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Portrayal of immigrants and refugees in the news media: A comparative analysis of the 2015 refugee crisis, the Covid-19 pandemic, and the Russian aggression against Ukraine
Kovář, Jan ; Nečas, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Křeček, Jan (referee)
This master's thesis focuses on a comparative study of the political framing of immigrants and refugees in Czech media during three key periods: the migration crisis of 2015-2016, the Covid- 19 pandemic, and the period following the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The thesis has two main objectives: to examine which frames prevailed in the portrayal of immigrants and refugees during each period and, secondly, to attempt to explain the variation in frames used by individual politicians in their media appearances related to framing of immigrants and refugees. To achieve these goals, the thesis employs quantitative content analysis and regression analysis. Content analysis of the framing of immigrants and refugees is conducted based on the data from the main evening newscasts of the most-watched Czech television channels. Key frames identified during the three periods include administrative, economic, security, cultural, and humanitarian frames. The results suggest that politicians adapt their framing of immigrants and refugees based on the socio-political context and the structure and characteristics of incoming immigrants and refugees. The analysis reveals significant changes in framing across the three observed periods. The results also indicate that the use of specific frames by politicians is...
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Framing of Ukrainian Refugees in Czech TV News
Čiklová, Petra ; Křeček, Jan (advisor) ; Nečas, Vlastimil (referee)
This master's thesis focuses on framing of Ukrainian refugees in Czech TV news in connection with the refugee crisis caused by the war in Ukraine in 2022. The research was conducted on Události on Česká televize and Televizní noviny on televize Nova from the beginning of the war in Ukraine on February 24, 2022 to April 24, 2022 as well as from December 27, 2022 to February 24, 2023 as the one year from the start of the war. Quantitative content analysis was used as the research method allowing appropriate processing and analysis of a larger amount of texts. The aim of this thesis is to map the media coverage of refugees from Ukraine in the researched TV news programs through analysis.
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Themes resonating with the 2023 Czech presidential elections: Content analysis of interviews and debates with candidates Petr Pavel, Andrej Babiš and Danuše Nerudová
Hillová, Sarah ; Rosenfeldová, Jana (advisor) ; Nečas, Vlastimil (referee)
The diploma thesis titled "Themes resonating in the Czech presidential elections 2023: Content analysis of interviews and debates with candidates Petr Pavel, Andrej Babiš and Danuše Nerudová" examines the form of pre-election presidential debates and interviews in 2023. The theoretical part of the thesis discusses the changes brought about by digital media, and at the same time confirms the strong position that debates still have in the media world. Although various elements and segments have been incorporated into the debates with the intention of reaching a wider audience, the tradition of the debates still remains. The practical part of the thesis consists of a content analysis of the speeches of the selected candidates. Sources come from both traditional and digital media. The thesis sets the main agenda of pre- election debates and interviews, which consists of seven topics. Quantitative analysis showed that despite Petr Pavel's greater media space, Andrej Babiš was able to surpass him in the length of his speech.
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Pre-election TV debates on the example of the 2023 presidential election
Preissová, Viktorie ; Nečas, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Jirák, Jan (referee)
This master thesis deals with the pre-election TV debates before the second round of the presidential elections in 2023 in the Czech Republic, when Petr Pavel and Andrej Babiš stood against each other. The thesis draws on political communication theory, normative media theory, agenda-setting theory and previous analyses of the TV debates. Using quantitative content analysis, the three selected pre-election duels are examined in terms of the moderator's agenda setting, the types of moderator's questions and speeches, the candidates' agenda setting, the candidates' running away from the topic, and the type and tonality of the candidates' messages. The results of the analysis show that each moderator gave different importance to each topic. However, the moderators most frequently focused on the presidency itself, the conduct of the election, the communist past of both candidates, security issues, and the current government. In most cases, their speeches were neutral and did not take the form of a question. The debate on Czech Television, moderated by Martin Řezníček, had the most even distribution of replicas on each topic. Nova and Prima TV had a less even distribution of topics, and two topics dominated both of them. On both Nova and Prima, the most frequently communicated instructions were those...
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Echo of the Kremlin on TikTok: Analyses of Pro-Russian Narratives in the Czech digital space
Mecková, Silvie ; Vochocová, Lenka (advisor) ; Nečas, Vlastimil (referee)
The thesis focuses on pro-Russian narratives on the social network TikTok in the context of the Czech Republic. The aim is to find out what narratives are spread by pro-Russian profiles on TikTok that are Czech-speaking. The thesis also aims to determine by what means the narratives are transmitted. At a time when social media is playing an increasingly important role in geopolitical strategies and information warfare, TikTok represents not only a means for sharing entertaining content but also a platform for spreading manipulative information and supporting Russian interests. An analysis of the narratives of pro-Russian profiles on TikTok reveals that these posts often fuel polarisation, undermine trust in democratic institutions and undermine the unity of Western societies. The paper thus contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms of information warfare in the digital age and highlights the need for effective measures to defend against disinformation campaigns.
