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MILITANT POVERTY OF MEDIOCRITY and/or INTERSTICIAL SPACE
Fojtík, Matej ; Jakšík, Petr (referee) ; Rozwalka, Szymon (advisor)
The thesis “MILITANT POVERTY OF MODIOCRITY AND/OR INTERSTITIAL SPACE” is a continuation of the overall theme Vector of poverty. The starting point for me were the ideas of the German philosopher of Korean origin Byung-Chul Han, presented in his book „Burnt-out Society”. In an attempt to find a space in the city that had not yet been affected by homogenizing tendencies, I set out to the area of Brno’s Cejl and Trnitá. This area has been shaped by the textile industry over the last centuries and is characterised by cultural and social diversity. The Jewish population, which was one of the main groups of local inhabitants until the Second World War, was served here for their spiritual needs by the Great Synagogue. It was burnt down on the day the Protectorate was declared and the land where it stood has been filled with emptiness for 85 years. This becomes the starting point for my architectural design. In the space I am designing I am trying to deal with the weight of this place in the context of the ideas of Zygmund Bauman, who writes about the Holocaust as an extreme outgrowth of modernist way of thinking. The site becomes an interstitial space, a space of otherness that also reflects my thoughts on the state of contemporary architecture.
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Free bed. Renovation of the Szpiegowo building with use of reclaimed materials
Chopyk, Stepan ; Sikorski, Michal (referee) ; Kepiński, Kacper Ignacy (advisor)
Location. Szpiegowo in the Polish capital of Warsaw is located in the south-eastern part of the city. The eastern side of Szpiegowo is lined with residential buildings. The western side of the building faces the communication networks leading to the city centre. The Mokotow district, where the Szpiegowo building is located, is known for its multifunctional space, which includes various types of buildings. Most of them are residential, but there are also administrative and commercial buildings. Materials of the existing building. The main structure of the building consists of vertical and horizontal reinforced concrete elements. The internal walls are filled with fired bricks. The windows and doors are mainly wooden, although some are aluminium. The ground floor is faced with grey marble and the final material of the facade is plaster and some aluminium. The preservation of Szpiegowo is essential. The conversion of Szpiegowo into residential building can contribute to the provision of dramatically needed affordable and social housing. Not only people of the lowest income but also middle-class currently struggle to afford living and finding apartment in Warsaw. To address this issue, the proposal is to create a mixed-income community, bringing together residents of different social groups in inclusive housing conditions. Another strategy is Part of the apartment units will be sold under market conditions thanks to public-private partnership of the municipality and chosen socially aware developer. Thanks to such business strategy, the funding of the rest of the renovation for moderated and social rental purposes, will be possible. Main thesis: Szpiegowo - free housing for a vulnerable population Paraphrase: "In co-housing, residents actively participate in the design and management of their community, fostering a sense of belonging and mutual support while respecting individual autonomy." - Kathryn McCamant and Charles Durrett, architects and authors of "Cohousing: A Contemporary Approach to Housing Ourselves". "Szpiegowo" ("Spytown") Future residents: The potential residents of this housing initiative encompass a diverse demographic, including: individuals experiencing poverty who will benefit from accessible housing options, marginalised minority groups facing discrimination based on race, gender or other factors who are seeking an inclusive and supportive environment, refugees seeking stability and integration into their new community, single mothers who need affordable and safe housing to support their families, students pursuing their academic endeavours who need suitable living arrangements conducive to their educational pursuits.
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Development of cereal products for specific nutrition with the addition of legumes, algae and yeasts
Pavlištíková, Nela ; Mikulíková, Renata (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on the development of cereal products for special nutrition with the addition of legumes, algae and yeast. In the theoretical part, expert knowledge about gluten-free cereals, their chemical composition, gluten and food fortification is developed. Then an overview of the legumes, algae and yeasts tested in this work was elaborated. As a part of the literature review, emphasis was placed on the chemical composition of the analysed products. In the experimental part, the characterization of selected gluten-free cereals and legumes was carried out. The tested cereals were buckwheat, quinoa and gluten-free oatmeal. Pea, red lentil and Beluga black lentil were selected from among legumes. Furthermore, various types of algae and yeast extracts were prepared, which were subsequently optimized. Algae of the genera Dulse, Chlorella and Spirulina were selected for enrichment of pseudocereals. Dried baker's yeast and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were chosen as yeast representatives. Phenolics, flavonoids, antioxidant activity, carbohydrates, proteins, fatty acids, lipids and lipophilic pigments were determined in gluten-free cereals and legumes. The content of -glucans and gluten were determined for in cereals as well. Some content of phenolic substances, flavonoids, antioxidants, total fatty acids, lipophilic substances, pigments and -glucans were found in extracts from algae and yeast. Selected samples were also subjected to antimicrobial and cytotoxicity tests. Finally, mixed cereal products were prepared from selected gluten-free cereals, legumes, selected algae and yeast extracts and algae biomass. Extracts were selected based on obtained results and subjected to MTT cytotoxicity tests. It was found that the addition of pea, extracts from algae and yeast or the algae biomass itself increased the protein content of the prepared mixtures. Furthermore, in hexane:ethanol extracts from Chlorella and Spirulina or their biomass, the amount of antioxidants has been increased. The obtained results show that the combination of cereals with addition of algae and yeast extracts is suitable for increasing the protein content in gluten-free products. It was also found that selected microalgae and yeast have the potential to enrich gluten-free products with bioactive substances, when using biomass or extracts produced from them.
