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Sexual abuse of handicap people
Novotná, Jarmila ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Schlegelová, Jaroslava (referee) ; Šturzová, Jana (referee)
It should be noted that the differences that would characterize an individual's sexuality with disabilities, we know almost nothing or very little more. We do not know how many disabled living in the Czech Republic. These data are monitored and they were not in earlier times, ie certainly not since the First Republic of Czechoslovakia. We do not know so many of our citizens are discriminated against by the inadequacy of their sexuality, parenthood and partnership, and it estimates are really just talking about the abuse and mistreatment of disabled citizens in the Czech families and institutions. It is assumed that the portion of disability seated in a wheelchair because of spinal cord lesions trauma, congenital or acquired diseases in the Czech Republic is about 10,000 people. Annually, an accident, there is increasing around 400 more per year. This number is still increasing rapidly mainly due to accidents on the roads. Philosophy has a bias to detect and since its foundation linked to the Greek life responsibility. Therefore, philosophy of education can not ignore the fact of teaching such as problem "Clarity", "guilt and punishment", "custom and habit", "Reproduction and the merger, up to date? "School situation " ….. My work is inspired by the educational efforts being "small", it's education...
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Inductive reasoning of 10-12 year old children in mathematical environment
Herman, Jan ; Novotná, Jarmila (advisor) ; Hošpesová, Alena (referee) ; Rendl, Miroslav (referee)
Inductive reasoning of 10-12 year old children in mathematical environment Formation of inductive inference is a complex process influenced by a number of diverse phenomena, whose study is at present moving to the spotlight of the community of psychologists. So far, conclusions of researches in this domain have been used in mathematical environment only very rarely, this despite the fact that inductive reasoning is crucial in many operations which are perceived as essential in development of mathematical reasoning. In my thesis I summarized conclusions of the relevant research, mostly in the domain of psychology, and put them in context of other research in this field. I dissected phenomena described by other authors, then applied their consequences in mathematical environment and finally designed and carried out two experiments. The aim of the first was to explore the genesis of inductive inference in natural environment, with the focus on the conditions of its genesis. The aim of the other experiment was exploration of genesis of inductive inference in a stimulating environment, with the focus on the quantity of experience prerequisite for formation of inductive inference and on the relation between the quantity of the experience and confidence in the consequent inference. The conclusions of the...
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Mathematics Problem Solving of Gifted Students
Straková, Jana ; Novotná, Jarmila (referee) ; Vondrová, Naďa (advisor)
The thesis focuses on the ways of thinking and acting of students from the Czech and the Slovak Republic, while solving application problems. On the one hand the thesis offers the identification and categorisation of solving strategies of mathematical problems by gifted students. On the other hand, there is an attempt for the insight into students' thinking processes by means of an in-depth analysis of their written work. I focus on the utilisation of students' mathematical knowledge when solving real-life problems, on the extent to which they apply automatic mathematical methods, on students' reactions to mistakes and unsuccessful solving strategies, their grasping of tasks and their discourse. The data is collected by means of students' written solutions to two mathematical problems, a questionnaire, semi-structured interviews with teachers and observations of their lessons. The data has been analysed through grounded theory and the results are compared with particular results of international comparative researches (PISA and TIMSS).
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Verbal Tasks against the Stream of Time in the 2nd Grade of Primary
Navrátilová, Marta ; Vondrová, Naďa (referee) ; Novotná, Jarmila (advisor)
This thesis considers the issue of verbal tasks "against the stream of time" in the 2nd grade of Primary school and consists of 3 parts. In the first part, on the basis of studied literature, there are generally defined basic terms regarding the verbal task, their solution processes and typology. The main content of the second part is a typology of verbal tasks against the stream of time and definition of the most important terms, which address the tasks. The third part is devoted to an introduction and detailed analysis of task's type, which is the most common in the 2nd grade of Primary school (linear tasks against the stream of time with one initial state). All the results are based on experiments and experiences obtained during teaching practise. Part of the thesis is also a collection of tasks against the stream of time for the teachers to draw inspiration. In the last chapter there are some possibilities of further research in an area of tasks against the stream of time.
