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The employment of wastes from food production
Hurčíková, Andrea ; Babák, Libor (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
The waste from agricultural and food industry are accessible in large quantity anywhere in the whole world nowadays. Most of these wastes include cellulose (30 - 40 %), hemicellulose (20 - 40 %) and lignine (10 - 20 %). Therefore these waste materials have wide use as the substrates for the microbial growth and the production of the enzymes. The microorganisms are able to use organic compounds from the wastes as the source of energy for the growth and carbon for synthesis of cellular biomass [24]. Wheat and rice straw are possible to use as the substrates for cultivation of the microorganisms and following production of the enzymes. In this thesis the utilization of the wastes from food industry for the production of the enzymes by the microorganisms was studied. We observed utilization of wheat straw as source of energy for growth of tested microorganisms and investigated their ability for the production of oxidoreductase (laccase). The optimalization of growth conditions of Aureobasidium pullulans was proceeded. Further the activity of laccase was studied. Milled wheat straw was used as the substrate. The cultivation was done in the thermoregulator at the temperature of 27°C. The activity of laccase was not found in this thesis. Petri dishes were contaminated by three unknown microoganisms during optimalization of growth of Aureobasidium pullulans. One of them produced laccase in cultivation with straw.
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Microbiology of wine
Valicová, Markéta ; Navrátilová, Jana (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
The aim of this work was the investigation of the amount and the composition of microflora during the winemaking of red wine. The study was performed in 3 factories in Velké Pavlovice region, where each of them utilized its own technological approach. According to this, during the period of preliminary fermentation, 3 different technological procedures were used, which differed in application of commercial yeasts and enzymes, and sulphur dioxide. They differed also in the temperature during the period of alcoholic fermentation and the application of commercial bacteria during the period of malolactic fermentation. From the experimental results follows that the application of different technological approaches leads to the differences in the number of both yeast and bacteria viable cells and the total number of microorganism cells in the period of preliminary, alcoholic and malolactic fermentation.
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Pectin - its properties and industrial applications
Odstrčilová, Eva ; Vránová, Dana (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
This thesis deals with pectins substances in food processing and pharmaceutical industry. Pectin is very using component in food processing products, mainly due to jelly and thickening ability. The thesis is dedicated plant cell wall, where is located pectin including other material component of plant cell wall. Further it is described structure of pectin, including his production and use in industry. The last part of the thesis is dedicated enzymatic degradation of plants origin materials. Pectin is very using, but its structure and biosynthesis is still not fully explored.
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Study of preparations for fat separators
Gojkovic, Živan ; Ing.Dana Flodrová, Ph.D. (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
Diploma thesis was concentrated at testing of a single commercial product designed as a lipid residue removal agent, applicable in grease trap vessel. Concept was, that product is to be tested for possible content of viable microbial culture with ability to utilize various kinds of vegetable oils and animal fats, by producing functional lipase. Four types of vegetable oils were used, and two fats of animal origin: olive oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, lard and beef fat. Determined fat characteristics were: point of the saponification, the acid value, the ester value and the peroxide value. Submerged cultivation was performed on specially composed medium in which the oil or fat of choice, was mixed later. Lipolytic activity and biomass growth measurement was performed using spectrophotometry, lipid degradation ability was measured using titrimetry. Based on results it can be stated that tested microorganisms, originated from product, and its lipase has ability to successfully utilize all of used fats and oils and thus, theoretically, remove its content from grease trap.
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Industrial production of ethanol
Flajs, Roman ; Zichová, Miroslava (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with ethanol production for food and car industry. The aim of this work is to give a summary of different kinds of raw material especially lignocelluloses and microorganisms used for its processing and fermentation. The thesis focuses especially on technological process of ethanol production and the utilization of different materials for fuel production.
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Milk and dairy products and their importance in nutrition
Šubertová, Hana ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is engaged in the analysis of the composition of the milk, its creation, origin and source and furthermore it is engaged in the evaluation of the beneficial and harmful properties of milk. Another aspect of this thesis is reasoning about why we should consume milk and whether it is even beneficial to health. In the following part of this work, the literature review is created about about how milk and different products affect human nutrition and the thesis is studying the problematics of milk consumption. The next part of my thesis describes the course of "milk route", which explains what is happening to milk as a raw material, then the technology of production and processing of milk, milk products and semi-finished products and also contains the comparison of my measured data with the standardized data, or the data on the packaging.
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Methods of assesment and treatment of coeliac disease
Valkus, Martin ; Omelková, Jiřina (referee) ; Vránová, Dana (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with methods of determining and treatment of coeliac disease. In the theoretical part of the work sums up informations about coeliac disease - history, prevalence, etiopathogenesis, immunopathogenesis, possibilities of diagnosis, discusses about gluten-free diet, mentions legislation of the Czech Republic and the European Union and compares expensiveness of gluten-free diet and normal diet. The experimental part of this thesis compares PCR, ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence methods for assesment of determination of genetic predisposition and antibodies in coeliac disease (greatest emphasis was placed on the comparison of antibodies against gliadin and deamidated gliadin antibodies in IgA and IgG).
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The chitosan-glucan complex isolated from Schizophyllum commune
Krčmář, Martin ; Obruča, Stanislav (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
Chitosan-glucan complex is fungal origin copolymer that finds application in medicine and cosmetics. Traditionally mycelium of Aspergillus and Penicillium is considered as industrial chitosan-glucan complex source, though utilization of Micromycetes in biotechnological productions is sometimes undesirable. The aim of the work was to study the possibility of Basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune submerged cultivation for industrial scale chitosan-glucan complex production use. Within the work there was studied effect of cultivation conditions (type and concentration of carbon sources in nutrient medium, ratio of carbon source to nitrogen source, medium initial pH and aeration intensity) on Sch. commune #127 mycelium growth, chitosan-glucan complex formation and exopolysaccharide synthesis. As the result, the method for chitosan-glucan complex production increase and exopolysaccharide synthesis suppression was suggested. Chitosan-glucan complex from Sch. commune #127 submerged mycelium was separated by successive alkali and acid treatments. Effects of alkali concentration and application technique, and type of acid on physical and chemical properties of chitosan-glucan complex were described. Analytical methods for in process control and final product characteristics were suggested.
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The effect of pesticides on the grapevine microflora
Damborský, Pavel ; Pořízka, Jaromír (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
The bachelor thesis of theoretical character contains information about an effect of pesticides on grapevine microflora. At the beginning there is a description of general pesticides characteristic, their classification, toxicity and a brief overview. Further it describes illnesses and pests that often attack grapevine. The next chapter deals with grapevine microflora. It defines morphology, taxonomy and reproduction of microorganisms most often occur on grapevine and during technological processing of wine. The last chapter is focused on effect of pesticides on microorganisms during alcoholic and malolactic fermentation.
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The study of production of hydrolytic enzymes for cellulose wastes treatment
Řezáčová, Barbora ; Flodrová, Dana (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
The study of production of hydrolytic enzymes dealt with the production of cellulase and polygalacturonase by two microbial strains - Aspergillus niger and Aureobasidium pullulans. The enzymes were produced in solid-state fermentation system. The wheat straw and sugar beet pulp were used as a substrate. The substrates were moistened by water, mineral solution or by medium with glucose. The effect of mineral solution and glucose on production of these enzymes were monitored during cultivation. The highest production of polygalacturonase was achieved by Aspergillus niger during cultivation on sugar beet pulp moistened by mineral solution. The highest production of cellulase was achieved by Aspergillus niger during cultivation on wheat straw moistened by medium with glucose.
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