|
|
Low-calorie dietary regimes and their importance in the therapy of obesity
Dolejšová, Ester ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Mikeš, Ondřej (referee)
Starting points: Low-calorie diets (LCD) and very low-calorie diets (VLCD) are often indicated for effective and rapid weight reduction in patients with higher degrees of obesity (BMI ≥ 35). However, in many of these patients, short-term diets end in the typical yo-yo effect. In the presence of various diseases, the patient's health may also be harmed during these regimes. On the other hand, for many patients, these diets can represent a major shift in treatment if timed and executed correctly. Goals: The main goal of this study is to evaluate two- to three-week LCD and VLCD regimes conducted during hospitalization in ward D3 of the III Internal Clinic of the General University Hospital in Prague as part of weight-reduction stays and to assess their long-term effect. Methods: Quantitative, non-interventional research was conducted retrospectively. The research sample consisted of 60 patients who underwent a weight-reduction stay in inpatient ward D3 in 2022. With consent from the patients, initial data were taken from their medical records and from the mobile application Čas pro zdraví. Anthropometric data provided by the patients were used to calculate BMI and EBW (excess body weight). The collected data were processed in Excel program. Subsequently, the data were sorted for research purposes and...
|
|
|
Bariatrics and diabetes remission
Pavlíková, Ivana ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Löblová, Marie (referee)
Introduction: Bariatric-metabolic surgery, previously referred to solely as bariatric surgery, is no longer merely a treatment for obesity. In recent years, there has been an understanding of the complex metabolic effects that surgery provides and an expansion of its therapeutic use beyond weight reduction. It also represents a therapy for associated metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (hereafter referred to as "DM2T"). One of the main benefits that this bachelor thesis focuses on is the improvement of compensation and achievement of diabetes remission within 1 year after surgery. Objectives: The aim of the bachelor thesis was to evaluate the different weight loss in diabetics and non-diabetics after bariatric surgery. Furthermore, we assessed the influence of bariatrics on the development of glycated hemoglobin values and thus on disease compensation. Finally, we focused on the review of cases where remission of DM2T occurred. The data were analyzed over a time period of 12 months following bariatric-metabolic surgery. Methodology: The research had a quantitative character and was conducted through retrospective observation. We analyzed data such as weight and glycated hemoglobin values. The group consisted of 38 respondents (18 diabetics and 20 non-diabetics) from obesity...
|
|
|
Awareness of food labelling among patients suffering with obesity and diabetes
Hálová, Nikol ; Brunerová, Ludmila (advisor) ; Anděl, Michal (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the awareness of food labelling among patients with obesity and diabetes. The aim of the thesis is to determine the knowledge of these patients about food labelling and their opinions on this topic. Furthermore, the thesis examines the influence of food labelling on the dietary habits of patients with obesity and diabetes, as well as the possibilities for improving awareness of food labelling among these patients. The research was conducted in the form of an anonymous questionnaire, which helped identify the level of knowledge and attitudes of patients with obesity and diabetes towards food labelling. The results showed that awareness of food labelling significantly influences the dietary habits of patients. Patients with higher levels of knowledge about food labelling are more likely to make informed and healthier decisions when choosing foods. The thesis also identified the main barriers that prevented patients from effectively utilizing food labelling, such as small font sizes on labels, complexity of information, and inadequate understanding of labelling. Proposed measures to improve awareness include the implementation of educational programs, practical demonstrations, and interactive workshops focused on proper label reading. Additionally, collaboration with dietitians...
