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Culturological reflexion of architectonic evolution of Paris
Kozel, Petr ; Czumalo, Vladimír (advisor) ; Ortová, Jitka (referee)
V soucasnosti vice nez polovina lidf poprve v historii lidstva zije v urbanizovanem prostredf. Soucasny Clovek modernou osvobozeny ze vsech vazeb tradicnf spolecnosti se tez znatelne odpoutal ze sveho prostredf tfm, ze mu prestal rozumet. Architektonicky ztvarneny prostor, jakozto majoritnf zastupce soucasneho lidskeho zivotnfho prostredf prestal s Clovekem srozumitelne komunikovat. Lze ovsem toto tvrzenf postavit i opacne, Clovek v soucasnosti zahlceny informacemi prestal vyvfjet snahu 0 zfskavanf informad podstatnych, mezi ktere bezesporu pochopenf okolnfho sveta a starost 0 nej nalezl. Architektura a jejf esteticky a ontologicky vliv zaCfna opravdu u jednotlivce doma tfm, jak a v cem bydlf, a pokracuje do vsech sfer lidskeho zivota. Na zaklade pochopenf sve zivotnf niky muze Clovek pochopit svet. Na predchazejfdch strankach se objevily dYe roviny lidskeho prostredf: spolecny, verejny prostor na prfkladu prostoru Les Halles a jednotlivou budovu, obytny dum Bois-Le-Pretre. Jsou to prfklady prfstupu, ktere se snazf 0 zlepsenf podmfnek lidske existence tfm, ze chapou lidskou bytost jako komplexnf jev a ne pouze parciatne jako uzivatele, chodce, zakaznfka ad. Parfz jako modelove post-industrialnf velkomesto, toto hlavnf mesto 19. stoletf receno s Walterem Benjaminem, se ve svem vyvoji potykala s mnozstvfm...
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Man's situation in the Western civilization
Jirsa, Lukáš ; Ortová, Jitka (advisor) ; Soukup, Václav (referee)
The central theme of this thesis is contemporary Western civilization and its supposed crisis. The theme reposes on the theories of the cultural code and the culture universalis. We share the opinion of many social scientists and the scientists who study the culture as a human type of adaptation, that there exist some characteristics common to aH human societies (religion, law, family, rituals ... ). The contemporary globalized world, which is dominated by Western civilization, is one of the most difficult subjects to treat for its complexity. Therefore, we used the theories on current civilization by the Dutch historian Johan Huizinga (ln the Shadows ojTommorow, 1936) and the American sociologist Pitirim A. Sorokin (The Crisis oj Dur Age, 1941). Their approach to modem society differs in many points, but they identify the same root of crisis: the abandonment of the Christian religion and its values as the principal of the cultural integration. Huizinga and Sorokin are persuaded that the contemporary Western civilization is based on the values of material wealth and power, which are not the ideal principles of integration. The evidence for such opinion is seen in the crisis of moral values, the lack of responsibility and growing individualism. These statements were plausible in the time of Huizinga's and...
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Cultural diversity of the Czech landscape with example of specific area - Blata in South Bohemia
Lojdová, Veronika ; Ortová, Jitka (advisor) ; Kuška, Martin (referee)
This thesis mainly eoneems eultural landseape. I bring its general eharaeteristies and definitions and dosely explore the progress of Czeeh eultural landseape. Than I write about the phoenix of plaee. I'm interested in the problematie ofhome, genius loei, orientation in spaee. There is a praetieal part of the thesis whieh diseusses a speeial eultural landseape - Sobeslavsko-veselska blata in the South Bohemia. This region is dose to my heart, I know it from ehildhood. I deseribe this loeal eultural landseape and its genius loci. I write about the loeal popular arehiteeture whieh is very famous and other speeifie things whieh helped in establishing original eulture in Blata area. The Blata eulturallandseape was ereated under the influenee of people. We ean find here natural plaees for example peat bogs whieh were used by loeal people without deep interventi on in balanee of nature. Than there are wheat fields whieh had its important plaee in the past. And more over there are roral houses whieh eomplement the landseape and support the natural beauty of the eountryside. The villages in Blata with its famous gables bring the human system in the landseape. They are symbols of safety and eertainty for loeal people.
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Environmental problems in the context of western culture. An outline of selected conceptions
Vysloužilová, Klára ; Ortová, Jitka (advisor) ; Mrázová, Gabriela (referee)
The goal of the Thesis is to achieve an understanding of the global effects of the expansive character of Western culture. The project stems from an analysis of Western society as a specific sociocultural system which developed from an originally European civilization to a generally Western civilization and now aspires to be a world-wide civilization. An emphasis is placed on the fact that Western society's current behavior threatens not only its own future existence, but that of the rest of the surrounding world. This text presents an overview of the origins and changes of the Western world view and the life style associated with it, points out the motives behind them, compare them with alternative conceptions from selected non- Western cultures, and critically evaluate them, primarily in the context of the current ecological situation. The covered theories and explanatory models in the Thesis are related to three main areas. The first area includes philosophical reflections on environmental problems, especially the search for phenomena that were present during the birth of Western culture. The theories and models also shed light on the way they contributed to a "radical questioning of what was previously thought to be self-evident". The second area examines the question of the correlation between the...
