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Vliv pesticidů na mikroflóru vinné révy
Damborský, Pavel ; Pořízka, Jaromír (oponent) ; Omelková, Jiřina (vedoucí práce)
Tato bakalářská práce teoretického charakteru shrnuje informace o vlivu pesticidů na mikroflóru vinné révy. V úvodu je popsána obecná charakteristika pesticidů, jejich klasifikace, toxicita a stručný přehled. Dále popisuje choroby a škůdce, kteří nejčastěji ohrožují vinnou révu. Následující kapitola se zabývá mikroflórou vinné révy. Definuje morfologii, taxonomii a rozmnožování mikroorganismů, kteří se nejčastěji vyskytují na vinné révě a při technologickém zpracování vína. Poslední kapitola se zaměřuje na působení pesticidů na mikroorganismy během alkoholového i jablečno-mléčného kvašení.
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Microbial Degradation of Polycaprolactone-based Materials
Damborský, Pavel ; Stratilová, Eva (oponent) ; Hermanová, Soňa (vedoucí práce)
The thesis deals with the issue of the effect of nutritious factors and aeration on Bacillus subtilis (CCM 1999) lipase production, which was studied from the viewpoint of the crucial action of lipases on polyester chains degradation. The parameters such as bacterial growth, lipolytic activity, pH optimum, temperature optimum, thermal stability, proteolytic activity, the amount of proteins, etc. were determined in three types of media inoculated by Bacillus subtilis. One sample set of media: peptone and yeast extract (NB), medium consisted in peptone and yeast extract with the addition of 2% (w/v) glucose (NBG) and mineral solution with yeast extract (MS-YE) contained poly(-caprolactone), PCL film (Mn = 10 kDa, = 1.4). Experiments were performed for 21 days under shaking at 160 and 200 rpm. The presence of PCL caused in both types of media (NB, NBG) higher values of lipolytic activity of Bacillus subtilis indicating the participation of released low-molecular weight species as the products of PCL biodegradation. In BS-inoculated MS-YE medium low lipolytic activity of Bacillus subtilis as compared with those measured in NB and NBG media was determined even in the presence of PCL. During experiment pH value shifted from neutral (pH 7.0) to alkaline (pH 8.5 – 9.3) region for all types of media with and without PCL specimens. This fact indicates negligible pH changes in microenvironment due to the degradation products and/or metabolites. Lipolytic enzymes determined in supernatants free of bacterial cells have shown two pH optima in the presence of PCL, at pH 7 and 9. Lipase in the absence of polymer displayed optimum pH of 7. Measurement of thermal stability demonstrated that extracellular lipases as relative thermostable enzyme especially in the absence of polymer. The basic proteomic analysis by peptide mass fingerprint (PMF) of lipases produced by Bacillus subtilis at NBG medium after one week of cultivation was performed. The presence of proteins with molecular weight (19.3 kDa) close to that reported for lipases was verified through FPLC. Both SDS-PAGE and IEF-PAGE indicated presence of these proteins in both studied media (NBG vs. NBG/PCL). However, no differences have been found in the presence of PCL and no lipase was truly identified through MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The occurrence of degradation process in PCL samples was also documented by their gradual weight loss, which was seen in all media types as the synergic effect of lipase- and base-catalyzed ester bond scission. Model degradation study of PCL and its composite with graphene oxide (2.7 wt% GO) was performed in the presence of Bacillus subtilis in NBG medium at 30 °C and initial pH 7 for three weeks. The weight loss of PCL films gradually increased during whole degradation test up to 12 wt%. Degradation of PCL/GO composite proceeds slower as documented by maximum weight loss of 5.0 wt%. The similar character of elution curves of both PCL and its composite, determined by SEC analysis, indicated shifting to lower molecular region.
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Microbial Degradation of Polycaprolactone-based Materials
Damborský, Pavel ; Stratilová, Eva (oponent) ; Hermanová, Soňa (vedoucí práce)
The thesis deals with the issue of the effect of nutritious factors and aeration on Bacillus subtilis (CCM 1999) lipase production, which was studied from the viewpoint of the crucial action of lipases on polyester chains degradation. The parameters such as bacterial growth, lipolytic activity, pH optimum, temperature optimum, thermal stability, proteolytic activity, the amount of proteins, etc. were determined in three types of media inoculated by Bacillus subtilis. One sample set of media: peptone and yeast extract (NB), medium consisted in peptone and yeast extract with the addition of 2% (w/v) glucose (NBG) and mineral solution with yeast extract (MS-YE) contained poly(-caprolactone), PCL film (Mn = 10 kDa, = 1.4). Experiments were performed for 21 days under shaking at 160 and 200 rpm. The presence of PCL caused in both types of media (NB, NBG) higher values of lipolytic activity of Bacillus subtilis indicating the participation of released low-molecular weight species as the products of PCL biodegradation. In BS-inoculated MS-YE medium low lipolytic activity of Bacillus subtilis as compared with those measured in NB and NBG media was determined even in the presence of PCL. During experiment pH value shifted from neutral (pH 7.0) to alkaline (pH 8.5 – 9.3) region for all types of media with and without PCL specimens. This fact indicates negligible pH changes in microenvironment due to the degradation products and/or metabolites. Lipolytic enzymes determined in supernatants free of bacterial cells have shown two pH optima in the presence of PCL, at pH 7 and 9. Lipase in the absence of polymer displayed optimum pH of 7. Measurement of thermal stability demonstrated that extracellular lipases as relative thermostable enzyme especially in the absence of polymer. The basic proteomic analysis by peptide mass fingerprint (PMF) of lipases produced by Bacillus subtilis at NBG medium after one week of cultivation was performed. The presence of proteins with molecular weight (19.3 kDa) close to that reported for lipases was verified through FPLC. Both SDS-PAGE and IEF-PAGE indicated presence of these proteins in both studied media (NBG vs. NBG/PCL). However, no differences have been found in the presence of PCL and no lipase was truly identified through MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The occurrence of degradation process in PCL samples was also documented by their gradual weight loss, which was seen in all media types as the synergic effect of lipase- and base-catalyzed ester bond scission. Model degradation study of PCL and its composite with graphene oxide (2.7 wt% GO) was performed in the presence of Bacillus subtilis in NBG medium at 30 °C and initial pH 7 for three weeks. The weight loss of PCL films gradually increased during whole degradation test up to 12 wt%. Degradation of PCL/GO composite proceeds slower as documented by maximum weight loss of 5.0 wt%. The similar character of elution curves of both PCL and its composite, determined by SEC analysis, indicated shifting to lower molecular region.
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Vliv pesticidů na mikroflóru vinné révy
Damborský, Pavel ; Pořízka, Jaromír (oponent) ; Omelková, Jiřina (vedoucí práce)
Tato bakalářská práce teoretického charakteru shrnuje informace o vlivu pesticidů na mikroflóru vinné révy. V úvodu je popsána obecná charakteristika pesticidů, jejich klasifikace, toxicita a stručný přehled. Dále popisuje choroby a škůdce, kteří nejčastěji ohrožují vinnou révu. Následující kapitola se zabývá mikroflórou vinné révy. Definuje morfologii, taxonomii a rozmnožování mikroorganismů, kteří se nejčastěji vyskytují na vinné révě a při technologickém zpracování vína. Poslední kapitola se zaměřuje na působení pesticidů na mikroorganismy během alkoholového i jablečno-mléčného kvašení.
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