2024-10-13
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2024-10-13
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2024-10-13
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2024-10-13
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2024-10-05
00:01 |
Preference transmission within churches: religious leaders and clusters of (in)tolerance
Bauer, Michal ; Chytilová, Julie ; Ochieng, E.
Animosity towards followers of other faiths fuels inter-group conflicts. In order to study the role of religious leaders in shaping pro-sociality within their churches, we directly elicit a rich set of ingroup-out-group biases among pastors (N=200) and members of their churches (N=800) in Kenya, using controlled allocation tasks. We document remarkable heterogeneity in preferences across religious leaders, with one type treating all recipients equally independently of their religious beliefs and the second type severely discriminating against Muslims and non-religious individuals. In line with cultural transmission models, we find that: (i) pastors aim to instill their preferences in church members, (ii) church members follow leaders in an experiment that exogenously provides information about leaders’ behavior, and (iii) preferences of church members are robustly positively related to the preferences of their religious leader, especially among those with greater exposure to the leader. Together, our findings suggest that differences in preferences of religious leaders spill over and create distinct social groups with contrasting moral views how to treat out-group members.
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2024-09-22
00:06 |
TALENT: critical literature review
Federičová, Miroslava ; Protivínský, Tomáš
This document has been created to familiarize the reader with scientific literature that deals directly or implicitly with the education of gifted students, their specificities, and the challenges they may face in developing their talents. It focuses on the findings of literature from an economic perspective, specifically in the field of the economics of education, and with an emphasis on topics that are important in the Czech context. It offers an economic perspective on the importance of supporting gifted children for individuals and for society as a whole, explores factors that contribute to development of talent, and identifies potential obstacles faced by gifted children. It also draws on psychological and educational literature, particularly in defining talent and examining teaching practices aimed at gifted students.
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2024-09-22
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Platy učitelů v roce 2023 a výhled: jízda z kopce
Münich, Daniel ; Smolka, Vladimír
Pro vývoj platů učitelů je určující vývoj veřejných vzdělávacích výdajů země, konkrétně podíl těchto výdajů na HDP. V Česku dosáhl historického maxima v roce 2021, což zhruba odpovídalo průměru zemí EU27 i OECD. Na základě známého vývoje, Střednědobých výhledů státního rozpočtu (SDV SR) a predikce vývoje české ekonomiky tento podíl v dalších letech klesal, poklesne v roce 2024 a velmi pravděpodobně i v letech 2025 a 2026. Stávající SDV SR totiž, kromě jiného, nezohledňuje nové zákonné zakotvení relativních platů učitelů na úrovni 130 % průměrných mezd v ekonomice. Pokud by se měl podíl školských výdajů na HDP v roce 2025 vrátit na průměr zemí EU27 roku 2021, musely by být výdaje o zhruba 40 mld. vyšší, než předpokládají aktuální rozpočtové výhledy na rok 2025, tedy o 15 %.
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2024-09-06
20:55 |
Collective vs. family remembrance: evidence from two Russian betrayals
Gharibyan, Sinara
Is family or collective remembrance of the distant past more powerful in shaping current behavior? To answer this question, I link two historical episodes from Armenian history separated by a century. During both World War I (WWI) and the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh War, Russia was anticipated to provide military support to Armenia, its ally, but failed to do so. I demonstrate that the memories of the first Russian betrayal were activated after the second war. I identify family memory of the first betrayal using distinct West Armenian (Ottoman Armenian) surnames and proxy collective memory through locations renamed to commemorate lost Armenian localities during WWI. The difference-in-differences (DiD) approach shows that both family and collective remembrance negatively affect pro-Russian parties’ vote share, with all the conventional assumptions of DiD verified. Family remembrance influences behavior through traumatic recall, whereas collective remembrance operates via social capital.
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2024-09-06
20:55 |
Winning culture, winning future: the effects of early-career success on long-run performance
Trestcov, Ivan ; Rakhmetova, Aizhamal
This paper investigates the influence of early-career environments on long-run performance. Utilizing quasi-randomness of the NBA Draft Lottery system, we isolate the impacts of initial team success, coaching experience, and the presence of a star player during a basketball player’s debut season. Our findings underscore the significant positive effects of early team wins and experienced coaches on future player performance. Surprisingly, playing alongside a star player in the first year does not show a strong influence. This study offers insights that extend beyond sports, emphasizing the lasting effects of early professional experience and mentorship on career trajectories.
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2024-08-10
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The U.S. low-wage structure: a McWage comparison
Ashenfelter, O. ; Jurajda, Štěpán
Thanks to standardized work protocol and technology of McDonald’s restaurants, the hourly wage of McDonald’s Basic Crew enables wage comparisons under near-identical skill inputs and hedonic job conditions. McWages capture labor costs in entry-level jobs, while the Big Macs (earned) Per Hour (BMPH) index measures corresponding purchasing power of wages. We document large and growing geographical wage differences in standardized jobs using data covering most U.S. counties during 2016-2023. Before the Covid-19 pandemic, there was no BMPH growth where minimum wages stayed constant, but the pandemic wage increase, which diminished the importance of minimum wages, was stronger in these areas.
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