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The Legal Regulation of Drawing Budget Funds in Selected Countries of the European Union
Osúch, Adam ; Marková, Hana (advisor) ; Karfíková, Marie (referee) ; Mrkývka, Petr (referee)
In the first chapter of the dissertation, I determined the objectives of the dissertation, described the methodology of the dissertation and the methodology of the dissertation. I was based on suitable sources of the methodology of legal science, which is based on the principles of the methodology of social sciences. Part of the processing of the topic of legal regulation of the use of budget funds in selected countries of the European Union was also the definition of budget law in the system of financial law in exact accordance with the first partial theoretical goal of the dissertation: to summarize, analyze and systematize budget law in the system of financial law in the monitored countries. I implemented this in the second chapter of the dissertation and thereby fulfilled the first partial theoretical goal of the dissertation. In the third chapter of the dissertation, I paid attention to the budget of the European Union and the use of budget funds. First, I elaborated on the topic of the European Union budget, then I paid attention to the budgetary principles of the European Union and, in connection with the topic being processed, also to the budgetary rules of the European Union, while I did not neglect the analysis of the strengthening of the key rules for the management of the European Union...
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The impact of the 2014 amendment of the Directive 92/85/EEC in the presence of women in the production sector
Caria Fernandes Ferreira Nunes, Madalena ; Nekola, Martin (advisor) ; Mysíková, Martina (referee)
As with many other public policies, the 2014 amendment of the Council directive 92/85/EEC, concerning the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health at work of pregnant workers and workers who have recently given birth or are breastfeeding, may have unintended consequences, beyond its original purpose. Thus, this research aims to study if the aforementioned amendment caused some disturbance in the participation of women in the labour market, differentiating by production sectors. To do this, a sample of OECD countries was used to employ a differences-in-differences methodology, where the treatment group was the set of EU Countries subjected to this law. In addition, the model is extended to control for country-specific variables allowing for a descriptive analysis of the influence of the selected variables on the share of women in the different sectors. Although the effect of the amendment on the share of women in the analysed industries was found to be statistically insignificant using the differences-in-differences methodology, the covariates model offers interesting insights on the topics of fertility, education, maternity leave and employment protection. A brief analysis of variance has also shown that the countries that implemented women-specific legislation...
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Frontex: A Gendarmerie of the EU or just a Border Assistance?
Netopil, Petr ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Bahenský, Vojtěch (referee)
This research focuses on the Civil-Security Relations between the EU and its border agency, FRONTEX. Relationships between the state and its border guards vary wildly in space and time in terms of the level of militarization, which is why this thesis set out to define the situation of the EU's first uniformed and armed service. A single case study was used, as FRONTEX as a transnational border agency is a deviant case. This research creates a typology of security services within the state and then places FRONTEX within it. In the discussion that follows, the relationship between the EU and FRONTEX seems to be matched best by the relationship between a state and its gendarmerie, though the police force is also very close. Furthermore, there are exceptions where the agency behaves more like an army or a civilian service. In terms of real-world analogues, it tracks most closely the relationships between the Baltic states, Finland, Poland, and their respective border guards.
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The impact of crises on differentiation and integration in the EU: COVID-19 and Ukraine
Běhunčík, Radek ; Martinková, Viera (advisor) ; Jeřábek, Martin (referee)
The European Union has had to deal with an increasing number of crises over the past 15 years. The future of its integration is thus increasingly dependent on concrete crisis responses. At the same time, the increasing heterogeneity of its members makes it more difficult to find compromise solutions, and integration often takes a differentiated path. This paper has attempted to answer the question of what is the impact of crises on the integration and differentiation of the European Union. It did so through an explanatory two-case study of the most recent emergencies - the COVID-19 crisis and the high energy price crisis linked to the war in Ukraine. To find the answer, a congruence analysis of the Union's crisis responses was conducted based on the models of Riddervold et al. The supply and demand theory of differentiation then explained the absence or presence of differentiation. The central data source was the European secondary legislation, frequently neglected by integration theorists. The analysis results find the crises' effects to be pro-integration in the given cases, here primarily in a uniform pattern. However, in the case of COVID-19, the thesis reveals shortcomings of the crisis response models used, pointing to the need for their conceptual reformulation. For a more comprehensive understanding...
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The Financial System Supervision in the European Union
Mokoš, Martin ; Kohajda, Michael (advisor) ; Sejkora, Tomáš (referee) ; Papoušková, Zdenka (referee)
The Financial System Supervision in the European Union Abstract In the first chapter of my dissertation theses, I defined the objectives of the dissertation theses, I chose suitable methods of scientific work, which I applied in the entire process of creating the dissertation theses, I described them in more detail, and I also described in detail the entire methodology of the dissertation theses. In the second chapter of the dissertation theses, I paid attention to the definition of the financial system in the European Union and also to the legal acts of supervision over the financial system in the European Union. I also described the basic supervision of the financial system in the European Union, the banking union as part of the financial supervision system, as well as the European System of Central Banks (ESCB) and summarized other aspects of the supervision of the financial system in the European Union. At the end of this chapter, I state that by summarizing the institutional arrangement of European supervision, I have fulfilled one of the set sub-goals. In the third and fourth chapters, I described and evaluated the functioning and structures of specific components of the mechanism of macroprudential supervision and microprudential supervision of the European Union as part of the supervision of the...