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Between Heaven and Earth
Nečesal, Marek ; Ryška, Zbyněk (referee) ; Mléčka, Jan (advisor)
The thesis focuses on the concept of reusing empty rectories. Besides proposing revitalization plans for three buildings, the analytical part also examines the development of parish typology, exploring the influences and historical events that led to their current state. It analyzes over 60 buildings to investigate current reuse practices and uses statistical indicators to forecast the development of this typology. The analysis concludes with establishing basic principles for sustainable reuse of empty rectories. These principles are then applied in the design section to three different buildings in the Žďár Deanery, selected to match the varying character of the surrounding urbanism. The first rectory is located in Horní Bobrová in the middle of the square, the second building is in Štěpánov nad Svratkou within street development, and the last object stands on the edge of the village of Strážek. The search for a new possible concept for each building was based not only on site analyses but also on firsthand surveys of all buildings including adjacent agricultural structures, analysis of the local parish, and interviews with parishioners. Ultimately, a unique solution enabling sustainable operation was chosen for each site, some of which have been empty for more than two decades.
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Determination of the penetration of the active substances
Blažejová, Natálie ; Kalina, Michal (referee) ; Klučáková, Martina (advisor)
This thesis is focused on the simulation of penetration of active ingredients used in cosmetic products. A theoretical part was written which focused on the basic characteristics of active ingredients used in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry. A method for the determination of these actives by means of Franz diffusion cells, which are used to determine the concentration of actives passed through the skin using different skin models, was described. The experimental part focused on the simulation of the penetration of two active ingredients, bisabolol and ectoine, which were provided by the cosmetic company Nobilis Tilia for this work. The amount of these actives was determined through Franz diffusion cells, using a synthetic Strat-M® membrane and a membrane prepared from pig ear skin. Furthermore, the tape-stripping method was used to determine the active substance in the skin layers. All samples were then analysed by UV-VIS spectrometry and liquid chromatography.
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Use of advanced fluorescence methods in the study of aggregation
Uhrínová, Alžbeta ; Enev, Vojtěch (referee) ; Venerová, Tereza (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with the use of advanced fluorescence techniques in the study of aggregation of selected aggregation models (casein and sodium dodecyl sulfate). At the beginning of the research, fluorescent probes Atto 488 and Rhodamine 6G (RH6G) were characterized using a spectrofluorometry, UV-VIS spectrometry, time-resolved fluorescence, and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). Aggregation models with the addition of fluorescent probes were characterized using the same advanced fluorescence techniques. The interaction between the fluorescent probe Atto 488 and the aggregation models was not confirmed. The excitation maximum of Atto 488 was at 500 nm and the emission maximum at 520 nm. The lifetime of the fluorescent probe Atto 488 was from 4,20 to 4,82 ns and the hydrodynamic radius was determined to 0,6 nm. Rhodamine 6G had an excitation maximum at 525 nm and an emission maximum at 555 nm. The lifetime of the fluorescent probe RH6G was from 3,99 to 5,27 ns. The intensity of RH6G was found to decrease upon addition of a higher concentration of casein, resulting in quenching. The hydrodynamic radius of the RH6G probe was determined to 0,6 nm. With the addition of casein using the maximum entropy method (MEM) evaluation was from 0,5 to 534 nm. Stable SDS micelles had a hydrodynamic radius by MEM evaluation of 2,4 nm.