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Comparison of ontogenetic and phylogenetic development of understanding of phenomenon infinity in the geometrical context
Krátká, Magdalena ; Vopěnka, Petr (advisor) ; Novotná, Jarmila (referee) ; Potůček, Jiří (referee)
Nekonečno, ať to matematické, filozofické nebo teologické, fascinovalo a fascinuje lidstvo od počátků utváření vědeckého myšlení dodnes. Mnoho matematiků se nechalo omámit slastným pocitem toho, kdo rozřešil záhadu, když filozofovali nad problémy založenými na nekonečnu. Stejný pocit mohou zažít dnešní studenti, když znovu objevují překvapivé vlastnosti nekonečného. Podobné pocity jsem měla při studiu matematické analýzy, teorie množin nebo Zénónových aporií i já. Asi právě proto jsem se rozhodla zabývat se ve své disertační práci nekonečnem. Protože mám i zálibu v historii matematiky a měla jsem to štěstí pracovat pod vedením profesora Petra Vopěnky, bylo nasnadě zaměřit práci právě na srovnání ontogenetického a fylogenetického vývoje porozumění nekonečnu. Práce je rozdělena do 5 kapitol. V elektronické verzi je navíc doplněna o rejstřík pojmů. V první kapitole představuji argumenty pro i proti srovnávání fylogenetického a ontogenetického kognitivního vývoje. Druhá kapitola je exkurzem do historie matematiky se zaměřením na nekonečno, speciálně na výklady bodu, přímky a kontinua a jevů s tím souvisejících. Obsahuje postřehy o pojetí nekonečna od dob antické matematiky až po Cantorovu teorii množin. Tato kapitola mi jednak umožňuje vytypovat hlavní zdroje epistemologických překážek a dále konstruovat...
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Development of students' competence in project teaching of mathematics
Olšáková, Věra ; Novotná, Jarmila (referee)
Význam slova projekt je odvozen z latinského slova proicio {hodit, vrhnout vpřed, napřáhnout). V pedagogické literatuře nenajdeme jednoznačné vymezení pojmu projekt. Ve většině případů se hovoří rovnou o projektové výuce a projektovém vyučování. Projekt se tedy vyznačuje koncentrací na žáky a svou sociální výchovně-vzdělávací hodnotou - v průběhu řešení se silně uplatňuje i sociální učení. Řešení projektu tedy přispívá nejen ke vzdělávání žáků po obsahové stránce, ale také k utváření jejich sociálních, komunikačních a dalších dovedností. Svým přiblížením životu velice podporuje vnitřní motivací žáků.
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Projects in mathematics education in secondary vocational schools
Holemářová, Milada ; Vondrová, Naďa (advisor) ; Novotná, Jarmila (referee)
TITLE: Projects in mathematics education in secondary vocational schools ABSTRACT: The diploma work is divided into three parts. The first part describes the history and development of the project method and its characteristic features. Further, there is mentioned the content of the Framework Educational Programme for secondary vocational education with regard to tourism and economics. The main part of the work contains description of preparation, process and results of a mathematical project. This project was designed for a concrete school and class to introduce inequalities. On the basis of the results of the realized project, the third part of the work shows possible use of projects in mathematics in the particular types of secondary schools. Finally, there is a concept of two projects that could be used in mathematics lessons in these schools. KEY WORDS: Project, mathematics, secondary vocational school
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Influence of Language and Culture on the Solving of Mathematics Assignments. Mathematics and German.
Jansová, Klára ; Novotná, Jarmila (advisor) ; Kloboučková, Jaroslava (referee)
Diplomová práce se zabývá výukou matematiky v němčině, konkrétně vlivem jazyka a reálií na řešení matematických úloh. Práce je rozdělena do dvou částí - teoretické a praktické. V první části jsou shrnuty teoretické předpoklady a východiska z oblasti psychického vývoje myšlení, výuky cizího jazyka, výuky v cizím jazyce a srovnání českého a německého jazyka. Druhá část popisuje výzkum, který se zaměřuje na prokázání nebo popření vlivu jazyka a reálií na úspěšnost řešení žáků dvou českých a jedné německé školy. Základem pro analýzu výzkumu je porovnání řešení úloh zadaných v mateřském a cizím jazyce.
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