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Phonetic Features of Cuban Spanish
Gonzálezová, Julie ; Černikovská, Štěpánka (advisor) ; Čermák, Petr (referee)
GONZÁLEZOVÁ, Julie: Phonetic Features of Cuban Spanish. [Bachelor thesis]. - Charles University. Faculty of Arts; Department of Romance studies. Hispanic studies. - Supervisor: Mgr. Štěpánka Černikovská, Ph.D. Prague: FF UK, 2017. pp. 44. This thesis examines selected phonetic phenomena of the Spanish spoken in Cuba, providing a theoretical overview of them in current literature and, consequently, giving some evidence of their presence in Cuba with factors that are likely to affect them, based on recordings of native Cuban speakers. The paper is divided into two parts: in the theoretical part, important phonetic changes relevant to consonants and vowels are described, including how, where and under what circumstances they occur. In the experimental part, the paper deals with five particular phenomena (seseo, aspiration and elision of /s/, aspiration of /x/, yeísmo, lambdacism), that have a great impact on the realization of Spanish consonants, in light of three variables (type of discourse, geographical classification, education). This part with the results of the research shows that the selected features are vivid components of Cuban Spanish, with all possible phonetic and non-phonetic factors, that might be of importance in their implementation, being presented as well. The work also includes...
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Lexical particularity in Mexican Spanish, especially in colloquial language
Belicová, Lenka ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Kratochvílová, Dana (referee)
In this thesis, we identify the fundamental terms required for the analysis of American variants of Spanish. We briefly present the geographical and social-historical context of Mexican Spanish, and address the heterogeneity of approaches used in related studies. We characterize the nature of the influence of indigenous languages on Mexican lexis, and give an overview of theoretical knowledge on the Spanish colloquial language. The key chapter is dedicated to the lexical particularities of Mexican Spanish, focusing on the colloquial language. We describe our specific findings in eleven sub-chapters structured according to two different criteria. We base our analysis of particular Mexican Spanish expressions mainly on the evaluation and mutual comparison of relevant lexicon entries provided by a set of selected lexicographical sources. Keywords: Mexican Spanish, lexis, variance, colloquial language, language contact
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Proverbs in contemporary Spanish and their equivalents in Czech language
Filová, Ivana ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Kratochvílová, Dana (referee)
This thesis focuses on problems of Spanish proverbs and their equivalents in Czech language. The theoretical part is devoted to comparison between Czech and Spanish linguistic theory, phraseology and paremiology, definition of the proverb and description of its properties. The aim of the practical part is to investigate the frequency of use of Spanish proverbs, their semantic and syntactic analysis, as well as their relation to other variants or synonymous expressions, as well as their comparison with Czech proverbs. The practical part is based on the book of Czech author Zdeněk Jirotka Saturnin, translated into Spanish. Key words: phraseology, paremiology, phrasemes, proverbs
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Studies of Relaxor Ferroelectrics with Spontaneous Polar Nanoregions
Ondrejkovič, Petr ; Hlinka, Jiří (advisor) ; Bell, Andrew (referee) ; Čermák, Petr (referee)
Title: Studies of Relaxor Ferroelectrics with Spontaneous Polar Nanoregions Author: Petr Ondrejkovič Institute: Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Supervisor: Ing. Jiří Hlinka, Ph.D., Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Abstract: The thesis is devoted to relaxor ferroelectrics with spontaneous polar nanoregions. We have investigated one of the canonical representatives, uniaxial strontium barium niobate, by means of neutron scattering, and also performed computer simulations with a model of a uniaxial ferroelectric with point defects. Neutron scattering studies of strontium barium niobate single crystals under a defined sequence of thermal and electric field treatments elucidate nature of distinct components of its transverse diffuse scattering. These components are associated mainly with the static ferroelectric nanodomain structure and the dynamic order-parameter (polarization) fluctuations. Moreover, high-resolution neutron backscattering experiments allowed us to resolve characteristic frequencies of the order-parameter fluctuations and prove that this component is caused by the same polar fluctuations that are responsible for the Vogel-Fulcher dielectric relaxation, the hallmark of relaxor ferroelectrics. The model system of a uniaxial ferroelectric with point...