|
|
|
Effect of diet monitoring on weight reduction in obese patients
Zemanová, Adéla ; Šimková, Simona (advisor) ; Váchová, Alena (referee)
The Effect of Diet Monitoring on Weight Reduction in Obese Patients Abstract The thesis titled "The Effect of Diet Monitoring on Weight Reduction in Obese Patients" I explore weight reduction strategies for obese patients. Specifically, I examine whether respondents who monitor their energy intake using the "Kalorické tabulky" app achieve greater weight loss and changes in body composition. Obesity is a global epidemic, and its prevalence is rising not only in developed countries. According to current trends from the World Obesity Federation, more than 4 billion people may be overweight or obesity by 2035. For this thesis, I chose a quantitative research approach involving 76 participants attending a nutrition clinic. The participants were divided into two research groups. Specifically, research group 2 included those participants who expressed interest in using the "Kalorické tabulky" app for monitoring caloric intake and who also had a smartphone compatible with this app. Participants who either did not express interest in using the app or did not have a suitable phone were placed in research group 1. The research involved taking a medical history, instructing participants on how to write the five-day diet record, providing individual nutritional interventions based on these diet records, and conducting...
|
|
|
Spectrum of patients in the nutritional clinic in Prostějov
Šuhajová, Klára ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Petřeková, Karin (referee)
Introduction: A dietitian in the outpatient clinic provides comprehensive nutritional care in the field of medical nutrition to children and adults. The role of a dietitian has a wide scope, the goal of which is to provide individual nutritional care to patients based on nutritional diagnoses. Objectives: The main objective of this thesis is to form a detailed analysis of the spectrum of patients from the nutritional therapy clinic according to medical diagnoses and requirements for nutritional care. The second goal is to evaluate the effect of nutritional intervention in overweight and obese patients, to summarize the effect of associated comorbidities, to evaluate the effect of good cooperation between a dietitian and a patient according to criteria. Methodology: The research part of the work is carried out in the nutrition clinic of the Medicom's medical facility in Prostějov during the years 2022-2023. A total of 252 patients were selected for the research, with the largest number of 59,9 % being women, 28,2 % men and 11,9 % children. Patients between the ages of 31-59 have the largest representation. Of the 252 patients, 78 (31 %) patients met the criteria for secondary endpoint evaluation. Based on the set goals, research questions and hypotheses are created, and the data obtained are...
|
|
|
The influence of nutritional intervention on the development of cardiovascular risk in patients suffering from type II diabetes mellitus
Bučková Šenkýřová, Hana ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Horová, Eva (referee)
Introduction: In recent years, there has been a significant and sustained increase in the incidence of the type II diabetes mellitus. The cause of this phenomenon lies in the inappropriate lifestyle of the population living in economically developed countries. Type II diabetes mellitus is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease, which is the most common cause of death in diabetics. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of regular nutritional intervention on selected factors influencing cardiovascular risk in type II diabetic patients, more specifically on weight, BMI, amount of fat and muscle mass, waist circumference, WHR, HbA1c, smoking abstinence and blood pressure. In addition, the aim was to ascertain how the resulting change in the factors of interest would vary with the frequency of the intervention, as well as the adherence of type II diabetics to treatment. The outcomes of patients who completed the series of interventions were also compared with those who did not complete the interventions. The success rate of the intervention in patients was also compared according to their gender and age. The final objective was to determine whether the changes achieved in each of the factors studied would be sustained by patients after a 3-month follow-up, when...
|
|
|
Obesity and bariatric surgery
Fajmonová, Natálie ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Záhora, Tomáš (referee)
Introduction: Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease that is often associated with a number of serious health complications such as DM2, cardiovascular disease, certain cancers, hypertension and many others. In order to treatment of obesity is successful a comprehensive and individualised approach is required. Bariatrics is currently considered the most effective method of treating obesity and associated comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus. Objective: The aim of the bachelor thesis was to evaluate the average weight loss one year after surgery, to evaluate the average weight loss from maximum weight, to compare the changes weight loss in men and women and the same in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Method: The study sample consisted of 38 patients of the Obesity Center of the 3rd Internal Medicine Clinic of the VFN in Prague. Patients underwent bariatric surgery during 2019- 2022. I retrospectively collected data from medical evidence about the weight development of patients from their maximum weight to one year after surgery. Results: The mean EWL of the patients one year after surgery was 30, 39 ± 16, 96 %. The patients reduced their maximum excess weight (EWMAX) by 50, 65 ± 26, 52 and the maximum BMI decreased from 51, 1 ± 7, 987 (obese class III) to 36, 93 ± 7, 623 (obese class II)....