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The Ideal City Brno: The New Stará Osada
Hladíková, Tereza ; Skála, Jiří (referee) ; Kratochvíl, Jan (advisor)
My master thesis deals with the urban locality Stará Osada, which is an artery of the urban district of Brno- Židenice. It is a social and transport hub for the Brno - Židenice district. Stará Osada is part of the wider city centre. This traffic junction is defined by a development of prefabricated houses, where the dominant feature of the environment is a thirteen-storey building. Stará Osada could be defined similarly to Mendel Square in Brno. Compared to Mendel Square, the space of Stará Osada is very fragmented, disorganised and people only use it as a transfer point for public transport. In connection with the construction of the New Armoury and the traffic tunnel, traffic calming on Gajdošova- Svatoplukova Streets, which currently form the city ring road, will be addressed in the future. Stará Osada has the potential to be a full-fledged centre of Židenice, which supports the development of the urban district, which the district strives for. The aim of the thesis is to design a public space in the form of a square with new buildings, supporting the development that is lacking in the urban district. The buildings, by their mass, will enclose and integrate the space of Stará Osada and will be a manifesto of a possible architectural and urbanistic solution for Stará Osada. The square and the adjacent buildings will provide the opportunity for increased social events and new housing.
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Study of the interaction of lung surfactant with selected polymers
Suchá, Klára ; Pekař, Miloslav (referee) ; Mravec, Filip (advisor)
This thesis deals with the study of interactions between pulmonary surfactant (Curosurf) and selected polymers (N,N,N-trimethylchitosan, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium hyaluronate). This work also focuses on the inactivation of lung surfactant using bovine serum albumin, which causes an increase in the surface tension of the surfactant, whereby the inactivated surfactant is unable to fulfill its function in the lungs. The addition of polymers to this mixture has been shown to be an effective means of restoring the surface tension of the surfactant. First of all, this work focuses on finding the optimal concentration ratios of polymer and Curosurf, at which their mutual interaction occurs. The method of dynamic light scattering was used to obtain optimal ratios. In the second part, the work is devoted to the determination of surface tension using a du Noüy ring tensiometer. It was found that the addition of all selected polymers led to a reduction of the surface tension of the inactivated surfactant to values close to native Curosurf. This work provided useful information to understand the mechanism of lung surfactant surface tension recovery.
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Baugruppe in Rosice u Brna
Kubíková, Markéta ; Janďourek, Jiří (referee) ; Suchánek, Radek (advisor)
The thesis deals with an alternative approach to the densification of development in the form of Baugruppe in the context of brownfield redevelopment in the town of Rosice. The work includes the search for a development that will contribute to its surroundings and its existing residents in the form of amenities and support public life in the wider area. The proposal questions the limits of conventional development and seeks an alternative to living in one's own home which is also part of the wider community.
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Influencing the pozzolanic reaction of silica fume in a high-performance cementitious composite
Všetečka, Tomáš ; Šoukal, František (referee) ; Novotný, Radoslav (advisor)
This work deals with the effect of cement hydration and pozzolanic reaction of a high-perfomrance cement composite containing Portland cement and silica fume as binder. Concentrations of 0,5; 1,0; 2,0 and 4,0 wt.% of calcium ions to the binder were chosen to observe the effect. The selected compounds were calcium oxide (CaO), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), calcium formate (CF), calcium nitrate tetrahydrate (CN) and calcium chloride (CC). Calorimetric measurements showed that the optimum water to binder ratio was 0.4. Due to the lower workability, no high-performance cement composites were prepared but only pastes of high-performance cement composite. The effect of the added compounds on the silica fume-containing system was evaluated by isothermal calorimetry, with only samples containing CaO or Ca(OH)2 showing a measurable response. The effect of the added compounds on the silica fume containing system was evaluated by isothermal calorimetry. Subsequently, the effect of 4,0 wt.% Ca2+ in the CF, CN and CC forms on the system containing silica fume and 1,0 wt.% Ca2+ in the CaO or Ca(OH)2 form was evaluated using the R3 test. Isothermal calorimetry was also applied to paste samples containing cement and silica fume as a binder system, where a significant effect on the length of the induction period, on the value of the minimum heat flux in the induction period and on the value of the maximum heat flux in the main hydration peak was observed, especially for the compounds CF, CN and CC. The flexural tensile and compressive strengths of the paste samples were determined at 1, 3, 7 and 28 days after the start of hydration. The highest influence on the three-point bending tensile strength was again observed for compounds CF, CN and CC, with samples reaching significantly lower values than the reference (this was probably due to insufficient dissolution of the compounds). A lower influence on the flexural tensile strengths was observed for the oxide and calcium hydroxide samples. In the case of compressive strengths, there was a significant increase for CF, CN and CC compounds at 0,5 wt.% and 1,0 wt.% Ca2+ concentrations. In the thermal analysis and diffractometry results, a trend of loss of portlandite at the expense of CSH gel was observed for samples containing 4,0 wt.% Ca2+ in compounds CF, CN and CC. Thus, the added compounds probably influenced the kinetics of cement hydration so much that the silica fume had more time for pozzolanic reaction.
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