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Social inequalities in stroke prevalence in Europe
Šimka, Vojtěch ; Kulhánová, Ivana (advisor) ; Bruthans, Jan (referee)
This thesis analyses the relationship between the prevalence of stroke and the level of education in European countries. The aim of the thesis is to identify the factors that influence this relationship using data obtained from the EHIS study. The thesis focuses on the analysis of social inequalities in stroke prevalence in Europe. The results of the analysis confirm the existence of significant social inequalities in the prevalence of this disease in some European countries. Factors contributing to a higher chance of stroke in individuals with lower socioeconomic status have been identified. On the basis of these results, recommendations for governments of countries with a high prevalence of social inequalities are formulated in the final chapter of the thesis. These recommendations relate to access to health care, including stroke prevention and treatment, and aim to reduce social inequalities in this area.
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The Development of a Gifted Pupil with an Interest in Natural Sciences
Macková, Lea ; Říhová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Kocurková, Alena (referee)
The bachelor's thesis comprehensively outlines the issue of giftedness. The reason is the need to understand the context and sufficient theoretical preparation for subsequent research in the field of the development of gifted individuals for the natural history branch. The method of incomplete systematic literature search was used to select scientific publications that provided expert insight into the topic of giftedness and talent, from the definition of terms through the illumination of influences on the development of the gifted individual to the synthesis of knowledge concerning persons gifted with the ability to work in the fields of science (science giftedness). For the follow-up research part, with the aim of mapping aspects of the development of a gifted individual interested in studying biology, geology or ecology, the retrospective in-depth interview method combining semi- concluded questions and open questions was chosen. The semi-structured interview was created on the basis of knowledge gained during the creation of the theoretical part of the work, the respondents were selected according to predetermined criteria. The information obtained from discussions with the gifted was subsequently transcribed into written form, coded into structures and stories with significant information, and...
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Nurse education about thromboembolic disease about their risks and prevention.
HAVLOVÁ, Jitka
The bachelor thesis titled Nurse education about thromboembolic disease about their risks and prevention deals with patients' knowledge regarding the thromboembolic disease, education activities of nurses and determining the effectiveness of such education activities of nurses regarding thromboembolic disease. The theoretical part focuses on the anatomy of the vascular system and the heart as well as on the process of blood clotting. Furthermore, the theoretical part is devoted to the characteristics of thromboembolic disease, its symptoms and risk factors. The diagnosis, treatment and prevention of thromboembolic disease are also presented. Finally, the nursing care of patients with phlebothrombosis and pulmonary embolism and patient education are described. Three objectives were set for this bachelor thesis. The first objective was to map the patients' knowledge of thromboembolic disease, about its risks and prevention. The second objective aimed to map the educational activities of nurses in the context of thromboembolic disease. The third objective was to discover how nurses determine the effectiveness of educational activities about thromboembolic disease. Based on these, following three research questions were established: What do the patients know about thromboembolic disease, about its risks and prevention? What kind of educational activities do the nurses in the hospital do regarding the prevention of thromboembolic disease? How do nurses determine the effectiveness of educational activities about thromboembolic disease in the hospital? In order to obtain the results of the research investigation, two research sets were established. The first research set consisted of the nurses providing care and the second research set consisted of the patients. These patients were hospitalized in the ward where the nurses worked. The actual research investigation was conducted by meeting the nurses and patients in person using qualitative method and semi-structured interviews. All interviews were recorded with the consent of the persons on a mobile device voice recorder. The data collected from the interviews were processed and analyzed using the pencil-and-paper method. The main categories and sub-categories were created based on these data. Three and seven subcategories were established for nurses providing care. There were three categories and six established for the patients. The first research question asked was: What do the patients know about thromboembolic disease, about its risks and prevention? According to the research conducted, it was found that patients do not have enough information about thromboembolic disease and are not fully informed by nurses in the hospital about the symptoms of phlebothrombosis and pulmonary embolism, risk factors and preventive measures of thromboembolic disease. Within the second research question, it was asked: What kind of educational activities do the nurses in the hospital do regarding the prevention of thromboembolic disease? The research showed that nurses educate patients about the importance of exercise, any activity, the proper application of low molecular weight heparin before discharge to home treatment and the proper loading of compression bandages before surgery. Regarding the third research question, How do nurses determine the effectiveness of educational activities about thromboembolic disease in the hospital?, the investigation showed that the most important thing for nurses is communication with the physiotherapist, monitoring the patient at each room visit as well as obtaining the feedback from the patient after education on the correct application of low molecular weight heparin. Based on the results of the survey, an information leaflet on thromboembolic disease has been developed and will be provided to private practices or hospitals.