|
|
|
Role of the gut bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila in obesity
Balský, Šimon ; Hrdý, Jiří (advisor) ; Podzimek, Štěpán (referee)
Current scientific knowledge point to a key role of the gut microbiota (GM) in the pathogenesis of various obesity-related diseases. Akkermansia muciniphila (AM), a commensal intestinal bacterium present in the human digestive tract, has become the subject of many research projects. Studies using experimental animal models have shown that AM has significant functional capabilities, including reducing obesity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis and improved intestinal permeability. It can be assumed that similar effects will also be observed in humans, as already suggested by the first published studies. AM is currently identified as a next generation probiotic due to its ability to positively influence host health. The inclusion of GM modulation in the overall obesity treatment plan, particularly through AM, may significantly increase weight loss efficacy and improve metabolic parameters. This approach may include probiotic/postbiotic, dietary and pharmacological interventions, thereby promoting healthier GM composition and microbiome function in general. This bachelor thesis aims to provide a comprehensive review and analysis of research studies focused on AM in humans in order to gain a deeper understanding of its impact and functions. Based on the analysis of 10...
|
|
|
The role of voltage-gated calcium channels in mammalian adipose cells
Pěknicová, Zuzana ; Ryšková, Lucie (advisor) ; Vlachová, Viktorie (referee)
Fat cells (adipocytes) are important regulators of adipose tissue and the whole organism. These cells are actively involved in whole-body energy homeostasis and changes in their function and metabolism have a far-reaching impact on an individual's health. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate the proper functioning of adipocyte cellular processes can significantly aid in the treatment of a number of diseases including obesity, type II diabetes, and others. Therefore, considerable effort is currently being devoted to investigating the various signaling pathways involved in the life of a healthy adipocyte. Calcium, or its active form Ca2+, is an essential tool for cellular signal transduction and triggers a several biologically important processes in most cell types, including adipocytes. This bachelor thesis focuses on the regulation of calcium homeostasis by voltage-gated calcium channels, which appear to be active in the adipocyte, even though it is generally a non-excitable tissue. This paper summarizes current knowledge on the type, structure and function of calcium channels and their effects on adipocyte (patho)physiology. Possible therapeutic benefits based on the regulation of selected calcium channels as potential targets for the treatment of metabolic disorders are also...
|
|
|
Amylase gene variability in human populations
Vosmíková, Veronika ; Černý, Viktor (advisor) ; Daňková, Pavlína (referee)
Amylase is a starch-digesting enzyme produced by the pancreas and salivary glands in humans. Genes for the salivary isoenzyme (AMY1), located on chromosome 1p21.1, show remarkable variability in their copy numbers (CNV). Their count is positively correlated with the final amount of the produced enzyme. This variability could be the result of positive selection during human evolution, depending on the amount of starch consumed by various populations. Starch pre-digested by salivary α-amylase is absorbed more effectively, resulting in a greater gain of energy in later stages of the metabolizing process. Thus, it could have been one of the factors for rapid brain growth in humans and, significantly later, even for the agricultural transition. It could belong to a group of other known subsistence-based evolutionary changes in the human genome, such as those resulting in lactase persistence or slow acetylation of xenobiotics. Nowadays, the number of copies and the amount of produced α-amylase can influence the glucose level in the blood and insulin production after consumption, as well as the incidence of certain civilization diseases, such as obesity or type II diabetes. The influence of salivary α-amylase on the composition of the microbiome, cardiovascular diseases, and the pro-inflammatory profile...
|
guest ::
