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New Developments in Fuzzy Cluster Analysis
Řezanková, H. ; Húsek, Dušan
The paper deals with a special class of cluster analysis methods where a membership degree is calculated for each object and each cluster. These methods are investigated under the name fuzzy cluster analysis. We present some emerging topics in this area, such as relation fuzzy clustering, soft clusters ensembles, similarity of fuzzy clusters, visualization of clustering results, simultaneous clustering and feature discrimination, and techniques for cluster number determination. Some tasks are illustrated by clustering of binary variables.
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Synthesis of bioceramic materials based on hydroxyapatite
Kočicová, Pavla ; Králová, Marcela (referee) ; Částková, Klára (advisor)
The thesis deals with the precipitation synthesis of nanoparticle hydroxyapatite with goal to study the influence of reaction conditions on the morphology of the particles. The theoretical part is focused on biomaterials, bioceramics and phosphates characterization. Further the work is focused on hydroxyapatite, its characteristics and possible synthesis in particular. The synthesis of hydroxyapatite precipitation is described in the experimental part. Syntheses were performed at a reaction temperature of 0-80 °C at pH = 8-11, at the aging time of 0-24 h, in the presence of surfactant and the chelating agent and with the post-precipitation hydrothermal or ultrasonic treatment. For characterization of the prepared powders, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), laser diffraction (LD) and the analysis of the specific surface area (BET) were used. Pure hydroxyapatite powders or a mixture of hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate were prepared by precipitation syntheses. HA particle morphology was strongly affected by the reaction temperature – with increasing temperature the larger particles with a clearer morphology were formed, mostly in the rod shape. Postprecipitation hydrothermal treatment had a significant influence on the morphology of HA particles – it caused the formation of spherical or slightly elongated particles. The reaction medium of water/ethanol significantly affected the particle morphology – it inhibited the particle growth.
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Nursing care of child patient with acute pancreatitis.
ŽENÍŠKOVÁ, Pavla
Abstract Child patient acute pancreatitis nursing care Current status: Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas. This disease can be classified as an acute abdominal event. The essence of the disease is the autodigestion of pancreas maternal tissues. The most common cause of pancreatitis in childhood is an infection. This infection may have viral, bacterial or parasitary origin. The main clinical symptom is abdominal pain, connected with vomiting. The diagnosis can be confirmed by a laboratory blood test, where increased values of amylase and lipase are found in the serum. For acute pancreatitis diagnosis in pediatric patients, a non invasive displaying method has remained unsurpassed up to now - ultrasonographic abdominal examination. The method is non-invasive, Quit and available examination. Based on the progression and form of the disease, the child patient is admitted to an intensive care unit, or to a standard ward. The onset of treatment requires the absolute prohibition of any intake of nutrition per os. The application of analgetics and antibiotics is also very important. Regarding the application of analgetics there are different opinions regarding opiate or non-opiate types., Some complications can occur in more serious forms of the disease, like biliar ways compression followed by icter, duodena stenosis and following ileus. There are also connected complications regarding the cardio vascular system and the gastroinstestinal tract. The prognosis is very good in milder forms of the disease. Acute pancreatitis can turn into the chronic disease in 15-35% of cases. Targets: The first target was to evaluate the acute pancreatitis growth rate in childhood in the Czech republic from 2004 up to 2014. The second target was to describe specific aspects of nursing care for the pediatric patient with acute pancreatitis during hospitalization, during follow up care and after being released home. Methodology and research group: The Institute of sanitary information and statistics was appproached regarding the achievment of the first tagret as were all seven health insurance companies operating in the Czech republic. The method of documents analysis and data collection was used to achieve the second target. The information was gathered from primary documentation and professional studies on the topic. Results: From 2010 there has been a constant and gradual growth of acute pancreatitis in pediatric patients in the Czech republic. While in 2010 there were 221 patients, in 2014 there were already 318 pediatric patients with this disease. The specific aspects of nursing care for a pediatric patient with acute pancreatitis are in early diagnostics, analgetics and antibiotics therapy, and mainly, in dietary measures. During hospitalization in an intensive care unit, or in a standard ward, the specific aspects of nursing care are the following: Physiological functions monitoring, pain monitoring, monitoring the intravenous catheter, or urine catheter if applicable, and nazogastric probe, observing the emptying and nutrition of a pediatric patient, and also in meeting the child´s needs. The most important aim after acute pancreatitis, is maintaining the correct diet. The gradual return of the child back to normal life is also very important. Conclusion: This disease can be classified as an acute abdominal event. The clinical image is accompanied by strong abdominal pain and vomiting. Ultrasonogprahic abdominal examination is the first option of displaying diagnostic methods. The treatment takes place during hospitalization in an intensive care unit or in a standard ward. Strict diet maintaining is the most important specific aspect. Practical recommendations: The outcome of the thesis is a brief summary of nursing care for a child with a past of acute pancreatitis when is discharged home.