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Aggression in patiens with psychosis
Nichtová, Andrea ; Vevera, Jan (advisor) ; Papežová, Hana (referee) ; Končelíková, Dana (referee)
Most psychiatric patients do not behave aggressively, but they very often become victims of aggressive behaviour. However, in the practical part of this work, we focused on the phenomenon of aggressive behaviour in psychotic patients, and we address victimization of psychotic patients in the theoretical part because it is one of the most important predictors of aggressive behaviour not only in psychiatric patients but also in the general population. In the literature, we encounter three basic immediate causes of aggressive behaviour - psychotic, impulsive, and predatory (planned) - which we observed in hospital conditions. Specifically, we focused on impulsive behaviour in aggressive patients, given that it is assumed that psychotic patients have difficulties in this area. The aim of this study was to examine the immediate causes of aggressive behaviour and provide data from the Czech Republic on their prevalence. Another goal was to determine whether the factor structure in our work is consistent with the three hypothesized factors described by Nolan et al. Another goal was to explore impulsive behaviour in psychotic patients in light of the reported reduced impulse control and emotional dysregulation associated with the emergence of aggressive behaviour in psychotic patients. The study aimed to...
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Fall prevention from the nurse's point of view
PAVELKOVÁ, Kateřina
The bachelor thesis focuses on fall prevention from the perspective of the general nurse. General nurses encounter falls very frequently with health care providers and should be able to act on this issue in both the prevention and management of a fall. This thesis consists of a theoretical and a research part. The theoretical part deals with the characteristics of falls and risk groups of patients and other internal and external risk factors that occupy an important role in this issue. It also discusses the role of the general nurse in fall prevention as an integral part of the practice of the profession. The thesis also deals with selected aspects of fall prevention and follow-up of fall occurrence and consequences in patients. It was also important to mention the scales used to assess falls or to reduce the risk of falls. For the research part of this bachelor's thesis, a qualitative data collection method was chosen by using the technique of semi-structured interviews conducted with general nurses of selected wards of internal type of health care providers. The aim of the research part was to find out how general nurses identify patient groups at risk for falls. Also, whether general nurses implement preventive measures for fall occurrence and how they proceed when a fall occurs. Last but not least, it was important to find out how general nurses proceed when a patient is discharged to home care.
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CMP (STROKE) - ALGORITHM OF EXAMINATION METHODS
MACKOVÁ, Pavlína
The bachelor thesis on CMP (stroke) - algorithm of examination methods deals with the disease of stroke, its definition, methods of examination, possible treatment and students' knowledge about this disease. The main objective of this study was to learn about the algorithm of examination methods in stroke and to find out the awareness of the respondents about this topic. The research question was: What is the awareness of the respondents about the process of examination and diagnosis of CMP? The thesis is divided into a theoretical section and a practical section. The first part focuses on the current state. Here the vascular supply to the brain, stroke, algorithm of examination methods and treatment of stroke are covered. Overall, the thesis is divided into six main chapters. The practical part deals with the questionnaire survey. The research purpose of this thesis was fulfilled by means of a questionnaire survey among Radiology Assisting students and Public Protection students with a focus on CBRNE. The questionnaire developed was the same for both groups of students. It was a standardized questionnaire with a choice of one answer each time. The resulting answers were then evaluated in clear graphs. The results of the conducted survey can offer us students' perspectives on anatomical knowledge of the brain, basic information about stroke, selected types of stroke examinations and stroke treatment. In addition, results from Radiology Assisting students and results from Public Protection students with a CBRNE focus can be compared to each other. The results can show us where students make the most mistakes and what information they know instead. Thus, the work can serve as a study material for students of all medical disciplines.
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Využití technických a automatizačních zařízení v provozu České pošty
Brabec, Radek
The purpose of this work is to understand and improve the issue of sorting parcels in the company Česká pošta s.p. The work presents the technology and handling equipment used in the operations of the Czech Post s.p. Furthermore, the work focuses on the workplace of manual sorting of consignments, where employees are at risk of musculoskeletal diseases. The knowledge gained from this work offers the opportunity to increase the quality of sorting and better protection of employees' health. These results can be applied to the entire company Česká pošta s.p.
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Teachers' recognition and behavior toward the violent radicalisation of students
Kasalová, Petra ; Lukavská, Kateřina (advisor) ; Viktorová, Ida (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the topic of the potential risk of radicalization in the school environment. It is based on a foreign research study focused on the ability to recognize the risks of radicalization of teachers and the degree of their reaction to the situation. The first part defines terms such as radicalization, extremism and terrorism, defines the trend of prevention of radicalization in the Czech Republic and describes radicalization in children. The second part is focused on the factors and levels of the radicalization process, radicalization processes and models of recognizing radicalization processes. The third part deals with the description and analysis of a foreign questionnaire adapted to the Czech environment. The research questions are concerned with the frequency of different reactions of teachers to the potentially demanding radicalization process of a student, the confidence of teachers in solving the problem of the potential radicalization process of a student, the attitude of teachers with current anti-radicalization measures and the level of concern. The conclusions of the diploma thesis demonstrate the inadequate level of response of Czech teachers to the potential radicalization process of the student. KEYWORDS radicalisation, risk behavior, risk factors, school...
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