|
|
Assessment of the state of the environment with regard to the content of risk elements in fish bodies
Jonášová, Simona ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Komendová, Renata (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with the study of the content of potentially toxic elements in fish bodies in the Jihlava River. The biological samples were first transferred into solutions by microwave digestion. Afterwards, the potentially toxic elements Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn in muscle, heart, liver, genital organs, gills and intestine were determined by AAS. A total of 20 fish samples were analysed. In european chub and common bream, the concentrations of elements decreased in the order Zn > Cu > Ni > Cr > Hg > Pb > Cd. In rainbow trout, common nase, common carp, european perch and common roach, element concentrations decreased in the order Zn > Cu > Ni > Cr > Hg > Cd > Pb. In northern pike the following decreasing trend was found: Zn > Cu > Hg > Ni > Cr > Cd > Pb. The assessment of the condition of the watercourse was made according to the individuals that were assumed to have been present in the Jihlava River for more than 1 year. According to these fish species, the contamination of the aquatic environment with elements Cr, Cu, Hg and Ni was demonstrated. All fish samples except sample 8 (perch) were assessed as suitable for consumption.
|
|
|
Intercurricular teaching programme Fish of our waters
SVĚTLÍKOVÁ, Tereza
The aim of the thesis was to create a proposal for a teaching programme focused on the issue of fish occurring in the Czech Republic, in order to facilitate the work of teachers who can use the activities during their personal practice. The first part of my thesis focuses on the issues of water around us (lakes, ponds, running waters) and on some of the fish species living in the Czech Republic which are introduced to pupils in primary school lessons. The second part focuses on the design of a cross-curricular teaching programme, which includes tools such as worksheets, pictures, etc. Last but not least, reflection from practice and evaluation tests are included to verify the effectiveness of the proposed activities. The results show that after the implementation of the proposed activities, students have an overview of fish and everything related to them. They know some of the representatives, they can tell what fish needs to live, what it looks like, describe its body, distinguish between freshwater and marine fish, know what they breathe, what the fish's lateral line is for, etc. They also know what a fisherman needs to own when he wants to catch a fish and that it is not an easy job.
|
|
|
Revitalization of river for fish
Štěpánová, Markéta ; Vrba, Jan (referee) ; Milerski, Rudolf (advisor)
This bachelor thesis addresses the issue of restoration of water flows. In this thesis takes into account the conditions for life and migration of aquatic animals. In the first part of this thesis are to analyze the types of water flow characteristics and fish´s zones. Further there are examples of modifications of water flows with regard to aquatic animals. The second part describes the character of existing condition of the Svitava River, in a section of Brno. There is also an assessment of the impact of buildings on the migration of aquatic animals, and also proposes some examples of adjustments.
|
|
|
Determination of mercury in selected fish species and in fish products
Kroupová, Kateřina ; Ing.Tomáš Gregor, Ph.D. (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
Theoretical part of the master thesis deals with the occurrence of different mercury species in the environment and describes analytical methods used for determination of mercury in biological samples. In practical part of the master thesis mercury concentration in 14 samples of selected fish and fish product was determined using single purpose absorption spectrometer AMA 254. Measured results were statistically processed and consulted with EU legislative norm.
|
|
|
Study of Transfer of Musk Compounds in Abiotic and Biotic Components of Aquatic Ecosystems
Zouhar, Libor ; Hajšlová, Jana (referee) ; Sokol, Jozef (referee) ; Večeřa, Zbyněk (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This work was focused on the determination of musk compounds in various components of the environment. Synthetic musk compounds are organic substances commonly used as fragrant constituents of detergents, perfumes, cosmetics and other personal care products (PCPs). These compounds contaminate the aquatic environment through municipal wastewater from sewage treatment plants. The result is accumulation of these analytes in the environment and their occurrence in food chain. Synthetic fragrances are commonly detected also in human body; these substances generally belong among relatively new persistent organic pollutants (POPs) because of their persistence, bioaccumulation, and potential toxicity. The aim of this work was to optimize the methods for the determination of selected synthetic fragrances in wastewater (municipal, industrial) and in fish muscle. These analytes were determined in wastewater [the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) Brno – Modřice, cosmetic manufacturing plant] and in fish Squalius cephalus that had been caught in the river Svratka. The selected analytes (14 substances) originate from the group of nitromusk, polycyclic musk and linear musk compounds. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) [for wastewater samples] and pressurized solvent extraction (PSE) [for fish samples] were used for isolation of analytes from real samples. The identification and quantification of analytes were carried out by high resolution gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry detection (GC-MS). The results show that galaxolide (g.L-1) and tonalide (tenths of g.L-1) were polycyclic musk compounds which were found at the highest concentration level in influent and also in effluent samples from the WWTP Brno – Modřice. The most extended nitromusk compound was musk ketone (hundredths of g.L-1). Linear musk compounds were detected in all influent samples (g.L-1). The overall removal efficiency of synthetic musk compounds from wastewater in the WWTP varies within the following ranges: nitromusk compounds 34.4 % – 85.4 %, polycyclic musk compounds 36.7 % – 53.3 % and linear musk compounds 90.5 % – 99.9 %. On the basis of the results it can be stated that wastewater (effluent from the WWTP) is the primary source of musk compounds, especially of the polycyclic ones in the environment. It has been also shown that ultrafiltration used in a cosmetic plant is a highly efficient technology for removing nitromusk and polycyclic musk compounds from industry wastewater. The results from evaluation of the fish contamination by musk compounds show that galaxolide was the substance which reached the highest concentration levels (tens of g.kg-1 l.w.). The results corroborate ubiquitous occurrence of musk compounds in the environment and reduction of using of nitromusk compounds due to their potential toxic properties. It has been shown that the insufficiency of the purifying procedures used in the WWTP Brno – Modřice has a significant influence on the concentration level of polycyclic musk compounds (tonalide, galaxolide) in fish caught from the river Svratka.
