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Behavioral changes in fish after methamphetamine exposure
SLIVONĚ, Miroslav
Illegal drug use has adverse consequences in the global society, but what about other organisms or ecosystem? According to the results of recently published studies, the use of illegal drugs also has a negative effect on organisms in the aquatic environment, where it enters via insufficiently treated wastewater. This diploma thesis is focused on the effect of the illegal drug methamphetamine (METH) on the change in the behaviour of brown trout (Salmo trutta morpha fario) at environmentally relevant concentrations (1000 ng/L). The results of the experiments confirmed the presence of METH and its major metabolite amphetamine (AMFA) in the liver and brain tissue of exposed fish. The changes in fish behaviour suggest that exposure to METH affected the spatial orientation of fish, expressed by left laterality, and the locomotion, represented by higher exploratory activity of exposed fish. However, the effect of METH has not been demonstrated in the presence of fish near the feed site. Based on the results of this laboratory study, the negative impact of METH and its metabolites on individuals, populations, communities, and possibly entire ecosystems was concluded.
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Host manipulation as a helminth strategy increasing the probability of further transmission
Urbanová, Monika ; Horák, Petr (advisor) ; Bulantová, Jana (referee)
The manipulation hypothesis deals with the ability of some parasitic organisms to efficiently change the phenotype of their hosts to facilitate their transmission. The parasite thus gains a selective advantage and, compared to non-manipulating species, is more reproductive. This phenomenon can also be observed in some parasitic helminths. The objects of helminth manipulation are most often invertebrates, who serve as intermediate hosts. In infected animals, we can observe striking morphological changes, abnormal movement reactions, or even suicidal tendencies. The objects of helminth manipulation are most often invertebrates, who serve as intermediate hosts. Manipulation can be divided into direct and indirect, depending on whether the parasite is able to act directly on the nervous tissue of the host. The desired behavioral response can be elicited in other ways, for example, by disrupting the host's metabolism or through complex interactions with the immune system. This thesis focuses mainly on the presentation of various strategies that are most often described in helminth manipulators. Key words: Helminth, host, infection, manipulation, behavioral change, extended phenotype
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Motivation for treatment of dependence on addictive substances among patients in detoxification department
Břoušková, Barbora ; Šťastná, Lenka (advisor) ; Dvořáček, Jiří (referee)
Background: The psychology of behavior change and addictive substance users' motivation to get treatment is a topical issue in addictology. The reasons why patients enter treatment vary; they have different goals, and they differ in the degree to which they are able to reflect these goals. To understand addictive behavior, it is necessary to pay attention to all aspects that determine it, i.e. to recognize the abilities, opportunities and motivations of their behavior and their interaction. The topic of patient motivation at the very beginning of the institutional treatment process of addiction, i.e. when entering detox, was not given enough attention in the Czech Republic, despite the fact that detoxification is in many cases the first, indispensable step in starting medium-term and long-term residential treatment of addiction, and work with motivation is a method of direct work with patients. Aims: To map the motivation for treatment of addiction to addictive substances in patients voluntarily hospitalized at the Detox K20department at the Kosmonosy Psychiatric Hospital. To describe the characteristics of these patients, the differences in their motivation and compare their motivation in terms of socio-demographic data, preferential addictive substances, experience with addiction treatment and...
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Active and Autonomous Approach to Health Care, Seeking an Ideal Insured
Macháček, Vít ; Remr, Jiří (advisor) ; Uherek, Zdeněk (referee)
The author of the thesis formulates theoretical starting points, which draws attention to the problems of the health care system. It emphasizes the role of the individual and describes the mechanism by which it is possible to naturally and freely intervene in the health insurance system. A key role in this mechanism is provided by health insurers, which have the potential to moderate the relationship of the insured with the health system. The health insurer can do so by segmenting their insured and product orientation. The construction of the "ideal insured" should contribute to the this segmentation. The construction is based on the active and autonomous approach of the insured, these qualities are highly valued in the theory presented and it is assumed that this approach is desirable in terms of prevention. The author has created a tool to measure this construct. The tool is in the form of a questionnaire that is systematicaly reduced to include as few items as possible so it can be easily used in practice. Practical usability is the primary goal of creating this instrument to measure "ideal insured".
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Software approaches for development hygiene and sanitation in developing countries and influencing factors
Kačmáčková, Kamila ; Novotný, Josef (advisor) ; Preis, Jiří (referee)
Jméno a příjmení autora: Bc. Kamila Kačmáčková Název bakalářské práce: Software approaches for development hygiene and sanitation in developing countries and influencing factors Katedra: sociální geografie a regionálního rozvoje Vedoucí bakalářské práce: Doc. RNDr. Josef Novotný, Ph.D. Rok obhajoby: 2015 Abstrakt The subject of this master thesis are software approaches for development right sanitation behavior. First part - theoretical describes hygiene and sanitation section and specific type of development projects - software approaches. Practical part of the thesis based on the systematic review describes external factors influencing sanitation behaviors. Result is summary of influencing external factors categorized into five groups: socio-cultural, economic, political, and physical-geographic and factors of current sanitation conditions Keywords Hygiene and sanitation, development countries, software approaches, behavior change, factors, context
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