers of Czech
Džupová, Olga ; Chromý, Jan (advisor) ; Adam, Robert (referee)
The thesis consists of three parts. In the first part, synaesthesia is described and previous research in grapheme-colour synaesthesia is analyzed. The second part introduces an experiment on Czech synaesthetes which is a replication of an experiment described by Julia Simner et al. in Non-random associations of graphemes to colours in synaesthetic and non-synaesthetic populations. The third part is concerned with an interpretation of acquired results and comparison of these results with data from English speaking synaesthetes.
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Ascpects of Variation of Prepositions na and v(e) in Present-Day Czech
Sedláčková, Hana ; Chromý, Jan (advisor) ; Adam, Robert (referee)
The present thesis deals with the variation of prepositions na and v(e) in the contemporary Czech. On the basis of the previous literature it follows the distribution of these prepositions and their morpho-syntactical relations. The attention is focused on the description of linguistic collocations based on corpus-analysis of several nouns. Furthemore, the hypothesis for using the prepositions are outlined. The results of the analysis are used for the last part of the thesis - the sociolinguistic research. The aim of this thesis is to describe the distribution of the prepositions and point out some differences on some representative examples.
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Language Relativity and Grammatical Gender in Czech
Matějka, Štěpán ; Chromý, Jan (advisor) ; Vaňková, Irena (referee)
The diploma thesis is concerned with the effect of the grammatical gender of Czech nouns referring to inanimate entities on their semantic meaning and conceptualization. The thesis looks into the question whether masculines are conceptulized as "men" and feminines as "women". The thesis is divided into two main parts. In the first part, theoretical insight into the question of relation between language and thought is provided. In this part, foreign experiments related to our research question are mentioned as well. In the second part, two experiments accomplished in the Czech language are presented. The objective of experiment nr. 1 was to choose such semantic differential scales which according to Czech speakers distinguish the "female and male principle" the best. In experiment nr. 2, feminine and masculine gender variants of nouns were employed (e. g. "brambor - brambora"). Experiment nr. 2 contained two tasks. The first task used the semantic differential method. In the second task, participants were asked to choose a woman's or a man's voice that the inanimate entities would have in a cartoon movie. The results of the first task indicate that the grammatical gender of nouns did not affect the decision-making as individual nouns were marked on the semantic differential scales. However, there...
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Linguistic composition of Petr Šabach's prose
Biňovcová, Barbora ; Mareš, Petr (advisor) ; Chromý, Jan (referee)
The methodological part of the essay focuses on defining elements of the Czech language, especially literary language, colloquial language, vernacular language, slang and argot, and on application of these elements in 20th century literature. The practical part of the essay is devoted to usage of elements of the colloquial and the nonliterary languages in chosen proses written by Petr Šabach in consideration of their function in text. Key words: colloquial, vernacular language, locution of narrator, locution of character, direct speech, semi-direct speech, characterization function, expresixity
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