|
|
|
Determination of selected musk compounds in biotic samples
Blahová, Eliška ; Čáslavský, Josef (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Musk compounds (MUSK) or synthetic fragrances are organic substances commonly used as fragrant constituents of detergents, soaps, cosmetics, personal care products, industrial and in-house cleaning agents, industrial plasticizers, chewing tobacco and fresheners. The big attention is pushed ahead studying these compounds, their fate in different parts of ecosystems and studying their characteristics at present, because musks infiltrate many environmental components, particularly aquatic and marine ecosystems, through their large application and their ability to be perzistant. This diploma thesis was focused on four synthetic “classical” fragrances used over the world. The aim of this study was to perform a method optimisation for the determination of selected fragrances in biotic matrix. There was made an evalution of ability of selected water treatment plant to clear away musks from water, these results were used for evaluating contamination measurement of aquatic ecosystem. The identification and quantification of analytes was carried out by high resolution gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (HRGC/MS).
|
|
|
Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Environment of the Southern Moravia Region
Lána, Radim ; Kráčmar, Stanislav (referee) ; Večeřa, Zbyněk (referee) ; Hajšlová, Jana (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Byla provedena studie bioakumulace POP v potravním řetězci a historických trendů hladin POP v sedimentech Brněnské přehrady. Současné úrovně kontaminantů byly stanoveny v jelci tloušti z řeky Svratky a rovněž byla posouzena hygienická kvalita ryb z rekreačního rybolovu. Současné úrovně POP v terestrickém ekosystému byly posouzeny pomocí analýz jehličí jako přirozeného indikátoru znečištění. Studium jedinců tří druhů dravých ptáků z ČR bylo zaměřeno na zhodnocení kontaminace těchto vrcholných predátorů POP. S pomocí analýz vybraných druhů ryb ze Záhlinických rybníků byl rovněž studován proces bioakumulace. Posouzení parametrů dvou moderních extrakčních technik a jejich využitelnosti pro izolaci POP z různých matric bylo námětem poslední části dizertace.
|
|
|
Study of fish-passing facility on the weirs on Bečva river
Chovancová, Kateřina ; Veselý, David (referee) ; Milerski, Rudolf (advisor)
This master's thesis consists of three main parts. The first section describes some types of fish crossings and basic information of their design. There is also marginally described program HEC-RAS. The second part is about the Zuberská weir and Osek stage. I review here fish ladders according to the original drawings in the HEC-RAS and suggest possible options to address these passable fish crossings for the fish crew. The last section is devoted to Mikulenkov weir where the fish crossing has been completely removed. Here I propose a new fish ramp according to modern knowledge and applicable standards. I also review the proposed fish ramp in the HEC-RAS program in order to verify the hydraulic characteristics.
|
|
|
Musk compounds in water biota
Zouhar, Libor ; Stoupalová, Michaela (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Synthetic musk compounds (MUSK) or synthetic fragrances are organic substances commonly used as fragrant constituents of perfumes, detergents, cosmetics and personal care products. These compounds are discharged after use via domestic wastewater and sewage treatment plants to the aquatic environment. The result is accumulation in the environment and occurrence in a food chain especially of aquatic and marine ecosystems. Synthetic musk compounds are also found in surface water, fish tissues and also in body fluid (blood, urine, milk) and tissues of human body. Quantitative detection and studying properties of these compounds is an important activity because we have low knowledge about their fate in the environment (persistence, bioaccumulation) and toxicity. This diploma thesis is focused on three commonly used synthetic fragrances – tonalide, musk ketone and musk xylene. The base of this study was to perform a method optimisation for the determination of selected compounds in water and water biota (fish). The aim was determination of selected musk compounds in real samples (water, fish) and evaluation of the results. Pressurized solvent extraction (PSE) for fish samples and solid phase microextraction (SPME) for water samples were used for isolation of analytes from samples. The identification and quantification of analytes was carried out by high resolution gas chromatography – mass spectrometry.
|
|
|
Communication Strategy for Firm Chytej.cz
Měřička, Radim ; Mráček, Pavel (referee) ; Mráček, Pavel (referee) ; Šimberová, Iveta (advisor)
The thesis deals with potentialities of a company, whose activities are focused in the intrnet environment. Together with maintaining a fisherman portal, the company is involved in producing instructional and narrative movies with fishing themes. In the thesis, different ways to approach special interest groups are discussed, as well as different means of advertising services to these groups. The thesis concludes in several proposals, that may result in the company growth.
|
guest ::