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Influence of the laser power and analyte concentration on the results in MALDI-TOF MS of oligosaccharides
Čáslavský, Josef ; Chmelík, Josef
MALDI-TOF MS has been successfully applied for the analysis of a wide range of organic biopolymers including oligosaccharides. We focus our attention to the group of oligosaccharides occuring in beer and in malting and mashing products, which are mainly oligosaccharides containing from 3 to more than 30 glucose units in their molecules. We tried to evaluate various factors influencing the obtained results. We found that the shape of the spectrum depends significantly on the energy of ionising laser pulse and also on the amount of the analyte on the MALDI target. These effects were studied with standard mixtures as well as with real samples.
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Value inclinations of czech journalists on example of socially marginalised squatters
Havlíková, Magdalena ; Vochocová, Lenka (advisor) ; Reifová, Irena (referee)
In my work I am dealing with the value inclinations of Czech journalists from the newspaper Mladá fronta Dnes, the tabloid Blesk (including the Sunday issue Nedělní Blesk) and the magazine Reflex. I have focused on the articles written about socially marginalized squatters in the years 2000, 2008 and 2009. I am interested in the values present in this discourse and what position will these values take towards squatters. In the theoretical part I explain concepts like hegemony, binary us-them, moral panics and body discipline, which will help me in my analysis. Recognized values are put into categories and subcategories according to their content. I describe the development of values within categories in different years. Finally I compare the values of the analyzed media.
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Characterization and stabilization of pancreatin
Wurstová, Agáta ; Němcová, Andrea (referee) ; Obruča, Stanislav (advisor)
This work focuses on a study of enzyme mixture pancreatin, its characterization and subsequent encapsulation into liposomes. As a reference proteins bovine serum albumin and trypsin were used. Characterization of pancreatin consisted of two parts. The first part focuses on optimization of methods for the concentration determination by absorption spectrophotometry using basic methods for identifying proteins (Biuret method, Hartree-Lowry method and Bradford method). Moreover, UV spectrums of the protein were measured. As a method for identification of protein´s molecular weight, SDS-PAGE was used. To identify components of pancreatin, LPLC was employed in two modifications, ion-exchange chromatography and size exclusion chromatography. The second part is dedicated to the characterization of pancreatin as enzyme in terms of pH and temperature optimum for the enzyme activities of protease (pH 9, 8 and 50 °C), amylase (pH 7 and 40 °C) and lipase (pH 7 and 50 °C). The last part of this work aimed at an encapsulation of pancreatin into liposomes and DLS analysis of distribution of particles and their zeta potential. Liposomes did not spontaneously release encapsulated enzyme. To confirm that proteins were successfully entrapped into liposomes, their structure was disrupted by application of phospholipase D. In conclusion, liposomes can be utilized as delivery systems for native enzymes.