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Baroque image of Czech countryside
Rysová, Dagmar ; Ortová, Jitka (advisor) ; Soukup, Václav (referee)
The Baroque face of the Czech landscape This rigorous thesis continues in the theme of the baroque Czech landscape, which was the subject already of my graduation theses. The main goal was to study the relationship between the baroque man and the Czech culturallandscape, to look for the leading factors which contributed to his feelings of safety and home, to understand the inf1uence of the baroque spirituality and its place in the landscape, to define the relation between geomorphology and baroque urbanization and to dec1are - on concrete examples of important Czech areas - the new type of baroque organization of the space. The concept of baroque cul ture and landscape was approached from various perspectives in terms of the interdisciplinary direction of the subject of Culturology. The work is divided in three main chapters. The first one points on the general features of the Czech baroque culture and the main factors (historical, political, religious, artistic and others), which inf1uenced its creation. The second part is dedicated to the importance of the Czech baroque cultural landscape and to the development of the baroque gardens in connection to the exterior sculpture. The subject of the last part is contextualization of the theme of the thesis into the culturological subject, where the tas k was to...
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The problem analysis of public in a socio-cultural perspective
Kittl, Adam ; Ortová, Jitka (advisor) ; Czumalo, Vladimír (referee)
V této práci se budu věnovat veřejným prostranstvím a místům s duchovní atmosférou - geniem loci. Veřejná prostranství a kvalitní místa jsou důležitou a nedílnou součástí našeho blízkého i vzdáleného okolí. Architektura nás utváří stejně tak, jako utváříme my ji. Veřejná prostranství jsou základním prvkem každého sídla, jsou neoddělitelnou součástí městského i venkovského života. Po staletí se na veřejných prostranstvích odehrávalo mnohé ze sociálního života obce. Dnešní postoj lidí k místům a veřejným prostranstvím je však spíše chladný. Současná architektura a urbanismus s nimi nepočítají. Lidé dávají stále častěji přednost virtuálnímu světu multimédií. (...)
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Culture of the west - on the issue of crisis of contemporary western society
Augustinová, Šárka ; Ortová, Jitka (advisor) ; Soukup, Martin (referee)
This diploma thesis is based on the presumption that the cause of today's imbalanced situation of the culture of the West is entailed in its neglect of mostly spiritual and afiliative components of our cultural code. The thesis is mostly based on the work of P. A. Sorokin, who saw the cause of the crisis of Western culture in its prevalent sensitive components and on the other hand in the deficit of spiritual ones. In the following chapters the author is focusing on the situation of religion in today's Western culture and on the issue of ethics for contemporary civilization. As a solution to current situation she finds necessary to return to those values that stood at the birth of Europe, which in fact, in today's language, are the values for sustainable way of life. The author comes to the conclusion that contemporary Western culture needs overall overhaul of its sociocultural system, in which the spiritual values should play greater role once again.
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Henry David Thoreau and his Relation to Natural Science
Daňhelka, Michal ; Rynda, Ivan (advisor) ; Ortová, Jitka (referee)
This thesis examines Henry David Thoreu's connections and relations to natural science. It presents Thoreau in broader context of rapidly developing nineteenth century American science. It follows his career and development as a writer and naturalist, emphasizing the role of science in this development, and identifies some of his sources and possible influences. It is based on extensive study of Thoreau's writings, especially his Journal and recently published and relatively unknown late natural writings. It compares and interperts Thoreau's works in relation to modern ecological science and introduces Thoreau as a predecessor and pioneer of ecological science and its various disciplines.
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From functionalism to the style for living. Architect Karel Honzík's theory
Kovtun, Jakub ; Czumalo, Vladimír (advisor) ; Ortová, Jitka (referee)
The main focus of the thesis is the theory of architecture of Karel Honzík (1900 - 1966), one of the most distinguished architects of the funcionalist period in Czechoslovakia. The first chapter sets out to explore the historical and cultural background of the formation of modernist theories and beliefs. Architectural theories of Adolf Loos and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and their analysis and evaluation as the most important influences on the formation of the functionalist paradigm in architecture are discussed in the second chapter. In the third chapter, theories of other Czech functionalist architects whose work was related to Honzík's are presented and analyzed, with focus on Le Corbusier's influence. The final chapter follows Honzík's departure from the strict functionalist paradigm towards a comprehensive understanding of architecture as of a process of shaping human environment towards a greater capacity to fulfil both instrumental and emotional human needs. Honzík's theory of architecture is also shown to be closely linked to structuralism, especially to its application in linguistics.
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Socio-cultural perspectives on the issue of housing in Czechoslovakia in the second half of the 20th century
Zadražilová, Lucie ; Ortová, Jitka (advisor) ; Švácha, Rostislav (referee) ; Czumalo, Vladimír (referee)
Prefabricated housing estates represent the most typical and widespread form of mass socialist home building in our country. Their form comes from the modernistic urban planning of the European inter-war avant-garde, but living there was typified by the principles of socialistic housing policy. These were home for more than three million Czech inhabitants. Nevertheless there are many myths and incorrect evaluations connected with them, and there are many areas of this complex phenomenon which have not yet been investigated. The cultural, social and physical aspects are linked through the study of cultural theory, which was chosen for this dissertation. The three main chapters are based on a comparison with traditional city structures, the observed spatial and social specifics of prefabricated housing estates on three levels: in the imaginations of their designers, who were influenced by contemporary intellectual trends, in their implementation under specific political and social conditions, and in the opportunities which this form of building could offer for the future. The first chapter deals with formation of prefabricated housing estates as new city structure with different form of urbanism. In the second chapter the spatial specifics are described by means of five criteria of the "habitable" space:...
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