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Identification of emotional expression from photographs and
Jiřištová, Kamila ; Šípek, Jiří (referee) ; Slaměník, Ivan (referee)
and keywords This thesis is focused on identification of emotional expression in the human face. The theoretical part deals with the introduction to the emotions, social functions of emotions, expression of basic emotions characteristics and emotion recognition. The empirical part is concerned with the research of emotion identification from photographs and short movie swatches. The aim of this thesis is to evidence the importance of knowing the context of the situation while recognising the emotions. In the research I focused the attention on the six basic emotions (fear, anger, sadness, surprise, joy and disgust/contempt). The research confirmed my assumptions only partially: the knowledge of the context of the situation facilitates identification of some emotions, but some make the identification significantly more difficult (some emotional expressions in the context of the situation were not recognized at all). Keywords: emotions, basic emotions, identification of emotions, emotional expression in the face, context
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Emotion regulation in the perspective of development, health and culture of an individual
Poláčková Šolcová, Iva ; Slaměník, Ivan (advisor) ; Bratská, Mária (referee) ; Šípek, Jiří (referee)
This thesis deals with the emotion regulation. The author presents a theoretical concept of emotion regulation and deals with the theoretical development of emotion regulation across the human lifespan. In the empirical part, the author presents three papers. The first deals with the emotion regulation in relation to the health of the individual. The study shows that unhealthy individuals suppress significantly more emotions and affective phenomena compared to healthy individuals. The second study deals with the display rules of basic emotions in a sample of Czech undergraduate students. The last paper is a cross-cultural survey comparing the frequency of emotions experienced by its participants and the emotion regulation strategies in the group of Czech and Slovak undergraduate students. Emotion regulation in this study appears to be a significant factor of cultural differences: Slovak participants access open and authentic expression of emotions significantly more often than the Czech participants. The presented thesis is a contribution to the existing understanding of emotion regulation with regard to the development, health and culture of the individual. Keywords Emotion Emotion regulation Development of emotion regulation Health Culture
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Betrayal anticipation and experience in interpersonal relationships
Lačev, Alek ; Slaměník, Ivan (advisor) ; Šolcová, Iva (referee) ; Šípek, Jiří (referee)
"It's terrible. You can't trust anyone anymore." - Dawn Butler In this dissertation I concern myself with a phenomenon of betrayal within field of psychology. Despite the fact that examples of violations or betrayals of trust are manifold, relatively little theory exists regarding dynamics of trust, context-specific perception of betrayal or ability to predict violation of trust be- fore it actually happens. Overall there is significant gap in our knowledge about betrayal, despite its obvious prevalence in human behaviour. There are several approaches to betrayal ranging from evolutionary psy- chology to organizational psychology. Nevertheless this area lacks some unified approach and grasp of the problem. In my work I try to explore and build upon all these theories to answer following questions: (1) Is betrayal context-specific? Does certain context trigger perception of certain behaviour to be viewed as betrayal? (2) What role does intentionality play in perception of betrayal? In what contexts is intention even relevant? (3) Are we able to predict betrayal? Are there some emotional or communicational clues of upcoming betrayal? In the research part of this thesis I further examine betrayal in four differ- ent ways. I ask about colour-association to betrayal to examine their prevailing emotion...
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Structure and dynamics of close personal relationships
Horáková Hurychová, Zuzana ; Slaměník, Ivan (advisor) ; Janoušek, Jaromír (referee) ; Výrost, Jozef (referee)
Zuzana Horáková Hurychová Dissertation: Structure and dynamics of close personal relationships ABSTRACT Keywords: Close personal relationship, components of close relationships, close relationship's dynamics, relationship type, methods of measuring close relationships, prototype approach, RCI, DOTEV The thesis deals with close personal relationships and their specific characteristics. Even though this area has been extensively explored abroad, it has received little attention in the Czech Republic. We can see a certain paradox: While there are no standard methods of measuring or specifying relationship characteristics of the Czech population, foreign literature is abundant in theories on how close personal relationships work, offering methods of their measurement. These methods usually focus on a specific component of the relationship. Therefore, it has not been possible to fully meet the objectives of this thesis. The first objective was to perform a theoretical mapping of close relationships, which is not fully possible due to the limited extent of the thesis. Thus, I only focused on the most frequently cited and most interesting, in my opinion, concepts that offer practical methods of measuring close relationships. The thesis offers a wide, though not exhaustive, overview that has served as a basis for...
