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Annual report 2011
VÚPP
The publication describes the activities of the Food Research Institute Prague in 2011. This activity is mainly focused on improving the level of the population's diet and on improving the supply of food, on improving the processes of food processing, on the development of special foods for groups of people with extraordinary health food demands, on the search and development of related control and evaluation methods , analytics including the performance of specific analyzes, and the development and manufacture of special measuring equipment and techniques. Data on the structure and organs of the institution, basic statistical data, results of the main (research) activities of the institute and other activities (pedagogical, educational, advisory activities, representation in national bodies, boards and commissions, international activities). The publication is bilingual (cz + en).
Fulltext:  PDF
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Ecology of yeasts in forest soils
Mašínová, Tereza ; Baldrian, Petr (advisor) ; Marečková, Markéta (referee) ; Kolařík, Miroslav (referee)
Microbial communities inhabiting upper soil horizons represent an important component of forest ecosystems. However, despite the evidence that yeasts represent an integral part of topsoil fungal communities, their role in forest ecosystems received so far little attention. The aims of my PhD thesis were to describe yeast communities in soil and litter of a temperate forest using high- throughput sequencing of environmental DNA, identify dominant yeast species and to explore how the composition of yeast communities reflects the biotic and abiotic factors of the environment. I also aimed to isolate yeasts from forest topsoil, describe novel yeast taxa abundant according to the environmental DNA survey and screen representative isolates for the traits relevant to their involvement in organic matter transformation. I have demonstrated that in forest topsoil, yeasts represent a substantial proportion of fungal communities with higher relative abundance in soil than in litter. In litter, yeast communities differ significantly among beech, oak and spruce-dominated stands. Drivers of community assembly are probably more complex in soils and comprise the effects of soil chemistry and vegetation. Even though there are similarities in the response of the communities of yeasts and filamentous fungi to...
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Microbiological excursions
Záhořová, Karolína ; Pavlasová, Lenka (advisor) ; Skýbová, Jana (referee)
This thesis work is aimed at the meaning of excursion in teaching biology at secondary vocational school for thematic complex of microbiology. The topic of microbiology is not attractive for students of secondary vocational school and it is very important to find out what the impact of the excursion will be on the knowledge of students who will participate on the excursion Part of this work is evaluation of excursion as an alternative method of teaching and its overall importance in the teaching of biology. Diploma thesis work brings an overview how the individual stages of the excursion should theoretically look like. It provides list of institutions and factories which may be asked for microbiology excursion in practice. Next part includes completely described excursion in brewery U Fleků including preparation realization and evaluation. Excursion was taken by two classes of different fields with identical pre concept of their studies. Part of the school phase of the excursion is testing students in the form of pre test with the knowledge of microbiology theme, particularly beer production and yeasting process. It is followed by excursion part of brewery and at the end comes diagnostic school part when the students will be again tested in the form of post test. At the end of this work there are...
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Stanovení reziduí inhibičních látek v mase drůbeže screeningovými metodami
Strmiska, Vladislav
The Commission Regulation European Union (EU) no. 37/2010 laid down the maximum amount of antibiotics in poultry meat. Consuming foods that contain excessive amount of antibiotic residues may cause resistance of certain strains of microorganisms towards certain groups of antibiotics, hypersensitive reactions and destruction the natural intestinal microflora. This study aimed to the assessment of antibiotic residues in poultry meat by screening method Premi Test (R-Biopharm AG, Germany). We also determined the microbiological contamination in poultry meat that aimed at different groups of microorganisms depending on the origin of poultry, storage and anatomical parts. The groups of microorganisms were evaluated by the total viable count, count psychrotrophic microorganisms, E. coli, coliform microorganisms, fungi and yeasts. The samples came from the Czech Republic and the EU. The meat was chilled and frozen, breast and thigh muscle.
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Use of Educational CD-ROMs in Science and Biology Teaching at Lower and Upper Secondary Schools
Vačkářová, Kateřina ; Pavlasová, Lenka (referee) ; Jedličková, Tereza (referee)
Information and communication technologies (ICT) are a daily part of everyone's life. Therefore in this work I continue in topic of my thesis, in which I created and verified in practice educational program (software) "Microbiology". The aim of this work was to create, publish and verify in practice educational programs for teaching microbiology, mycology and protozoology at lower and secondary schools. I tried to unify terms used in these scientific areas and to create high-quality sources of information. Due to its easy availability (CD-ROM, internet), interactive sections, a number of images, texts, experiments, fun games, quizzes and other attractions educational programs can enhance traditional teaching mechanism of biology in all types of schools. This work includes a content analysis of biologically oriented educational programs currently available in the Czech Republic. It describes my own programs ("Microbiology", "Mycology" and "Protozoology") and processes the results of evaluation of programs by teacher lower and upper secondary schools. Teachers' opinions I statistically evaluated using questionnaires. The results show that lower secondary schools teachers use educational programs more often than upper secondary schools teachers. It is also showed that the most teachers use education...
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Formation of realgar at the Mokrsko
Rodovská, Zuzana ; Drahota, Petr (advisor) ; Filippi, Michal (referee)
Summary: Throughout the world there are many places with a high concentration of arsenic in water. In the Czech Republic is such a place the area of Mokrsko, where arsenic in groundwater reaches the values, which are well above recommended limits for drinking water. On the studied locality arsenic is bound to secondary minerals containing iron; however, in the reducing conditions of the fluvial sediments arsenic is bound to newly-formed realgar accumulations associated with organic matter. Aim of this diploma thesis was to characterize realgar from this locality and try to determine the way and conditions of its origin. For the purpose of research, realgar and pore- water have been sampled, using lysimeters and rhizon samplers. Specimen of realgar was characterized by numerous standard techniques (XRD, SEM, TEM, chemical and isotopic composition). Water samples have been analysed for As, F and S species. Analysis of realgar using XRD, SEM and TEM techniques confirmed the presence of nanocrystalline realgar, forming clusters and needle like aggregates. Domination of divalent iron and reduced form of As3+ (4,3-7,3 mg/L) in similar concentrations has been observed within the pore- water samples. The concentration of dissolved sulfide was very low (cca 30 µg/L), on the other hand, content of sulphate was always...
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Practical Forms of the Teaching in the Preparatory Education of the Science and Biology Teachers (with a View to Microbiology)
Pavlasová, Lenka ; Dostál, Petr (advisor) ; Vašutová, Jaroslava (referee) ; Čížková, Věra (referee)
Practical Forms of the Teaching in the Preparatory Education of the Science and Biology Teachers (with a View to Microbiology) Presented thesis deals with the practical forms of education used in the practice teaching of the science and biology teachers. Especially the problem of the reflection in this process has been solved, namely in its practical components. Particularly has been focused on one special subject - microbiology. The main object of the thesis consists in a proposal how to innovate the present content of the practical part of a Microbiology Course, which should serve to the education of the students with the specification " Teaching Biology in Primary and Secondary Schools " at Faculty of Education at Charles University in Prague, resp. to the education in its bachelor's part of the structural studies (which are being prepared).
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