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The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells in a mouse experimental model
Hájková, Michaela ; Krulová, Magdaléna (advisor) ; Hrdý, Jiří (referee) ; Šírová, Milada (referee)
Due to their immunomodulatory and regenerative potential, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising therapeutic tool for cell-based therapy, organ transplantation or tissue engineering. To improve clinical applicability of MSCs, new methods to increase their delivery and efficacy have been tested in the latest years but the mechanism of observed alterations has not yet been described. In the present project we focused on studying the effect of several factors that can significantly affect the therapeutic success of MSC-based treatment. Initially, we analysed the therapeutic effect of MSCs applied locally on nanofiber scaffold with incorporated cyclosporine A (CsA) in a mouse model of allogeneic skin transplantation. Our results indicate that application of MSCs in the presence of CsA direct M1/M2 macrophage polarization towards regulatory phenotype. This phenotype switching is accompanied by decreased production of nitric oxide (NO) and interferon (IFN-) and increase production of interleukin 10 (IL-10), and may result in suppression of the local inflammatory reaction. The next goal of proposed study was to analyse the effect of the treatment based on MSCs combined with immunosuppressive drugs with different mechanism of action on the balance among distinct T cell subpopulations. We...
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Legal status of persons taking care of children in the labor market
Seemanová, Jana ; Vysokajová, Margerita (advisor) ; Štangová, Věra (referee) ; Zemanová, Jana (referee)
Legal status of persons taking care of children in the labor market This dissertation deals with the legal status of persons taking care of children with respect to their participation in the labor market. The dissertation provides a comprehensive analysis of the legal status of these persons, focusing especially on the employees' work-life balance. The dissertation deals in particular with the issues of working conditions of pregnant women, breastfeeding employees and employed mothers in the period of nine months after childbirth, and employees taking care of a child. The dissertation analyses the legal regulations of individual labor law institutes in relation to person taking care of children such as part-time work. The dissertation analyses atypical employment relationships resulting from the need to care of a child. In addition to providing an analysis of the current legislative framework, the dissertation also deals with contemporary case law, in particular the judicial decisions concerning part-time work. The dissertation describes overlaps with other areas of law, i.e. social security law and tax law, and identifies new trends such as the development of childcare services, in particular for children under three years of age, and process getting shorter parental leave resulting from changes...
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Conceptions of area and volume of pupils at the elementary school
Tůmová, Veronika ; Vondrová, Naďa (advisor) ; Coufalová, Jana (referee) ; Kubáček, Zbyněk (referee)
Conceptions of area and volume of pupils at the elementary school Veronika Tůmová ABSTRACT: The aim of my thesis is to investigate how the conceptions of area and volume are built, what the major pitfalls and problems are, what skills and strategies are helpful for solving problems and what are the frequent unsuccessful strategies and pupils' misconceptions. I used the concept of the hypothetical learning trajectory as a tool to describe this process. Based on existing research review, I compiled two hypothetical learning trajectories - one for area and one for volume. The crucial building blocks that were identified based on these trajectories are: space abilities, structuration of space into arrays of units and multiplicative thinking. A test was designed to measure these factors and the correlation of these factors with success in volume and area problems ranged from week (multiplicative thinking) to very strong (spatial abilities). These findings confirm that these factors constitute an important part of the hypothetical learning trajectory for both concepts. Several structuration tasks were selected to investigate pupils' structuration skills and mistakes in more detail. Three main categories of problems were identified in the pupils' solutions: incorrect space structuration, disconnection between...
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Costs of civil proceedings
Písaříková, Markéta ; Winterová, Alena (advisor) ; Macková, Alena (referee) ; Uhlíř, David (referee)
Costs of civil proccedings This dissertation thesis is aimed onto costs of civil proceedings, especially general costs of civil proceedings and special costs of civil proceedings. Regarding to the special costs of civil proceedings it deals with its remuneration (amount and extent). Existing Czech law was analyzed on given cases with comparation of law, economic analysis of law and theory of games and as the result the externalities were found and defined with the consequences the law lead to. The application of game theory on given problematics has shown its value for analysis of legal rules and as for future it is a way where the analytics can develop. The dissertation thesis has found a mathematical formula for calculation of summary remuneration of costs accompanied with lawsuits so that for the creditor it is more economical to sue the debts than to cede them to the debt collecting companies, and together with that the new law is proposed to prevent externalities that destruct the functioning of civil courts by flood of multiply-lawsuits and externalities, that's costs are borne by tax residents.
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Investment Protection in the European Union
Olík, Miloš ; Pauknerová, Monika (advisor) ; Feigerlová, Monika (referee) ; Ondřej, Jan (referee)
1 Abstract This dissertation deals with investment protection in the European Union from several points of view. The first part deals with the history of investment protection and its main basis and grounds for current legislation and proposals for future regulation, particularly within the EU. In subsequent parts, current legislation and intra-European Union investment protection is analysed in detail, including the question of validity and applicability of Intra-EU BITs, i.e. bilateral treaties concluded between two EU Member States. The analysis is made from the perspective of EU law, as well as from the point of view of public international law. The dissertation further deals with their relationship and demonstrates contradictions between them in two crucial cases, Eureko/Achmea and Micula. Additional themes of this dissertation are the powers of the European Union regarding investment protection and the conclusion of international treaties such as CETA and TTIP. This dissertation further deals with the status, jurisdiction and functioning of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), demonstrating the relatively smooth and widely accepted investment dispute settlement mechanism. In this regard, the proposed EU Multilateral Investment Court project in analysed, including a...