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Synthesis of colloidal gold nanorods for biomedical applications
Valkovičová, Jiřina ; Bernard, Vladan (referee) ; Drbohlavová, Jana (advisor)
Diplomová práce se zabývá výrobou a využitím zlatých koloidních nanotyčinek v biomedicínských aplikacích. Konkrétně se zaměřuje na tři základní funkce nanočástic v analýze - transportní, separační a především zobrazovací. V části o využití nanočástic pro zobrazování je hlavní zájem věnován zejména povrchové plazmonové rezonanci zlatých nantyčinek. Dále je práce zaměřena na využití nanotyčinek pro termální terapii. Následující část je věnována vhodným modifikacím povrchu, hlavně za účelem zmírnění toxicity částic. Závěrem teoretické části jsou způsoby přípravy zlatých koloidních nanotyčinek a techniky jejich následné analýzy. V navazující experimetální části jsou uvedeny postupy, podmínky a výsledky provedených pokusů.
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Periradicular therapy in the Hospital Český Krumlov a.s.
KUTIŠOVÁ, Magdalena
This bachelor thesis focuses on the issue of backache and its treatment. Backache is one of the most common diagnosis. The most affected are usually people in their productive age and therefore the economic and social consequences are very significant. There are many techniques used in diagnosis of backache, easier and cheaper techniques are used in the first place. The diagnosis consists of examination of the patient, medical history and clinical examination. The treatment depends on type and progress of the illness. The basic division is acute (4 to 6 weeks) and chronic case (more than 3 months). Another division is common backache, nervous radicular pain and serious illness of spine. I will mainly focus on nervous radicular pain. The basis of the therapy should be active treatment accompanied by physiotherapy. In addition to this therapy, pharmacological treatment is also used. The pharmacological treatment consists of application of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesic and also antidepressants. If the conservative therapy is not effective, it is possible to use the least invasive techniques. The most popular one is the periradicular therapy under CT guidance, which is also the subject of this thesis. During the periradicular therapy under CT guidance the needle is being inserted to intervertebral foramen in the area of radicular affected nerve where lytic mixture is then being applied. The lytic mixture is sometimes replaced by ozone with the same effect. When the PRT was first used, it was mainly applied in the area of lumbar spine. Nowadays, it is usually used in treatment of lesion in the area of cervical spine. The objective of this thesis is to describe anatomy of the examined area, physiological and pathological state, the main indications for the periradicular therapy and methods of implementation including the used tools and pharmaceutical. Following part is focused on development of application of this method in the Hospital of Český Krumlov, a.s. the radiodiagnostics department, and to analyse the effectiveness of the treatment. I have conducted analysis and processed data of performed periradicular therapies in the Hospital of Český Krumlov, a.s. from 2010, when the method was introduced, up to 2015. I have made a questionnaire survey of 40 people selected by chance and then I processed the data in order to create a general overview of obtained results. The result of the thesis is that the number of performed periradicular therapies is steadily increasing. One-third increase was recorded from 2010 to 2015. The number of women patients prevails, 53% of patients in the given period were women. The most common age category is 50 to 59 years, this category constitutes 37% of all patients. It was found out that most of the patients were treated just for one or two times. Only 7% of the patients were treated for more than two times. When processing the data from my survey, I have found out that most of the patients are satisfied with the effectiveness of the therapy, which corresponds with the results quoted in the bibliography.
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Binární Homogenní Nukleace H2SO4-H2O
Brus, David ; Hyvärinen, A.-P. ; Lihavainen, H. ; Kulmala, M.
In this study binary homogeneous nucleation of sulfuric acid and water was measured in a laminar flow tube. The concentration of sulfuric acid was determined experimentally by employing bubblers along the nucleation chamber and subsequent ion chromatography analysis. The experimental nucleation rates as a function of sulfuric acid concentration at three different relative humidities, as well as comparison with other studies and atmospheric nucleation are presented.
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