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Temporal infinitives in Spanish
Urbancová, Linda ; Černikovská, Štěpánka (advisor) ; Čermák, Petr (referee)
The purpose of the following work is to map the most frequent infinitive forms of temporal phrases in Spanish and their Czech counterparts. The thesis is divided into the theoretical and the practical part. The aim of the theoretical part is defining substance of the term temporal infinitive in connection with three concrete prepositions tras, hasta, al and their unstaible structure, including a theoretical account of Czech affixes and infinitival phrases with preposition. The second part is focussed on the most frequent temporal infinitives and their translation into Czech language, using the online Spanish corpus CREA and a parallel Spanish- Czech sub-corpus (limited to fiction only), created specifically for this analysis in the InterCorp. Key words: infinitive, subordinate clauses, temporal infinitive, corpus analysis
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Sequence of Tenses in Spanish
Smažíková, Adéla ; Kratochvílová, Dana (advisor) ; Čermák, Petr (referee)
in English Sequence of Tenses in Spanish Key words: sequence of tenses, past tense, relative tenses, simultaneity, posteriority, anteriority The aim of this thesis is to outline sequence of tenses in Spanish language. It is divided into two parts - theoretical and analytical. The first part focuses on the theoretical view of sequence of tenses, its key terms, relative anteriority, simultaneity and posteriority. It also briefly touches on similarities in the Czech language. Then, it focuses on the theoretical tendencies with an impact on the basic rules of sequence of tenses. The second part is dedicated to the practical corpus analysis based on Royal Spanish Academy's corpuses CREA and CORPES XXI. The objective of this analysis is to explore further the frequency of (non)observance of sequence of tenses in combination with the particular verb forms as well as analyse possible reasons of this nonobservance within a specific language material.
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Use of Definite Article with Toponyms in Spanish
Golombová, Barbora ; Kratochvílová, Dana (advisor) ; Čermák, Petr (referee)
The aim of this work is to clarify the use of definite article with toponyms. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical one and practical one. In the theoretical part, we deal with the general overview of definite article, proper name and their relation. The subject of the research of the practical part are selected toponyms, with which the use of definite article varies according to the norm. There are four chosen toponyms from Hispanic America: (la) Argentina, (el) Perú, (el) Paraguay, (el) Ecuador, and one from non-Hispanic world: (el) Japón. We analise the tendecies of the usage of definite article in front of the chosen toponyms by means of monolingual corpora CREA and CORPES XXI. Key words: article, proper noun, toponym, hydronym, corpus
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Spanish Exclamative Clauses Expressing Will (with Reference to Czech and Slovak)
Výrosteková, Dominika ; Kratochvílová, Dana (advisor) ; Čermák, Petr (referee)
The purpose of this thesis is to investigate simple Spanish clauses expressing implied will. They represent the way of how we can express our wish or desire without referring us to any addressee. This work consists of two parts, theoretical and modal. The first part is dedicated to the enlightenment of the term of verbal mode. This is considered to be important because these types of clauses are associated with a specific verbal mode, known as subjunctive. We will describe the use of subjunctive in simple clauses in more detail, but without neglecting its alternation with the indicative mode and the issue of an imperative mode, which consists in different approach to the meaning of the verbal mode in Spanish linguistic tradition. The second section of the chapter will then be dedicated to the modality, where we clarify the term and apply it on Spanish language. We will define specific expressions and paradigms that will be dealt with in the practical section. It will consist of a few corpuses analyzes in four different linguistic corpuses, namely InterCorp, Araneum Hispanicum Maius, CORPES XXI and CREA. KEY WORDS subjunctive, modality, wish clauses, Spanish, hable, hablara, deontic modality
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