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Current Issues in International Insolvency Law
Plachá, Pavla ; Pauknerová, Monika (advisor) ; Brodec, Jan (referee) ; Bělohlávek, Alexander (referee)
The PhD thesis "Current Issues in International Insolvency Law" aims to describe and draw attention to the moments that, in the opinion of its author, have had the strongest impact on international insolvency law so far. As such it is chiefly devoted to the analysis of existing regulation in the area of European insolvency law (which is principally based on Council Regulation (EC) No 1346/2000 of 29 May 2000 on insolvency proceedings - the "Old Insolvency Regulation" - and Regulation (EU) 2015/848 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 May 2015 on insolvency proceedings - the "New Insolvency Regulation"), and also provides a selection of the relevant case law which has over time significantly changed the way in which specific issues and instruments related to this area are viewed. To do justice to the complexity of the subject matter, the thesis also discusses the determination of jurisdiction in cross-border insolvency proceedings and recognition of the effects of foreign insolvency proceedings in relations between EU and non-EU countries. The main aim of the thesis is to answer the following questions: which legal documents have had the strongest impact on the current form of international insolvency law; whether and how the interpretation of the concept of centre of a debtor's main...
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Large-scale Nature Conservation Areas in the Czech Republic and Selected European Countries in the Legal Context
Mazancová, Eva ; Damohorský, Milan (advisor) ; Stejskal, Vojtěch (referee) ; Müllerová, Hana (referee)
The main goal of the thesis is to analyze and compare the degree of protection of the large-scale nature conservation areas in the legal orders of the Czech Republic, the Russian Federation and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and, in the conclusion of the thesis, to answer the question of whether these countries' regulation provides a sufficiently effective protection to these areas. Legal orders of the examined countries are analyzed with regard to the scope and effectiveness of the large-scale nature conservation legal instruments. Administrative instruments are examined and compared, including the degree of proprietary rights restrictions and related compensations of property loss. Furthermore, the conceptual and economic instruments (both positive and negative stimulation) are also examined. The analysis also focuses on the regulation of legal liability in regard to the large-scale nature conservation. Next, the thesis focuses on the institutional framework of the large-scale nature conservation in the examined countries and on the evaluation of the scope of the nature protection authorities' competence. Another point of interest is the degree to which the rights of the relevant subjects (owners, municipalities, environmental NGOs) are affected by the designation of a...
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Sexual Exploitation and Abuse by UN Peacekeepers
Králik, Ján ; Šturma, Pavel (advisor) ; Hýbnerová, Stanislava (referee) ; Faix, Martin (referee)
The thesis provides legal analysis of sexual exploitation and abuse by UN peacekeepers with particular focus on military members of national peacekeeping contingents. It provides brief survey of peacekeeping operations thereby underlying their importance in the contemporary activities of the UN and describing factors that have caused or might led to sexual exploitation and abuse by UN peacekeepers. Furthermore, UN action towards those acts is described and it is also evaluated whether such steps are successful, sufficient and whether more could have been done or what more can be done in the future. A part is also dedicated to international humanitarian law perspective and international human rights law. In this context, the author tries to answer the question if and when the sexual exploitation and abuse by members of national peacekeeping contingents while deployed to a UN peacekeeping mission may constitute war crimes or crimes against humanity and whether there is a role to play by International Criminal Court. In the same vein, issues of extraterritorial application of human rights treaties are discussed. The question of international responsibility is the central topic of this thesis. Apart from individual responsibility of members of national peacekeeping contingents for acts of sexual...
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Matrix effects in LC-MS analysis: occurrence, evaluation, and their elimination
Svoboda, Pavel ; Nováková, Lucie (advisor) ; Švec, František (referee) ; Havliš, Jan (referee)
Abstract Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Analytical Chemistry Candidate: Mgr. Pavel Svoboda Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. PharmDr. Lucie Nováková, Ph.D. Advisor: RNDr. Hana Vlčková, Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis: Matrix effects in LC-MS analysis: occurrence, evaluation, and their elimination The dissertation thesis deals with the issue of matrix effects in analysis using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS). LC-MS represents a well-established, widely used, and powerful tool in the field of qualitative and quantitative analysis of a wide range of different compounds. Despite all the advantages offered by LC-MS such as sensitivity, selectivity, and robustness, it suffers from a major drawback represented by matrix effects. This undesirable phenomenon affects important parameters of LC-MS method such as accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection, and limit of quantification. Therefore, an evaluation of these effects should be involved in validation of every single LC-MS method and their source should be eliminated. The assessment is generally performed by qualitative and quantitative approaches such as post-extraction addition, post-column infusion, and comparison of slopes of calibration curves. The matrix effects can be reduced or...
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Czech Energy Law in the Context of Environmental Protection
Příborský, Jan ; Damohorský, Milan (advisor) ; Stejskal, Vojtěch (referee) ; Müllerová, Hana (referee)
The dissertation work analyzes the Czech energy law in the context of environmental protection. The thesis seeks out the contexts of principles and instruments of environmental protection in the legal regulation of energy. Emphasis is placed on the analysis of conceptual, administrative, and economic tools and their application at different stages of the energy chain. Attention is paid to the issue of energy terminology in the Civil Code and its importance in the construction phase of the energy infrastructure. The work analyzes the contexts of principles and instruments of environmental protection in thematic areas focused on business regulation in energy, supported energy production, nuclear energy and energy conservation, i.e. according to the areas regulated by the four basic pieces of energy legislation in the Czech Republic. Furthermore, activities in the energy sectors are described in terms of threats and damage of the individual components of the environment. The conclusion of the work points to the main problematic areas of the Czech energy law, including recommendations for their solution. Key words Czech Energy Law, Environmental Protection, Principles and Instruments of Environmental Protection
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