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Social Psychological Aspects of Humor
Zemanovičová, Iva ; Slaměník, Ivan (advisor) ; Štětovská, Iva (referee)
The theoretical part of the thesis first outlines basic theories of humour. Further, it deals with the psychological functions of humour, specifically cognitive, social and psychohygienic. Since preference, content and sharing of humour are to an important extent influenced by the life period in which a person finds himself/herself, the thesis also focuses on the connection between humour and ontogenetic development of human. In her thesis, the author also pays attention to laughter, which represents the most common reaction to a humorous stimulus, and to sense of humour, being an important personality characteristic of people. The final chapter maps a role of humour in various themes of social psychology. It deals with its influence on social interaction, attitudes or relationships, with emphasis on close relationships. Gender differences and similarities in using, preferring and appreciating humour are covered too. Finally, it discusses humour in connection with communicating aggressive and hostile content. The empirical part contains research on the connection between satisfaction in a relationship and using humour in three types of close relationships - with a partner, parent and friend. The research further addresses the question whether there are differences in functions of humour between the...
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Attributional styles and their research on persons suffering from psychosomatic disorder
Nováková, Martina ; Slaměník, Ivan (advisor) ; Štětovská, Iva (referee)
The thesis deals with attributional styles and their research in patients with psychosomatic disorder. The text is divided into a theoretical part and an empirical part. The term psychosomatic disorder is defined in the theoretical part. The essential links between psychosomatic disorder, stress and cognitive processes are mentioned. Selected attribution theory and the concepts of attributional styles, then make up the majority theory. In the empirical part, there are hypotheses defined using three psychodiagnostic methods tested on a set of people with psychosomatic disorder and compared with the healthy population. Key words: attribution attribution theory attributional style psychosomatic disorder/psychosomatic illness somatoform disorders
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Aggressive attitude and behaviour towards ancienty
Vyšínová Matičková, Alena ; Slaměník, Ivan (advisor) ; Štikar, Jiří (referee)
Seniors represent a significant social group which, due to its disadvantageous position in the society, is often subjected to aggressive behaviour. Aggression targeted at the elderly is characterised by specific features and it can be also viewed in the context of "ageist" attitudes towards older people. The highest risk group in terms of aggressive behaviour towards seniors seems to be those closest to them - family members, caregivers providing care at home, within the field of social services or institutional care. The practical part of this thesis explores specific attitudes of these individuals towards elderly people. The aim of the empirical study is to compare the attitudes of caregivers with a group of people without experience in providing personal or professional care for seniors.
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Identification of emotional expression from photographs and by short video recording
Jiřištová, Kamila ; Slaměník, Ivan (advisor) ; Boukalová, Hedvika (referee)
and keywords This thesis is focused on identification of emotional expression in the human face. The theoretical part deals with the introduction to the emotions, expression of basic emotions characteristics and emotion recognition. The empirical part is concerned with the research of emotion identification from photographs and short movie swatches. The aim of this thesis is to evidence the importance of knowing the context of the situation while recognising the emotions. In the research I focused the attention on the six basic emotions (fear, anger, sadness, surprise, joy and disgust/contempt). The research confirmed my assumptions only partially: the knowledge of the context of the situation facilitates identification of some emotions, but some make the identification significantly more difficult (some emotional expressions in the context of the situation were not recognized at all). Keywords: emotions, basic emotions, identification of emotions, emotional expression in the face, context
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Research of Individual Behaviour of Pupils Sociability by Means of Analysis their Social Relationships
Novotná, Marie ; Slaměník, Ivan (advisor) ; Čáp, David (referee)
The submitted thesis is concerned with the research of individual distinctions of sociability of pupils through analysis of their social relations. The theoretical part deals with findings on general range of the concept of sociability, defines interindividual relations as a theoretical and empirical resource of the sociability research, characterizes the developmental period of early adolescence. The further part of the thesis briefly describes sociability of pupils from the view of basic psychical components. It is connected to socialization and social relations at school. The empirical part represents quantitative research, where first of all "corelation" (relationship) between individual distinctions of sociability of pupils and extraversion was found out. Futher, it describes to what extent the ability of sociability varies in relation to gender, how social characteristics between genders are different.
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The accuracy of interindividual perception of the mind content
Hájková, Martina ; Bahbouh, Radvan (advisor) ; Slaměník, Ivan (referee)
Purpose: This thesis deals with some questions from the field of empathic accuracy, i.e. ability to correctly and accurately infer mental states of others. We were especially interested in question whether people are able to reflect their own empathic accuracy and their own meta-accuracy, i.e. recognize how other people view them. We were also interested in the role of motivation for empathic accuracy. Methods: Experiment based on the method of interactions. After the interaction phase were the participants asked to fill in forms concerning their own experience and experience of their partner and try to estimate, how the partner viewed them. They also estimated the accuracy of their answers. Results: Experiment has shown that participants have quite accurate idea about what has their partner experienced and how they were perceived although the degree of right guesses was various. However the reflection of their empathic skill was minimal. Participants mostly could not estimate, whether their guesses were accurate or not. Self-evaluation of participants, who were less successful in recognition of others experiences, was less accurate than the self-evaluation of the more successful ones.
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