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Media entertainment and politainment. Case study: Presidential elections in the Czech Republic
Sova, Matouš ; Křeček, Jan (advisor) ; Nečas, Vlastimil (referee)
The present thesis "Media entertainment and politainment. Case study: Presidential elections in the Czech Republic" analyses political communication in the presidential election campaign in the Czech Republic. Political institutions are increasingly dependent on mass and new media. The notion of politainment is now an integral part of political news. The main aim of this paper is to introduce this concept in the context of the contemporary nature of political communication. The elements of politainment are analysed in the campaigns of the two most successful candidates applying for Head of state of the Czech Republic, Andrej Babiš and Petr Pavel. My primary focus is on the television appearances of both candidates in televised debates on Czech Television, FTV Prima and TV NOVA, which were the highlight of the entire presidential campaign. I was interested in the content of both candidates' messages and the overall character of the debates. In this thesis I am going to answer the following selected questions: What is the role of political communication in politics? How has its form changed since the 1990s? What do we mean by the term "politainment"? What are positive and negative aspects of politainment? What were the issues raised during the presidential campaigns? Can we consider the historic first direct...
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Journalistic autonomy as a part of the professional identity of journalists
Kloučková, Andrea ; Nečas, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Groman, Martin (referee)
The master's thesis deals with journalistic autonomy as one of the principles of free press and as a key component of the professional identity of journalists. On an ideological level, the journalistic autonomy should ensure the free publication of information without political, economic, owner or any other kind of pressure. The main goal of the thesis is to verify how journalists themselves perceive their autonomy. In addition to developing basic theoretical concepts, the work builds on already implemented Czech and international empirical studies investigating journalistic autonomy. At the same time, it relies on some statements of media experts who criticize the current state of journalism and talk about the gradual weakening of journalistic autonomy in liberal-democratic systems, which results in fragmentation of the journalistic field, the profession declain and the growth of distrust in democratic media. The thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with journalists working at the Economia publishing house showed how they currently perceive their professional autonomy and what factors most influence them in the performance of their profession. The interviews revealed that it is not so much about visible political influences or obvious pressures from the owner or external organizations....
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Television debates before the second round of the 2023 presidential election of the Czech Republic: Types of communication used by candidates according to functional theory
Pásler, Šimon ; Nečas, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Jirák, Jan (referee)
The thesis deals with the pre-election TV debates before the second round of the presidential elections in 2023. Based on Functional Theory, the aim of the paper is to identify the types of messages that candidates Andrej Babiš and Petr Pavel used in the pre-election television debates ahead of the second round of the 2023 presidential election. Furthermore, the aim is to compare these results with the findings of previous works analysing the pre-election debates of the 2013 and 2018 presidential elections. Furthermore, the time allocation given to the candidates in the debates is compared. The theoretical part of the paper first focuses on the link between politics and media, public and private ones and political communication, political actors, media campaigns and negativity. Next, the emergence of pre-election debates in the United States and the presidential election in the Czech Republic is described. The thesis includes a review of research on pre-election debates and a description of the Functional Theory used. Next, the thesis continues with the methodology. The practical part includes a description of the debates analysed on Czech television, on CNN Prima and on Nova. The practical part of the thesis used a content analysis based on W. L. Benoit's Functional Theory. Based on Functional...
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Representation of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in Czech media coverage
Lacina, Jiří ; Nečas, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Končelík, Jakub (referee)
This master's thesis focuses on the image of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in the Czech media, specifically on the presence of bias in news coverage. The thesis examines what, if any, elements of media bias are present in Czech media coverage of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The theoretical part of the thesis describes bias and related concepts, and then discusses the history of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, including a closer look at Czech- Israeli and Czech-Palestinian relations. The thesis then presents selected foreign and Czech research that examines the media portrayal of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. As a method, the thesis uses quantitative content analysis and analyses news articles published in the five most read online media during Israel-Palestine crisis in May 2021. The analysis focuses on the presence of contextual information about the conflict, the labelling of actions, actors and territories, and the way in which victims are reported. The results show the picture of the conflict presented by the Czech media is incomplete and distorted from different perspectives. However, the results do not show that the coverage is clearly biased in favour of (or against) the Israeli or Palestinian side.
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The Legitimacy of Public Service Media in the 21st Century: The Role of Audience Analysis
Vysloužilová, Kristýna ; Nečas, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Trampota, Tomáš (referee) ; Kroupa, Jiří (referee)
The dissertation thesis addresses the current position of European public service media. After many years in the position of naturally monopolistic broadcasters, these media are competing for attention not only with a number of private media but also with an unlimited number of online platforms. The thesis analyzes the main potential threats to the legitimacy of public service media and gradually describes the normative requirements that are imposed on public service media primarily by legislation, but that also arise from a socio-historical context. Furthermore, it describes technological trends in the media sector that influence media consumption patterns. Finally, it covers the transformation of the relationship between public service media and their audience. The audience and their expectations are identified as the key source of public service media legitimacy. The research in the thesis aims to analyze to what extent and how the public service media in Europe use audience analysis when defending their own legitimacy. It also presents specific recommendations and results of the author's own quantitative pilot research on a representative sample of the Czech population, which verifies the potential of some of these recommendations on the example of the Czech Television's perception.
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