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The instrumentalisation and weaponisation of migrants, its impacts, and how the EU responds: the case of Belarus
Škopková, Lucie ; Parízek, Michal (advisor) ; Kazharski, Aliaksei (referee)
This diploma thesis will focus on the weaponisation of migration as a hybrid threat posed to states in an attempt to destabilise their internal systems. The case study of the Poland-Belarus border crisis will be used to examine and illustrate how the European Union can address such hybrid attacks and how this reflects on the notion of the European Union as a 'normative power'. This will be done by conducting a content analysis of relevant news articles from EURACTIV, EUobserver, and POLITICO on the case study and by holding interviews with experts and academics. The notion of the European Union as a normative power will be explored through the lens of realism and neo-realism, focusing on the role of human rights and the European Union's reliance on sanctions. This will help to explore the conclusion that the conceptualisation of the European Union should be more nuanced, making it appear as a civilian power with strong normative foundations in practice rather than a solely normative power.
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Analysis of dispute settlement mechanism in Trade and Cooperation Agreement between the EU and the UK
Kurková, Michaela ; Šlosarčík, Ivo (advisor) ; Tomalová, Eliška (referee)
The thesis deals with the analysis of the dispute settlement mechanism in the Trade and Cooperation Agreement between the European Union and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The present legal arrangements governing the relationship between the United Kingdom, as the first former member state, and the European Union entail a number of ambiguities in political and legal discourse. In order to obtain a comprehensive picture and achieve the research objective, the thesis also includes the Withdrawal Agreement and a selected new generation trade agreement, the EU-Korea Agreement, as part of its analysis. To achieve this objective, the thesis sets out to answer two research questions, that is (1) how the institutional provisions of the agreements involved in the system of dispute settlement differ from each other and, where applicable, from the provisions of standard trade agreements concluded by the EU, and (2) how the dispute settlement mechanism foreseen by the individual agreements differ from each other and, where applicable, from other dispute settlement mechanisms in EU trade agreements. By answering the research questions, the author tests the hypothesis of the persistence of EU influences on the dispute settlement system in the Trade and Cooperation Agreement and the...
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Determinants of the Residential Real Estate Prices in Selected EU Countries
Rákosníková, Andrea ; Hlaváček, Michal (advisor) ; Schwarz, Jiří (referee)
This thesis aims to identify the determinants of real housing prices in the 13 newest EU member states. Determinants were identified using individual time series and aggregate panel analyses to ensure the best results. Cointegrating relationships were confirmed through testing and factored into the choice of estimation methods. The time series regression was done using the VECM, and the same method was used to test the theory that the capitals are the price leaders in housing markets. Results revealed that this effect is limited to only some markets, particularly affecting Czechia and Slovakia. Panel analyses, done using the PDOLS and ECM, were used to examine determinants and the speed of convergence of variables to equilibrium. The results of the aggregate panel regression showed that numerous determinants, namely the construction prices, GDP, number of housing permits, rents, and population, affect housing prices significantly. However, area-specific panels and time series models highlighted significant variations in results across countries. For example, GDP is not a significant determinant in V4 countries, while its effect is vital for the Balkans. The most surprising results were observed for Cyprus and Malta, where the relationships between the prices and determinants seem to be distorted by...
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Mitigating Greenwashing Practices in the Fashion Industry: Assessing the Effectiveness of the New EU Green Claims Directive A Case Study of Primark
Obadia, Lucy ; Fiřtová, Magdalena (advisor) ; Arregui Moreno, Francisco Javier (referee)
Greenwashing, a prevalent phenomenon within the fashion industry, continues to pose significant challenges. Recognising the severity of this problem, the European Union (EU) has emphasised the need to safeguard consumers against misleading practices. This thesis critically analyses the impact of the EU's initiative to regulate greenwashing practices and evaluate the effectiveness of the New Green Claims Directive in the context of the fashion industry. By adopting a consumer perspective, this research explores the Directive's coverage of greenwashing practices and assesses its real-world efficacy. Employing a comprehensive approach, this study examines the implementation of the Directive through a case study of Primark's sustainability claims. Scrutinising the company's practices, it sheds light on the greenwashing tactics that the Directive may have overlooked. Through this examination, the research seeks to contribute to the existing literature by assessing the effectiveness of green claims and the potential impact of the EU Green Claims Directives. The findings of this study underscore the significance of the fashion industry's lack of stable regulations in combatting greenwashing. The analysis reveals the complexities associated with regulating misleading practices and highlights the need for...
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